Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Characterisation of treatment resistant mood disorder patients in the United Arab Emirates.","authors":"Danilo Arnone, Emmanuel Stip","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02878-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02878-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is paucity of mental health epidemiological data from the Middle East. Therein we present detailed clinical characterization of mood disorders patients from a university tertiary clinic established in the United Arab Emirates. The majority of patient experienced depressive and anxiety symptoms largely in the moderate range according to both self-rated and clinician rated scales, accompanied by significant co-morbidities, functional impairment, mild reduction in cognitive function, and a significant ruminative thinking style. These preliminary findings support the need for larger-scale research in the Middle East to address the burden of poor mental health affecting communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2267-2269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is university attendance associated with differences in health service use for a mental health problem in emerging adulthood? Evidence from the ALSPAC population-based cohort.","authors":"Tom G Osborn, Rob Saunders, Peter Fonagy","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02922-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02922-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is unclear whether attending university is associated with health service use for mental health problems in emerging adulthood. As this can be a marker of the onset of mental disorders, we aimed to investigate whether attending university was associated with health service use for a mental health problem by age 24.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The analytic sample comprised of 2,649 individuals with data on university attendance reported approximately between ages 25 and 26, and health service use for a mental health problem reported around age 24. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between university attendance and health service use, employing confounder adjustment, multiple imputation and propensity score matching to assess the robustness of associations. The study was reported using STROBE guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>University attendees were less likely to report having used services for mental health problems by 24 years compared to non-university attendees (6.5% vs. 11.4%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.54[95%CI = 0.40;0.72], p < 0.001). This association was robust in the fully adjusted model (aOR = 0.38[95%CI = 0.15;0.94], p = 0.04), propensity score matching and multiple imputation. There was evidence of a differential association among those who were and were not heterosexual and according to maternal education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest individuals who attend university are less likely to use a health service for a mental health problem. Further longitudinal research is needed to investigate potential explanations for these differences.</p><p><strong>Pre-registration: </strong>A study protocol was submitted to the ALSPAC team.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2175-2188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to psychological therapies amongst patients with a mental health diagnosis in primary care: a data linkage study.","authors":"Raquel Catalao, Matthew Broadbent, Mark Ashworth, Jayati Das-Munshi, Stephani L Hatch, Matthew Hotopf, Sarah Dorrington","doi":"10.1007/s00127-024-02787-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-024-02787-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Significant numbers of people in England have fallen into a gap between primary care psychological therapies and specialist mental health services. We aim to examine pathways to care by looking at demographic variation in detection and referral to primary and secondary psychological services in south London.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal descriptive study using a record linkage between a primary care database (Lambeth DataNet) and a secondary care mental health database (CRIS). We extracted data on mental health diagnosis, prescriptions and episodes of care in mental health services for all patients of working age registered from 1 January 2008 to 1 March 2018 (pre-covid era).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of those with a mental disorder detected in primary care (n = 110,419; 26.8%); 33.7% (n = 37,253) received no treatment; 21.3% (n = 23,548) exclusively accessed psychological treatment within NHS Talking Therapies and 7.6% accessed secondary care psychological therapies. People from minoritised groups were more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medication as the only treatment offered compared to the White British group. Men, Black African and Asian groups were less likely to access NHS Talking Therapies. People with a personality disorder diagnosis had the highest prevalence and number of NHS Talking Therapies treatment episodes (48.0%, n = 960), a similar percentage (44.1%, n = 881) received secondary care psychology treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights marked inequalities in access to psychological therapies for men and people from some minoritised ethnic groups across primary and secondary care and how individuals with personality disorders are offered multiple short-term courses in NHS Talking Therapies even where this is not recommended treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2149-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of various internet device use and activities with depression in Chinese adolescents: gender and geographical differences.","authors":"Sasa Wang, Chenzhuo Gao, Xueyan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02853-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02853-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chinese adolescents are increasingly using multiple devices to engage in various Internet activities. This study examined whether the associations of diverse Internet device use and distinct activities with depression among Chinese adolescents differed by gender and geographical location.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a national survey conducted in 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding gender differences, time spent on mobile devices and frequency of watching short videos were associated with higher levels of depression in girls, while the opposite was true for boys. Regarding geographical differences, moderate use of mobile devices (1-3 h per day) and desktop devices (< 1 h per day), including watching short videos and posting low-frequency on WeChat Moments, were associated with lower risk of depression among rural adolescents. Long-time desktop device use (> 1 h per day), playing online games, daily online learning, and posting high-frequency on WeChat Moments could increase their risk of depression. In contrast, desktop device usage and moderate mobile device use (1-3 h per day), represented by watching short videos and posting low-frequency on WeChat Moments, were related to depression among adolescents in provincial capitals, prefecture-level cities, or counties. Daily online learning, playing games, and posting WeChat Moments frequently could relieve their depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk factors for depression related to Internet device use and activity varied between adolescents across genders and geographical locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2237-2247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mental health age gradient by gender identity.","authors":"Samuel Mann, Megan S Schuler, Annaliese Paulson, Michael S Dunbar","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02895-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02895-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2017-2022 we estimated adjusted and unadjusted differences in self-reported number of poor mental health days (past month) between gender minority (GM) and cisgender adults. We document that the disparity is largest among younger individuals. Among 18- to 23-year-olds, GM adults report on average 14.5 days of poor mental health, compared to 6.3 days for cisgender individuals, yielding an unadjusted disparity of 8.2 days [95% CI: 7.15, 9.24]. This disparity decreases with age - among people over the age of 73, the observed difference was 1.7 days [95% CI: 0.13, 3.27].</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2271-2273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from a randomized controlled trial investigating effectiveness of a community-based intervention on empowerment of people with severe mental illness.","authors":"Annabel Sandra Mueller-Stierlin, Thomas Becker, Nils Greve, Anke Hänsel, Katrin Herder, Anne Kohlmann, Jutta Lehle, Uta Majewsky, Friedrich Meixner, Elke Prestin, Melanie Pouwels, Nadja Puschner, Sabrina Reuter, Mara Schumacher, Stefanie Wöhler, Reinhold Kilian","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02879-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02879-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effectiveness of community mental health services with respect to enhancing empowerment among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) has rarely been investigated. In this multicenter trial the effectiveness of a community mental health intervention (acronym: GBV) added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled multicenter trial with twelve sites spread across Germany, people living with SMI aged 18-82 years were investigated over 24 months. The trial was conducted from 2020 to 2023, a time period affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The intervention was delivered by multiprofessional GBV teams based on the Functional Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) program and was supplemented by strategies that increase the degree of self-determination. The primary outcome was measured by the Assessment of Empowerment in Patients with Affective and Schizophrenic Disorders (EPAS). Difference in difference (DiD) effect sizes were estimated on an intention-to-treat basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 929 persons with SMI were randomly assigned to the GBV plus TAU intervention (n = 470) or to TAU alone (n = 459). The dropout rate over 24 months amounted to 28%. DiD effect sizes over 24 months indicate significant treatment effects for empowerment (d = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.14 0.40). Serious adverse events (SAE) were reported for 15 (3.2%) participants in the GBV + TAU vs. 17 (3.7%) in the TAU group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of GBV to TAU, for patients with SMI, can be recommended as an effective measure to improve key psychosocial outcomes in mental health care settings across Germany.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS00019086. Registered on 3 January 2020, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00019086 .</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2135-2147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of residential versus ambulatory treatment for substance use disorders on readmission risk in a register-based national retrospective cohort.","authors":"Andrés González-Santa Cruz, Pia M Mauro, Jaime C Sapag, Silvia S Martins, José Ruiz-Tagle, Jorge Gaete, Magdalena Cerdá, Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02865-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02865-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this article, we studied whether pathways in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment differ among people admitted to residential versus ambulatory settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 84,755 adults (ages ≥ 18) in Chilean SUD treatment during 2010-2019, creating a comparable sample of 11,226 pairs in ambulatory and residential treatment through cardinality matching. We used a nine-state multistate model, stratifying readmissions by baseline treatment outcome (i.e., completion vs. noncompletion) from admission to the third readmission. We estimated transition probabilities and lengths of stay in states at three-month, one-year, three-year, and five-year follow-ups. Sensitivity analyses tested different model specifications and estimated E-values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in residential settings (vs. ambulatory) had greater treatment completion probabilities (difference at three months; 3.4% [95% CI: 2.9%, 3.9%]), and longer treatment retention (e.g., 1.6 days longer at three months, 95% CI: 0.8, 2.3). Patients in residential vs. ambulatory settings had higher first readmission probabilities regardless of baseline treatment outcome (e.g., three-month difference: 5.7% if completed baseline [95% CI: 4.4%, 7.0%] and 8.0% if did not complete baseline [95% CI: 6.7, 9.3%]). Third readmission probabilities were higher only among patients in residential settings with an incomplete baseline treatment (at least 3.7%; 95% CI: 0.2%, 7.3% at 1-year).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients in residential settings at baseline were more likely to experience a second treatment and a third readmission among patients with incomplete treatments. Findings underscore the importance of completing initial SUD treatments to reduce readmissions. Residential treatments might require additional strategies to prevent readmissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2107-2123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can primary mental health services impact levels of involuntary admissions? A cluster-RCT of the ReCoN intervention.","authors":"Jorun Rugkåsa, Olav Nyttingnes, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Tonje Lossius Husum, Solveig Helene Høymork Kjus, Irene Wormdahl, Tore Hofstad, Trond Hatling","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02914-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02914-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Internationally, policies and legal changes seek to reduce the use of involuntary psychiatric admissions. Usually directed towards specialist services, these initiatives show little sustained progress. We tested whether an intervention at the level of primary mental health services has potential to reduce the use of involuntary admissions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-arm cluster-RCT following Zelen's design (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03989765). Each cluster included the primary mental health service and their local collaborators in mid-sized Norwegian municipalities with rates of involuntary admissions above the national average. Five clusters were randomised to co-create and implement a comprehensive intervention. These could not be blinded, but the five control clusters were. Our primary hypothesis was that rates of involuntary admissions would be lower in the intervention arm when comparing change over time between arms, and that this would sustain. Secondary hypotheses were that rates of referrals for involuntary admissions and rates of referrals confirmed for involuntary status after the second statutory assessment, would be lower in the intervention arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry included all events in the study period. The difference between trial arms in changes of rates of involuntary admissions from baseline to the intervention period was 6.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 11.7; effect size (EC) 2.7), and reduced to 3.0 (95% CI -3.8 to 9.7; ES 0.9) between baseline and the post-intervention period. The difference between arms regarding changes in referral rates between the baseline and intervention period was 1.7 (95% CI -4.6 to 8.1; ES 0.5), and for changes in the rate of referrals resulting in involuntary status it was 1.3 (95% CI -3.4 to 6.0; ES 0.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a clear difference between trial arms in our primary outcome of involuntary admissions during the intervention period, but not beyond that period, and not regarding referrals for involuntary admissions, although the consistent direction of change favoured the intervention. We interpret the results to constitute 'proof of concept' that adequately resourced primary mental health services might contribute to policy aims of reducing involuntary care. Further rigorous studies in heterogeneous contexts are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2077-2087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health service contact in children with and without physical-mental multimorbidity.","authors":"Shannon Reaume, Joel Dubin, Christopher Perlman, Mark Ferro","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02877-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00127-025-02877-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate six-month prevalence of child mental health service contacts and quantify associations between child health status and mental health service contacts, including number of types of contacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data come from 6,242 children aged 4-17 years in the Ontario Child Health Study. A list of chronic conditions developed by Statistics Canada measured physical illness. The Emotional Behavioural Scales assessed mental illness. Child health status was categorized as healthy, physical illness only, mental illness only, and multimorbid (≥ 1 physical and ≥ 1 mental illness). Mental health service contact was aggregated to general medicine, urgent medicine, specialized mental health, school-based, alternative, and any contact (≥ 1 of the aforementioned contacts). Regression models quantified associations between health status and type of mental health contact, including number of types of contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted prevalence estimates showed 261,739 (21.4%) children had mental health-related service contact, with school-based services being the most common contact amongst all children, regardless of health status. Children with multimorbidity had higher odds for every mental health contact than healthy controls (OR range: 4.00-6.70). A dose-response was observed, such that the number of contacts increased from physical illness only (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.10-1.99) to mental illness only (OR = 3.39, CI: 2.59-4.44) to multimorbidity (OR = 4.13, CI: 2.78-6.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over one-fifth of children had mental health-related service contact and contacts were highest among children with multimorbidity. Types of mental health contacts for children with multimorbidity are diverse, with further research needed to elucidate the barriers and facilitators of mental health use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2125-2134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic susceptibility to depressive symptoms in middle-aged to older Americans: time-varying effects and effect modification by early psychosocial factors.","authors":"Hannah E Wilding, Walter G Dyer, Brianna Sutara, Sung-Ha Lee, Ashley N Linden-Carmichael, Stephanie T Lanza, Harold H Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02987-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02987-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We examined age-varying genetic influences on depression across young adulthood to older adulthood and the moderating role of early psychosocial factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data are from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with 6,977 European Americans (57% women) from 2006 to 2016 (M age 62.4 ± 14.3, range 26-101 years in 2006). The polygenic score (PGS) for major depression was operationalized as a binary variable at the 75th percentile. Early psychosocial factors examined included maternal warmth, parental education, perceived financial status, and childhood stressful events. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; range: 0-8). We utilized time-varying effect modeling to determine the survey wave when genetic risk most affected depressive symptoms. Within this wave, we analyzed the age-varying effect of genetic risk on depressive symptoms and conducted interaction analyses between PGS with each early psychosocial factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The wave-varying effect model revealed that the genetic effect was strongest in 2006. During that year, genetic effects remained significant and stable across age groups, from middle-aged to older adults. In 2006, without negative experiences, those at high genetic risk for depression had 51-60% higher odds of depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 3). Conversely, without genetic risk, adverse early psychosocial factors raised depression risk by 37-54%. No multiplicative or additive interaction was observed between genetic risk and psychosocial factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying individuals with higher genetic susceptibility and adverse early experiences may inform targeted preventive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}