IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-010

Kazuto Takemura, Hirotaka Sato, Akira Ito, Takafumi Umeda, Shuhei Maeda, Masayuki Hirai, Yuko Tamaki, Hirokazu Murai, Hiroshi Nakamigawa, Yukari N. Takayabu, Hiroaki Ueda, Ryuichi Kawamura, Youichi Tanimoto, Hiroaki Naoe, Masami Nonaka, Toshihiko Hirooka, Hitoshi Mukougawa, Masahiro Watanabe, Hisashi Nakamura

{"title":"Preliminary diagnosis of primary factors for an unprecedented heatwave over Japan in 2023 summer","authors":"Kazuto Takemura, Hirotaka Sato, Akira Ito, Takafumi Umeda, Shuhei Maeda, Masayuki Hirai, Yuko Tamaki, Hirokazu Murai, Hiroshi Nakamigawa, Yukari N. Takayabu, Hiroaki Ueda, Ryuichi Kawamura, Youichi Tanimoto, Hiroaki Naoe, Masami Nonaka, Toshihiko Hirooka, Hitoshi Mukougawa, Masahiro Watanabe, Hisashi Nakamura","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-010","url":null,"abstract":"In summer 2023, record-high temperatures were observed in many parts of the Northern Hemisphere, including Japan, where summer-mean temperature was the highest over the last 126 years. Under an unprecedented heatwave in late July through September, record-high temperatures were successively observed particularly over northern and eastern Japan. The late-July heatwave is attributable primarily to the markedly-intensified North Pacific Subtropical High over Japan, accompanied by the poleward-deflected subtropical jet (STJ). This situation occurred under the influence of the Pacific–Japan pattern driven by northwestward-moving enhanced tropical convection over the western North Pacific and the Silk-Road pattern. The enhanced convection was influenced by upper-level cyclonic vortices detached from the intensified mid-Pacific trough. Seemingly, it was also under the remote influence from positive sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the western equatorial Pacific as well as negative ones in the central–eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, considered as remnant and delayed impacts of long-lasted La Niña until the preceding winter. The August heatwave occurred under the persistent poleward-shift of STJ as well as warm, moist low-level southerlies and their downslope-wind effects. Both extremely high SST around northern Japan and a long-term warming trend in air temperature could also contribute to the record-setting air temperature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of secondary eyewall formation in tropical cyclones revealed by sensitivity experiments on the mesoscale descending inflow 中尺度下降气流敏感性实验揭示的热带气旋次生眼墙形成机制

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-009

Kyohei Kasami, Masaki Satoh

引用次数: 0

Shallow Coastal Water Responses During the Near Landfall Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea 中国南海热带气旋近登陆强化过程中的浅层沿海水响应

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-008

Chunyi Xiang, Hironori Fudeyasu, Udai Shimada, Ryuji Yoshida

引用次数: 0

The SOLA Award in 2023 2023 年的 SOLA 奖

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.2151/sola2024-000.2

Tetsuya Takemi

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional structure of an equilibrium drop size distribution within a convective system in Japan 日本对流系统内平衡液滴大小分布的三维结构

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-007

Takashi Unuma

引用次数: 0

Semi-Continuous Measurements of Sulfate in Fine Particles in Central Japan: On High Concentration Events and Comparison with Measurement Concentrations by a Commercial Sulfate Monitor 日本中部细颗粒物中硫酸盐的半连续测量：关于高浓度事件以及与商用硫酸盐监测仪测量浓度的比较

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-006

Koichi Watanabe, Nobuhiro Yamazaki, Motoki Takeuchi, Hiroki Matsubara, Kensuke Fukai

{"title":"Semi-Continuous Measurements of Sulfate in Fine Particles in Central Japan: On High Concentration Events and Comparison with Measurement Concentrations by a Commercial Sulfate Monitor","authors":"Koichi Watanabe, Nobuhiro Yamazaki, Motoki Takeuchi, Hiroki Matsubara, Kensuke Fukai","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-006","url":null,"abstract":"At a site on the Sea of Japan side of central Japan, the concentrations of ionic components in PM2.5 were measured semi-continuously for about 15 months using filter collection and ion chromatography (filter method). Continuous measurements of sulfate particles were simultaneously performed in summer and autumn using a commercial sulfate monitor (Sulfate Particle Analyzer, SPA). High concentrations of sulfate ion (SO42−) were sometimes observed from spring to summer, and the high SO42− was thought to be due not only to trans-boundary pollution from the Asian continent but also the influence of volcanic plumes. A comparison between the SPA and the filter method showed that the sulfate concentrations measured by the SPA method tended to be about 20% lower than those by the filter method. High concentrations of sulfate particles were observed not only from volcanoes from the Kyushu District such as Sakurajima, but also from volcanic smoke derived from Nishinoshima in the Ogasawara Islands. In recent times, sulfate particles from volcanos may be important contributors to PM2.5 in Japan.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impacts of East Siberian blocking on the development of the JPCZ 东西伯利亚阻塞对联合边界控制区发展的影响

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-005

Akira Yamazaki, Shin Fukui, Shiori Sugimoto

{"title":"The impacts of East Siberian blocking on the development of the JPCZ","authors":"Akira Yamazaki, Shin Fukui, Shiori Sugimoto","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-005","url":null,"abstract":"Ensemble dynamical downscaling experiments were performed to investigate the influence of East Siberian blocking on a heavy snowfall event that occurred over Fukui City, Japan, in early February 2018 and was associated with the development of the Japan Sea Polar airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ). The downscaling experiments simulated the enhancement of the East Asian cold air stream and its flow along two routes: the western route, which runs from the Eurasian Continent via the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula; and the northern route, which originates in the Sea of Okhotsk and runs via the northern Japan Sea. As a result, the location and strength of the simulated JPCZ in the downscaling experiments are consistent with those in the Japanese regional reanalysis dataset. For the sensitivity experiments, the blocking that develops over East Siberia just prior to the formation of the JPCZ was removed, and the results indicate that the East Siberian blocking contributes significantly to JPCZ development by enhancing the East Asian cold air stream along the western route. Additional data analyses based on the 20-year reanalysis revealed that East Siberian blocking can enhance both the western and northern routes of the cold air streams.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluations of Actual and Adjusted Wind–Pressure Relationship of Tropical Cyclone Using Aircraft-Assisted Best Track Data 利用飞机辅助最佳路径数据评估热带气旋的实际风压与调整风压关系

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-004

Sho Arakane, Takeshi Horinouchi

引用次数: 0

The Environment and Precipitation Characteristics of Widespread Extreme Rainfall Events during the Akisame season 秋季大范围极端降雨事件的环境和降水特征

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-003

Aiko Narita, Yukari N. Takayabu

{"title":"The Environment and Precipitation Characteristics of Widespread Extreme Rainfall Events during the Akisame season","authors":"Aiko Narita, Yukari N. Takayabu","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-003","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the precipitation characteristics and disturbances of widespread heavy rainfall during the Akisame using meteorological data from the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, precipitation data from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS), the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data. First, in the climatological field during the Akisame, northward water vapor transports (WVTs) prevail over eastern Japan (EJPN) due to the eastward shift of the North Pacific subtropical high and the existence of an anticyclone over the continent. This situation differs from the Baiu. Under humid conditions during the Akisame, well-organized precipitation systems with large stratiform precipitation area accompanying strong convective precipitation bring heavy rainfall, as in the Baiu. Second, the analysis of widespread extreme precipitation events (WEPEs) conducted for the Baiu in WJPN (Baiu/WJPN) by Shibuya et al. (2021) is performed for 4 cases: Baiu/EJPN, Baiu/WJPN, Akisame/EJPN and Akisame/WJPN. In the composite of the Akisame/EJPN case, WVTs toward EJPN is enhanced by a northeast-southwest dipole structure of geopotential height anomaly. We newly revealed that WEPEs occur during the Akisame associated with the overlap of the climatological field with anomalous disturbances that are different from those in the Baiu.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microphysical Characteristics of Warm Convective Precipitation in Tokyo 东京暖对流降水的微物理特征

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Sola Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.2151/sola.2024-002

Ryohei Misumi, Yasushi Uji, Takeshi Maesaka

{"title":"Microphysical Characteristics of Warm Convective Precipitation in Tokyo","authors":"Ryohei Misumi, Yasushi Uji, Takeshi Maesaka","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-002","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally considered that warm rain is less likely to occur in urban areas where the air is polluted. However, heavy precipitation from shallow convective clouds is occasionally reported in Tokyo. In this study, we observed microphysical characteristics of warm convective precipitation in Tokyo on 19-20 August 2019 using an X-band polarimetric radar, a Ka-band radar, a cloud droplet spectrometer and an optical disdrometer. The radar reflectivity and the specific differential phase from the X-band radar tended to increase in the lower layers, suggesting accretion growth of raindrops. On the other hand, the differential reflectivity decreased in the lower layers, suggesting the presence of low concentrations of large raindrops near the echo top. According to range height indicators, precipitation clouds were composed of streak-like echoes. The Z-R relationship on the ground was close to that of the Marshall-Palmer raindrop size distribution. Mean cloud number concentration (Nc) was 370 cm−3, which was larger than the average of low-level clouds in Tokyo (213 cm−3). Parcel model simulations suggested that warm rain could be initiated when Nc < 1200 cm−3, although the threshold of Nc depends on the cloud base temperature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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