Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"CUSTOMS RELATED TO DOMESTIC GEESE AMONG THE BASHKIRS: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS","authors":"Zifa F. Khasanova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-193-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-193-199","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern life of the Bashkir population in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a large number of different beliefs, customs and rituals associated with poultry, including geese, have been preserved. Despite the fact that tyhe Bashkirs started poultry farming relatively late, domestic birds occupy an important place in their daily and ritual practice.
 
 The purpose of the article is to consider the customs associated with geese amongBashkirs, including the custom of collective help – kaҙ omahe and “kaҙ yula” (“Goose Road”), in the middle of the XX – beginning of the XXI century.
 
 Materials and methods. The article uses general scientific methods: scientific description, analysis and systematization of empirical material, as well as the comparative historical method. When conducting field research, traditional ethnographic methods were used: in-depth interview, observation, photo fixation. The article is based on historical and ethnographic studies on the ethnography of the Bashkirs and peoples of the Ural-Volga region, museum collections of Archeology and Ethnography Museum at the Institute of Ethnological Research named after R.G. Kuzeev of Ufa Federal Research Center under the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as field materials collected by the author in 2019, 2023 in southern, south-eastern, western, central regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Kuvandyksky district of Orenburg region.
 
 Results. The customs associated with domestic geese among the Bashkirs are analyzed from the point of view of traditionality and innovations, and the problems of preserving the rituals of kaҙ omahe and “kaҙ yula” in modern conditions are also examined. The author examines some parallels in ritualism among the peoples living next door to the Bashkirs (the Tatars, the Udmurts, the Kryashens).
 
 Conclusions. It is revealed that the rituals of kaҙ omahe and “kaҙ yula” with elements of collective help are firmly rooted in the ritual culture of the Bashkirs and have not lost their significance up to the present time. Currently, they are held in the north-western, western regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. According to a long-established custom, neighbors, relatives, unmarried girls are invited. Traditional food is set on the table: porridge cooked in goose fat, pancakes greased with the same fat, in some areas – noodle soup. As before, they give out ulyush (olosh – share). In some areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan in recent decades, the rite is carried out in the form of holidays-festivals.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMAGES OF THE FIRST PRIMAL FOREFATHERS OF THE HUNNO-BULGARS AND THEIR ETHNOGENETIC TRADITIONS","authors":"Vitaliy G. Rodionov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-122-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-122-131","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to trace the evolutionary path of the images of the primal forefathers of the Hunno-Bulgars and their descendants.
 
 Materials and methods. Ethnographic data from ancient and later sources were used, an ethnolinguistic and comparative approach to the study was applied. The etymological works of modern linguists-Turkologists are considered.
 
 Results. In this article, the word “primal forefather” refers to the “natural-ancestral divine essence” of Eastern (primarily Chinese) antiquity. The most ancient images of the Hunno-Bulgars’ primal forefathers were formed in the pre-Altai era. They reflected the surrounding world of ancient hunters, primarily the world of wild animals. People concluded an agreement on mutual donation with the ancestral primal forefather *taŋgïrï (“oath”, “deity”). In the era of contacts with the ancestors of the Chinese, the Huns (Xiongnu) began to represent their primal forefather as a celestial inhabitant, setting the world in motion by shifting the masculine and feminine principles. In different epochs of interrelations with the tribes of Eastern Iranians, the culture of the ancestors of the Bulgaro-Chuvash experienced the beneficial effect of their “animal style”. In the early Middle Ages, various narrative texts about the primal forefathers-giants and epic heroes-bogatyrs began to appear in their folk art. The ethnogenetic legends of the Chuvash eventually transformed into legends about the origin of their settlements.
 
 Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the images of the primal forefathers of the ancient ancestors of the Hunno-Bulgars and their descendants showed that these images were constantly evolving, gaining new features. At first they appeared to people in the guise of a sacred animal; a little later, instead of the leading animal, the primal forefather-hunter appears who finds new lands; then the Bulgarian plot of the ethnogenetic legend gradually turns into a narrative about an extraordinary giant hero, surprising with his physique and strength. The Turkic–speaking peoples of the Volga region and the Urals called such a hero Ulap/Alp, and the meadow Mari and the Udmurts – Onar and Alangasar.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDENTS OF CHUVASHIA HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ABOUT PATRIOTISM: GENDER ANALYSIS","authors":"Elena V. Plotnikova, Petr N. Matyushin, Evgeny V. Tkachenko, Svetlana B. Kharitonova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-113-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-113-121","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study determines the increasing importance of patriotism in education, primarily that of young people, including students. It is important both practically and theoretically to comprehend the role and the place of patriotism in the conditions of increasing confrontation with Western countries and ideologies. At this, it is important to take into account the multidimensional nature of this phenomenon, including the peculiarities of its gender perception.
 
 The purpose of the work is to analyze the opinions of Chuvashia students about patriotism, to identify the distinguishing characteristics of the responses given by boys and girls.
 
 Materials and methods. The analysis is based on data from a survey involving over 500 university students of Chuvashia, among whom 60% were girls, the remaining 40% were young people. The basis for the analysis seems to be quite representative. The obtained indicators will have not only theoretical, but also applied significance, since they will enable to choose more effective work strands with students, taking into account their gender characteristics. The processing of materials within the framework of the SPSS Statistics program makes it possible to take into account such aspects of the study.
 
 Study results. According to the respondents, the most distinctive feature of patriotism is love for one’s country. Conscious love for the Motherland, devotion to it – act as the basis of this political principle and social feeling. Further, the frequency of choice is followed by such answers as pride for the history of the country and readiness to defend it. In both cases, girls chose these options more often, especially in the first case. The elements of patriotic choice with a certain degree of conditionality can be divided into cognitive, emotional and active. Undoubtedly, they intersect, in each of them all three components are reflected, but the basic characteristics prevail.
 
 Conclusions. It follows from the data obtained that girls perceive to a greater extent such components of patriotism that are cognitive and emotional in nature, and young men – its effective component. At the same time, it is not necessary to draw rigid dividing lines between them, since some phenomena are perceived from different points of view, which we have tried to show in this article.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORIAN D.I. ILOVAISKY IN SCHOOL PRACTICE","authors":"Gennady N. Kocheshkov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-62-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-62-72","url":null,"abstract":"Russia has long been famous for the names of famous scientists, teachers who left a noticeable imprint in Russian history. A worthy place among them is occupied by D.I. Ilovaisky.
 
 The purpose of the study is to study the scientist’s creative heritage in the field of school historical education.
 
 Materials and methods. When working with historical works of D.I. Ilovaisky, as well as with his history textbooks for schoolchildren of different ages, both general scientific methods were used – analysis, synthesis, generalization, and special methods – historical-genetic, historical-comparative, which made it possible to objectively assess the contribution of a scientist and teacher to historical science.
 
 Study results. The main stages of D.I. Ilovaisky’s life path are analyzed as well as his formation as a professional historian, who proposed original, sometimes controversial theories that caused patchy responses in the historical community. The main historical works of the scientist were studied, in which the author substantiated in detail the so-called “Roksolan” theory of the ancient Russian state’s origin. The contribution of the scientist to the development of local lore is studied. The educational and methodological materials of D.I. Ilovaisky on history for schoolchildren are examined. The discussion among historians-practitioners about the textbooks of D.I. Ilovaisky is thoroughly considered. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the scientist’s position on the role of historical education in school practice.
 
 Conclusions. Comprehensive and complex analysis of the activities carried out by D.I. Ilovaisky in the field of school historical education makes it possible to understand and realize the importance of history as a science and as an academic discipline in forming the civic consciousness of the younger generation.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBO IN THE VOLUNTARY SPORTS SOCIETY “DINAMO” OF THE CHUVASH ASSR (1960s)","authors":"Aleksandr N. Urmaev, Andrey A. Danilov, Olga B. Kolesnikova, Denis A. Rukavishnikov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-151-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-151-159","url":null,"abstract":"The history of sambo, including in the force structures, reflects the entire history of domestic sports. A retrospective analysis of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” enables not only to eliminate some historical gaps, but also to identify a number of administrative and managerial decisions that contribute to the most effective and dynamic development of sambo as a sport.
 
 The purpose of the study is to specify the time limits of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR and to identify the conditions that ensure dynamism to the development of the domestic combat system in the Chuvash Republic. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it for the first time revealed the stages in sambo evolvement and development in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR, as well as the conditions that determine dynamism of its development in the republic.
 
 Materials and methods. In achieving this goal, such scientific methods as analysis, generalization and interpretation of data from archival sources, publications in periodicals and Internet resources were used. At this, the main materials of the study were data from the state archive of modern history of the Chuvash Republic and publications in the periodical press.
 
 Study results. A brief historical overview covering evolvement and development of sambo in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR during the 1960s is presented. Some statistical data are given that give an idea of the dynamics of sambo development in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR. Based on the philosophical categories and categories of the general theory of systems, the time limits of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR are specified, and a number of conditions characterizing dynamism of its development are theoretically substantiated. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained supplement the regional history with information about sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR; personalities who influenced and contributed to the progressive and dynamic promotion of sambo in the force structures of the Chuvash ASSR in the 1960s. They can be used to prepare a course on the history of physical culture and sports in the Chuvash Republic, as well as be taken into account in the development of a number of management decisions aimed at ensuring dynamism of the development of sambo as a sport. The obtained research results can serve as a basis for conducting similar studies covering the period of the 1970s and 1980s, as a result, it will be possible to carry out a comparative ","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGE OF THE LADYBUG AMONG THE PEOPLES OF THE URAL-VOLGA REGION","authors":"Alexander S. Ilikaev","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the mythological image of a ladybug among the Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic ethnic groups of the Ural-Volga region.
 
 The purpose of the study is to reveal some of the origins of this mythologeme among the peoples of the region.
 
 Materials and methods. The work mainly used the comparative historical method, as well as field studies. The materials drawn from the scientific literature on this subject, the author’s field studies, were supplemented with the materials of explanatory and etymological dictionaries, compared and analyzed.
 
 Results. As a result of the research, the author revealed the following picture. The basis of the ladybug’s mythological image is likely to be made by animistic-totemic beliefs. So one of the Chuvash names of the insect deserves attention – “bird of the top”. Perhaps in the past, the ladybug could act as a totem-the progenitor of individual family lines. Among Russians, Udmurts, Mari, Bashkirs, the ancient image is concretized through the concept of “god” or the name of a certain deity (Marena, Inmar, Kilchin, Invu-mums, Kuaz, Humo).
 
 Conclusions. It is worth agreeing with the researchers of the topic that among the Russians the ladybug is equated, as a rule, with the concept of a heavenly god, among the Mordvins and the Udmurts – with rain, water, among the Chuvash, the Tatars and the Bashkirs – with rainless weather and the sun. The latter may be due to the fact that in ancient Turkic mythology, the idea of the “primordial nature of heaven and earth” played an important role. On the contrary, the cosmogonic myths of the Finno-Ugric peoples anyhow include an element of the water primordiate. The Russian and Udmurt materials, as the researchers note, go back to the mythologeme of heavenly flocks. Some Udmurt and Mari materials are probably calques from the Russian language or motifs associated with a Proto-Indo-European source. At the same time, as the author of the article believes, in Mari mythology, the connection of the ladybug with wet young grass, forest, with water primordial, bottom (the earth, as opposed to the heaven), the creation of the world from an egg and a “heavenly wedding” is traced. The association of the ladybug with rainless weather can be traced mainly among the mountain Mari. The originality of the image of the “Mari” ladybug, as the author sees it, can be explained by the fusion of both Turkic and Finno-Ugric traditions. The author also believes that the ideas of the Udmurts and the Mari people about the “Inmar/Kylchina/Kuazya/Yumo cow” could have arisen independently on the basis of an already existing idea of bulls (cows) or horses of the heavenly god. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to another, perhaps Central Asian, source of legends about the animal-the messenger of God. This refers to the legend of the “eaten book”, common among the Russians, the Mari, the Udmurts, the Chuvash and the Tatars.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BELIEFS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS AND THE HISTORICAL ANCESTORS OF THE CHUVASH","authors":"Anton K. Salmin","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-132-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-132-139","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the publication is explained by the need to strengthen research on the ethnic history of the Chuvash people. The study of traditional beliefs is closely connected with the history of the ethnos. In other words, there is always a need to take into account the chronology, region and dynamics of the material under study. That is why the researcher cannot do without comparative passages with the sources of historical neighbors. Moreover, the analysis should be conducted in a unified bundle of “time–space”. Although there are studies in this direction, they are clearly not sufficient to make the arguments put forward more convincing.
 
 The purpose of the study is to identify and show the identity of the main components contained in the traditional rituals and beliefs of the peoples of the Caucasus and the historical ancestors of the Chuvash.
 
 The scientific novelty of the article lies in the primacy of formulating the topic under study.
 
 Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on the comparative historical approach. For this purpose, the materials of the traditional (= folk) beliefs of the peoples under study are used. The topic under discussion is studied taking into account new sources and the most notable publications that appeared in the XVIII–XXI centuries.
 
 Results. The analysis of materials and research on the topic under study is carried out in two sections – “The peoples of the Southern Caucasus” and “Proper Caucasian storylines”. The recorded and preserved traces of parallels between the historical ancestors of the Chuvash and the peoples of the Caucasus are analyzed. For example, the coincidence between the Armenian name of the deity Torg/Tork/Turk and the Chuvash Tor/Tur, the Elam-Assyrian spirit Lamassu/Lamastu and the Chuvash Alpasta, the Ararat deity Kuera and the Chuvash Kӑvar. The work also explores the ritual traditions of the Caucasian and Chuvash peoples that completely coincide in content.
 
 Conclusions. Similarities, parallels and even direct coincidences of traditional Chuvash beliefs with Transcaucasian and Caucasian storylines indicate that the historical ancestors of the Chuvash inhabited the territory within the limits of the Anterior Asia – the North Caucasus.
 
 The author sees the practical significance of the research in understanding the histories of the peoples of the Caucasus and the Volga region.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHNOCULTURAL IDENTITY OF CHUVASHIA STUDENTS: ACCORDING TO SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS","authors":"Ivan I. Boyko, Aleksandr V. Grigor’ev, Olga V. Karpova, Alina L. Muzyakova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-13-21","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of understanding modern ethno-cultural processes within the meaning of published data of 2020 All-Russian Population Census.
 
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of ethno–cultural self-determination of the student youth of Chuvashia, including when choosing ethnicity and native languages.
 
 Materials and methods. The analysis of ethno-cultural identity was based on the opportunity for each individual to choose belonging to one or another culture or to several at the same time. This approach in the Russian science was put forward by V.A. Tishkov and supported by many domestic researchers. At the same time, some of them do not consider the principle of multiculturalism to be real. The material was obtained during a survey involving over 500 students studying at three Cheboksary universities. The processing was carried out using the SPSS Statistics program. Unconditional and conditional distributions were calculated, which made it possible to identify noticeable interdependencies between the components of the ethno-cultural image.
 
 Study results. The ethnic composition of the students who participated in the survey was not limited to individual nationalities. Almost a fifth of respondents declared themselves as belonging to two ethnic cultures, in the conditions of Chuvashia it was about simultaneously classifying themselves as the Russians and the Chuvash. A complex linguistic identity was even more pronounced, when over a third of the respondents replied that not one, but two languages, namely Russian and Chuvash, are native to them. The survey materials once again confirmed that the situation with the use of the Chuvash language, including by the Chuvash, is quite complicated, especially for non-domestic communication.
 
 Conclusions. The data of the next survey of Chuvashia students once again confirmed that for many of them the choice of a complex ethnic and linguistic identity is becoming common. Preserving the Chuvash language to a greater extent should be carried out through family traditions supported by public and state structures.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE MATERIALS OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE’S COMMISSARS OF THE CHUVASH ASSR ON THE MAIN ACTIVITIES DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR","authors":"Aleksey V. Karpov, Svetlana Yu. Mikhailova, Alina L. Muzyakova, Mikhail Yu. Kharitonov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-53-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-53-61","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of research. During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet public administration system was subjected to a severe test for strength and viability. The activities of national regulatory and administrative authorities were primarily aimed at meeting the wartime needs. One of the most important mechanisms for its implementation was state record-keeping. The historical experience of its transformation in extreme conditions seems to be in demand in modern life realities, taking into account the identified gaps in historical knowledge. The scientific novelty lies in the very formulation of the problem. For the first time, data from archival sources are linked to the issues of restructuring the organization of paperwork management at the level of a Soviet regional government institution in 1941–1945. \u0000 \u0000The purpose of the study is to analyze the main activities carried out by the Council of People’s Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR and the process of their documentation support during the Great Patriotic War. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods. The work is based on the source studies analysis of business correspondence documents of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR, stored as part of the fund P-203 at the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic. \u0000 \u0000Study results. In 1941–1945 the documentation support of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR was carried out the General Affairs Department. In military conditions, it was designed to ensure prompt transmission of information through business correspondence, which was dominated by telegrams and telephone messages. They reflected actual problems of the main activity carried out by the government of the autonomous Republic: in June 1941–1942 – calling specialists, providing the transportation service with transport and fuel, supplying the Red Army, constructing new enterprises in the rear, and others; in 1943 – in the spring of 1945 – restoring the economy of the western regions of the USSR liberated from occupation, improving urban and rural settlements, etc. others. Throughout the war, special attention was paid to working with citizens’ appeals related to the protection of their legitimate rights and interests. The business correspondence also included issues of organizing the paperwork management in the region. Along with this, there were significant changes in the style of presenting the content of business correspondence materials. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions. During the Great Patriotic War, the current agenda of the activities carried out by the government of the Chuvash ASSR changed dramatically, which strongly depended on the development of the situation at the front. The efficiency of the organizing the records management processes in the work of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR noticeably increased. The ethics of business communication significantly transformed, which was specifically reflected in the business correspondence of the period under","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASTRAKHAN BROTHERHOOD OF SAINTS CYRIL AND METHODIUS: TO THE HISTORY OF CREATION","authors":"Elizaveta M. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the process of organizing the Cyril and Methodius society of devotees of faith, enlightenment and morality in the spirit of the Holy Orthodox Church in the Astrakhan governorate at the end of the XIX century. The border regions of the country, to which the Astrakhan governorate belonged, were distinguished by confessional heterogeneity. In the region beginning from the XVII century, a significant percentage of the population was made by Old Believers, schismatics, sectarians of various kinds appeared here. Such a state in the region persisted in the XIX century, which was overlaid by new trends in the secularization of society, the spread of atheistic ideas. The intensification of schismatic and sectarian movements in the second half of the XIX century required expanding and deepening the missionary activity on the part of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Astrakhan governorate. For this purpose, the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius was established in the region, officially called the “Astrakhan Cyril and Methodius society of devotees of faith, enlightenment and morality in the spirit of the Holy Orthodox Church”.
 
 The main purpose of the presented research is a retrospective and problem-chronological analysis of the main stages in the formation of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Astrakhan governorate at the end of the XIX century.
 
 Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the reports of Cyril and Methodius society of devotees of faith, enlightenment and morality in the spirit of the Holy Orthodox Church and the diocesan papers using historical-genetic, retrospective, problem-chronological methods, the main institutionalisation stages of Cyril and Methodius Society, created to help the diocese for missionary work in the region, are considered.
 
 Study results. Based on the analysis of the source materials in the periodical press and accounting documents, the main milestones in institutionalisation of Cyril and Methodius society of devotees of faith, enlightenment and morality in the spirit of the Holy Orthodox Church at the end of the XIX century in the Astrakhan governorate are investigated. The main reasons and factors that predetermined the need to create the Orthodox Brotherhood are considered, among which the prevalence of Molokanism teachings, schismatics and various religious sects in the Astrakhan Region was predominant. The need to activate the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the region for the Orthodox-Christian education of local residents is emphasized. The first steps in the formation of Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood are considered, starting with the opening of a Brotherhood for conducting missionary conversations with Molokans in the town of Tsarev in Astrakhan governorate, the center of concentration of Molokans. The activity of Astrakhan Holy Trinity Brotherhood at the cathedral as an intermediate link in the formatio","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}