Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"MATERIALS ON TRADITIONAL EMBROIDERY OF THE MARI PEOPLE IN THE HANDWRITTEN HERITAGE OF T.E. EVSEEV","authors":"Nadezhda A. Vaskanova, Ananii G. Ivanov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-22-28","url":null,"abstract":"Timofey Evseevich Evseev (Evsevyev) is a well-known Mari ethnographer-collector, local historian, folklorist, who made a significant contribution to preserve and study the Mari traditional culture in the first third of the twentieth century. The museum collections that he collected on the material and spiritual culture of the Mari are the most valuable source for studying the ethnography and history of the Mari Region.
 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the collection of manuscripts by T.E. Evseev on Mari traditional embroidery, collected during collecting and field activities in the 1905–1930s.
 
 Materials and methods. The research uses the methods of archival documents and museum accounting documentation analysis, the historical-comparative, historical-typological and quantitative methods. The handwritten documents of T.E. Evseev have been preserved in the fund of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El named after T. Evseev, giving the opportunity to recreate the history of completing the museum with samples of Mari traditional embroidery in the first third of the XX century.
 
 Study results. The article provides valuable information about the collecting and field work performed by Timofey Evseevich Evseev during his pedagogical and museum activities. The main stages in his ethnographic surveys of Mari villages in order to collect handwritten and tangible material on Mari traditional embroidery are identified. The role of domestic and foreign ethnologists and museum specialists in forming the ethnographic collections of the Mari Regional Museum on the topic of embroidery is noted. On the basis of preserved manuscripts, accounting and clerical documents of T.E. Evseev, the article presents a quantitative analysis of museum collections of the first third of the XX century; the types of collected samples of traditional embroidery among various ethnoterritorial groups of meadow Mari are characterized.
 
 Conclusions. Materials on Mari traditional embroidery presented in the handwritten heritage of T.E. Evseev are the most valuable source for studying the development of traditional embroidery among various ethnoterritorial groups of the Mari and can be used to create exposition and exhibition spaces, to prepare museum catalogues and to develop museum and educational programs on the history and ethnography of the Mari people.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«REGULATION ON FOREST PRESERVATION» AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN KAZAN GOVERNORATE IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY","authors":"Aleksander A. Filonov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-170-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-170-181","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century the development of forestry in Russia, including Kazan governorate, was to a certain extent determined by the state policy in this area and forest legislation then in force.
 
 The purpose of the study is to characterize the content of the “Regulations on Forest Preservation” dated 1888 and to analyze its implementation in the territory of Kazan governorate.
 
 Materials and methods. The work carried out is mainly based on the analysis of previously unknown archival documents extracted from the fund of Kazan Governorate Forest Protection Committee of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan and the fund of the Forest Department of the Russian State Historical Archive. Materials from published sources and scientific literature on forestry issues were also used. The research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency.
 
 Study results. The “Regulation” paid the main attention to proper management of the economy in protective and water-conserving forests. They were subject to mandatory saving from exhaustion and extermination. At the beginning of the XX century there were more than 200 such protective forest estates in Kazan governorate. Direct control over the forest resources conservation in the governorate was conducted by Kazan Forest Protection Committee, which was assisted by the ranks of the state forest administration, forest guards, police and other institutions. The number of forest estates subject to the forest protection law in Kazan province increased significantly over time. This was accompanied by the establishment of state control, primarily over the forests of private individuals and peasant rural societies, clear regulation of the volume and order of forest use, reforestation and other fundamental aspects of forestry. Gradually, the effect of the “Regulation” spread to almost the entire forest area of the governorate, regardless of the category of forest owners.
 
 Conclusions. In general, implementation of the “Regulation on Forest Preservation” had, undoubtedly, a positive impact on the condition and development of forest protection legislation and Russia’s forest industry, including Kazan governorate of the period under review.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS IN THE CONFESSIONAL STRUCTURE OF KAZAN GOVERNORATE IN THE XVIII–XIX CENTURIES","authors":"Leonid A. Taimasov, Nikolai N. Petrenko","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-140-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-140-150","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the history of ethno-cultural interactions in a multiethnic society is of scientific and practical interest.
 
 The purpose of the study is to examine the historical conditions and factors of the penetration and spread of Catholics and Protestants in the Kazan governorate in the XVIII–XIX centuries, to analyze the features of social and intercultural communications.
 
 Materials and methods. The article is based on the analysis of literary and documentary materials. The main sources of research were archival documents, legal acts, materials of censuses, periodicals. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are made using the chronological, typological methods, institutional and cultural-anthropological approaches.
 
 Study results. Catholics and Protestants penetrated the Kazan governorate in the XVIII–XIX centuries from the countries of Western Europe. The historical conditions of their resettlement were the development of the Russian Empire, the development of new territories, the need for qualified personnel in various spheres of state and public activity. The reasons for the relocation were due to wars, social movements, as well as voluntary departure of foreigners to the Russian regions for the purpose of employment, temporary or permanent residence. Catholics, represented mainly by Poles, more often adhered to religious traditions, while Protestants, due to greater simplicity of their cult, less ritualism, simplified apologetics, more actively interacted with the Orthodox population, exerting a certain influence on it. Western Christians had a high social status, were employed in government, military service, in the fields of science and education, healthcare, trade, etc. Despite their relative small number, Catholics and Protestants have left a noticeable mark on the history and culture of the multi-ethnic region. The interaction between the Russian Orthodox Church and other traditional confessions with Catholicism and Protestantism was carried out on the basis of Russian legislation, which regulated their religious and social activities, prohibited missionary work among Russian subjects.
 
 Conclusions. During the period under review, the religious diversity of Kazan governorate was supplemented by Western Christian confessions and denominations, making it even more mosaic. Resettlement of Catholics and Protestants was caused by political, economic, socio-cultural reasons. The dynamics of the quantitative and qualitative composition of Western Christians depended on the historical conditions in Europe and Russia. Tsarism supported resettlement of foreigners, created the legal basis for their residence and professional activity, respected freedom of religion, but forbade converting Russian citizens into their faith. The results of the study make a definite contribution to the study of ethno–confessional processes in Kazan governorate in the XVIII-XIX centuries, enabling to better understa","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW AND MODIFIED ELEMENTS IN THE MORDOVIAN COSTUME OF THE XIII–XV CENTURIES","authors":"Yuri A. Zeleneev","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"In any ethnic group a costume is part of the ethnic characteristics of the people. Along with other elements, it distinguishes one nation from its neighbors.
 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze accentuating a decorative complex and clarify the dating of its existence.
 
 Materials and methods. The main source base of the research is archaeological sources both published in various periodicals and collected in original reports stored in the Field Research Department of the Archaeology Institute under the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research is based on the principle of historicism, the typological archaeological one and the method of ethnic correspondence.
 
 Study results. The Mordovian costume preserves almost all the elements of the decorative complex that existed in the previous period. The only exception is made by the temporal pendants with a weight, which remain an ethnic marker of the Mordovian people since the moment of the Mordovian culture’s emergence until the XIII century. The rest of the complex, although not as bright as in the previous time, remains almost the same in terms of the set of decorations. Only their forms change along with the change of the entire cultural image, which is chronological in nature. Breast ornaments and hand ornaments are preserved. Temporal pendants give way to temporal rings.
 
 Conclusions. The opinion that the Mordovian culture of the XIII–XV centuries is declining is not justified. During this period, the objective process of its development continues, which in the second half of the 30s of the XIII century due to historical events received a new vector. The highest prosperity of the Mordovian culture of the time under consideration dates back to the middle of the XIV century, which corresponds both to the ecological and political situation in Eastern Europe. The XIII–XV centuries are a new stage in the development of the Mordovian culture, which can be seen on the example of the metal decor. The chronology of the decorative complex in the Mordovian costume of the Golden Horde period needs clarification, which is partially done in this article.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CIVIL AND REGIONAL IDENTITY OF CHUVASHIA STUDENTS: ETHNIC ASPECTS","authors":"Ivan I. Boyko, Aleksey V. Karpov, Irina V. Muravyeva, Vladimir G. Tkachenko","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of strengthening the general civil Russian identity in new historical conditions.
 
 The purpose of the study is to examine the features of general civil and regional identity of Chuvashia students depending on their ethnicity, to identify common and special in the choice of the Chuvash, the Russians and people with complex ethnic identity.
 
 Materials and methods. The authors rely on the method of studying identity developed in relation to the Russian practice by V.A. Tishkov, L.M. Drobizheva, M.K. Gorshkov, M.N. Guboglo and other researchers. The study is based on the constructivist approach. The empirical material is composed by data from a survey involving 517 students of the Chuvash State University, the Chuvash State Pedagogical University and the Chuvash State Agrarian University conducted in March 2023. The processing was carried out using the SPSS Statistics program.
 
 Study results. The data obtained indicate a significant commitment of the student youth to the all-Russian self-determination, which is typical for respondents of different nationalities. At the same time, differences were recorded, for example, the Russians more often choose general civil identity, and the Chuvash – the regional one. The position of students with a complex ethnic identity occupies the place between the Chuvash and the Russians.
 
 Conclusions. It should be noted that an important element of the student youth’s self-consciousness is a high level of commitment to the general civil Russian identity. The difference between representatives of different nationalities is determined not by ideological positions, but by the peculiarities of ethno-cultural development. At this, it should be borne in mind that identities are characterized by active dynamics, they are not contradictory, but complementary to each other.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATRONS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TALANTSEV BROTHERS TO ITS DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Elizaveta M. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-94-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-94-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the contribution of famous entrepreneurs of the Chuvash region, the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich and Zinovy Mikhailovich – to the development of the education system in the late XIX – early XX century.
 
 In pre-revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the XX century, charitable activities are expanding in the business environment. A considerable part of the country’s educated business elite considered it inhumane and undignified to do business only for the sake of making a profit and tried to direct part of their funds to charity. Alms-houses, shelters for the elderly and children, hospitals and night shelters were opened at their expense. Sponsorship of educational institutions of various levels occupied a significant place in the patronage of such entrepreneurs. Such entrepreneurs included well-known merchants and production workers, the Talantsev brothers. Studying the experience of their charitable activities in the education system makes it possible to assess the contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of education in the region, to understand the spirit of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Russia.
 
 The main purpose of the research is to study the contribution of the Talantsev brothers, well-known entrepreneurs and patrons in the Volga region, to the development of education in the Chuvash Region and beyond.
 
 Materials and methods. The main methods for the analysis were historical-genetic, problem-chronological and retrospective methods, which made it possible, based on the methodological principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity, to analyze source materials – archival documents and special scientific literature on the subject, to comprehensively consider the problems posed.
 
 Study results. Based on a systematic analysis of source materials, the article discusses the first steps in the charitable activities of Yadrin entrepreneurs, known far beyond the Chuvash Region – the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich, Zinovy Mikhailovich – at the end of the late XIX – early XX century XIX century. The contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of primary and primary vocational education at the beginning of the late XIX – early XX century XX century is studied. Their role in opening a non-classical secondary school and a girls’ gymnasium in Yadrin aimed at forming needful vocational and gymnasium education in the region is analyzed. The main forms and directions of sponsor support in the field of education by patrons of the Talantsevs were studied. The role of the youngest of the brothers, Z.M. Talantsev, in opening Nizhny Novgorod People’s University, in the evolvement of its chemical faculty is considered.
 
 Conclusion. The conclusion is made about a worthy contribution of well-known large entrepreneurs in the Volga region, patrons the Talantsev brothers to the de","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PRACTICE OF CARING FOR THE ELDERLY POPULATION AND PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES","authors":"Yuliya A. Olkhovskaya","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the review is to analyze the practices of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments in the focus of the XXI century among the peoples of different countries.
 
 Materials and methods. Using the method of scientometric analysis, 20 articles from WoS and Scopus on historical anthropology, demography, and social security were studied. The information is synthesized and taken in accordance with the purpose of the study.
 
 Results. Learning the transformation in the practices of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments is a relevant interdisciplinary direction in anthropology. The relevance of the topic is emphasized by current demographic changes, the evolution of cultural values and modernization of care systems for the older generation. The data obtained show the evolution of society in relation to the elderly population with possible mental disorders. The selected models of care contribute to understanding the trends in the development of the society. For Europe, significant partners as a source of care in old age and the existence of “Money for care” and “Kind care” schemes, organized individual and family consultations by phone or ad hoc. In Canadian society, according to existing government programs, the emphasis in palliative care is placed on long-term care homes. Assistance in Africa is becoming a collective responsibility of family members, with frequent use of biomedical and non-medical methods of treatment. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are characterized by a fragmented system of facilitation and assistance to older people.
 
 Conclusions. The author notes social isolation of the older generation and the state unpredictability of using the knowledge resource as intellectual capital in the economy. At the same time, there is a timely response of the UN to the ongoing demographic processes and promotion of the WHO program to create the concept of a “city favorable for older people”. Properly organized guardianship will help the elderly to maintain self-esteem. The demographic and economic processes taking place in the historical moment are changing the attitude of society to this problem.
 
 The author expects that a positive orientation of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments observed in the XXI century will not change its course.
 
 The information provided in this article is useful for specialists working in the field of history, sociology, healthcare, guardianship, etc., as well as in the framework of improving information support in the specialty 5.6.4. Ethnology, anthropology and ethnography.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOLVING THE HOUSING PROBLEM IN THE USSR, THE USA AND EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"Aleksandr E. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-73-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-73-84","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the article is due to the constant peoples’ need for a better and more comfortable housing, a convenient urban environment. Historically, we often turn to the past experience of solving the housing problem in our country, often not paying attention to the ways that other countries used. The presented article is intended to fill this gap.
 
 The purpose of the study is to review and compare the process of post-war housing restoration in the USSR, the USA and Europe on the example of France. This makes it possible to identify positive and negative aspects of various approaches to urban planning.
 
 Materials and methods. The presented article is based on the study of scientific literature, archival materials, periodicals. The research is based on publicly available sources, including foreign ones; some of them are translated for the first time. At this, both universal scientific and particular methods of historical research are used: the concrete historical method, comparative analysis.
 
 Study results. The article brings to light the history of development and shows different ways of solving housing problems that arose as a result of the Second World War in the states with different economic conditions and political systems at the time of the end of the war.
 
 Conclusions. Every city, every country has its own problems. In each specific situation, in different historical periods, only the set of these problems, their depth and severity of manifestation change. To be successful in solving these problems, it is important to be able to analyze and summarize the experience of different countries, see the positive and negative aspects in their solutions and use combinations of the best methods.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MATERIALS OF FIELD RESEARCH ON FAMILY AND MARRIAGE RELATIONS OF THE MEADOW AND MOUNTAIN MARI","authors":"Nadezhda A. Vaskanova, Ananii G. Ivanov","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive studying the topic of family and marriage is one of the relevant and important trends in ethnology. Some aspects of the family and marriage problems of the Mari people have not yet been fully investigated and require further scientific development.
 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze family and marriage relations among the meadow and the mountain Mari in the 1950s and 1970s on the basis of field materials collected by the authors during ethnographic expeditions in Gornomariysky, Zvenigovsky and Morkinsky districts of the Republic of Mari El in 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022.
 
 Materials and methods. The research is based on diary and audio recordings, field materials and material sources collected as a result of expedition surveys of Mari villages, as well as archival materials stored in the fund of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El named after T. Evseev. During the study of the stated topic, the authors used the methods of survey, observation, questioning, interviews, as well as methods of analyzing the obtained field information, the historical-comparative, historical-typological and quantitative methods.
 
 Study results. The article presents the results of the analyzing the development of family and marriage relations among the mountain Mari and the Volga group (Sharpan-Nashmakan) meadow Mari in the 1950s–1970s on the basis of field expedition materials. Collecting, processing of ethnographic information and their systematization made it possible for the authors to identify some local features of mountain-Mari weddings, to determine the seasonality of meadow-Mari weddings, the specific ratio of primary marriages and re-marriages, to study the marriage district, to characterize mixed interethnic families and to determine the average marriage age at the time under consideration.
 
 Conclusions. The obtained data on the marriage age, the seasonality of marriages, the marriage district, the proportion of mono-ethnic and interethnic families have a valuable scientific significance for determining the features of the development and evolution of family-marriage relations among different ethno-territorial groups of the Mari people. The study showed that the most archaic ceremonial elements associated with the organization of matchmaking, conditional preparation of dowry and its redemption, holding a wedding in two days in compliance with certain folk customs, maintained their stable existence among the meadow and mountain Mari in the 1950s and 1970s.","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: TRENDS, PROBLEMS","authors":"Valentina G. Kharitonova","doi":"10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-182-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-3-182-192","url":null,"abstract":"Migration processes in Russia and its regions at the present stage are an urgent object of study by specialists in the humanities due to their scale and consequences associated with the demographic development of the country. Regional historiography also focused on the aspects of migration situation related to population decline. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive historical analysis of the migration situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2001–2020, which makes it possible to identify the features and conditional periods of migration in the region.
 
 The purpose of the research is to study the processes, scales and models of migration behavior of Chuvashia’s population, taking into account socio–demographic parameters, to identify trends and problems. Migration of the population is considered in connection with the processes of ethno-cultural development and the state of interethnic relations. Attention is paid to the study of the population’s attitude to migration and migrants.
 
 Materials and methods. The main sources of the study were statistical and archival data, official documents, the results of sociological surveys, media materials. The dynamics of the population’s attitude to migration processes is based on the results of sociological surveys of the Republic’s population, which have a monitoring nature. Migration of the population was assessed using statistical data analysis, the method of mass questioning was used in sociological surveys. Migration processes are characterized taking into account historical-comparative and problem methods.
 
 Study results. A number of factors affecting migration processes and changing migration behavior of the population have been identified in the region. The main ones remain socio-economic factors, changes in the ethno-cultural image of society. Social aspects are relevant and come to the forefront in the issues of integration of migrants and their interaction in the host community. The migration situation in the republic is quite complicated: a migration decline in the population is observed. Intensive temporary migrations of the Republic’s population result in pronounced social consequences in the context of the socio-demographic development of the Republic and its society. Young people show the most active readiness for migration. Among the trends in interethnic relations that cause certain wariness, a restrained attitude towards migrants should be noted, which manifests itself over a long period of time.
 
 Conclusions. Migration processes of the Republic’s population have both positive and negative consequences. Most residents of Chuvashia perceive migrants as potentially dangerous, firstly, from the point of view of increased competition in the labor market, and secondly, as people with their own traditions and customs who do not really respect local ethno-cultural characteristics. The issues of migration loss of the population","PeriodicalId":494687,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Čuvašskogo universiteta","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135294728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}