Studies in History and Philosophy of Science最新文献

Narratives of contingency and practices of comparing in the emergence of German molecular genetics (1958–1968) 德国分子遗传学兴起过程中的偶然性叙述和比较实践（1958-1968 年）。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.010

{"title":"Narratives of contingency and practices of comparing in the emergence of German molecular genetics (1958–1968)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores the emergence of molecular approaches in German genetic research during the 1958–1968 decade as a period of contingency and alternative possibilities. We introduce “Narratives of Contingency” as an analytical framework to examine how scientists construct a specific narrative - linking past experiences with expectations of future conditions - in order to outline and navigate pathway-decisions in the present.</p><p>We apply this framework to Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's developmental model of molecular genetics and illustrate how the stages he identifies - the direction of the field, institutional developments, and epistemological demarcations - were already central themes in the comparative practices underlying narratives of contingency in this early period. Narratives of contingency can thus serve as a systematic framework for analyzing the processes through which new scientific fields, institutions, and epistemic horizons emerge, and possibly also for identifying historically plausible fork moments or alternative pathways not taken.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001080/pdfft?md5=9915e902d5f4926159c22accf940a245&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positivist or post-positivist philosophy of science? The left Vienna Circle and Thomas Kuhn 实证主义还是后实证主义科学哲学？左翼维也纳圈和托马斯-库恩。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.003

{"title":"Positivist or post-positivist philosophy of science? The left Vienna Circle and Thomas Kuhn","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The debate between the revisionist and received views of the relationship between Thomas Kuhn and logical empiricism has until now focused on the relationship between Kuhn and Rudolf Carnap. Here, I consider the relationship between Kuhn and two other members of the Vienna Circle's left-wing; Otto Neurath and Philipp Frank. It is argued that the attribution of the historical turn in philosophy of science to Kuhn obscures the historical awareness displayed in important works by members of the Vienna Circle, and thereby distorts its legacy. Both Frank and Neurath recognised the role for history in theorizing about science, and drawing upon these insights lead them to considerations of scientific theory-choice, rational disagreement, and the role of extra-scientific values in science, that anticipate those later made famous by Kuhn. It is also argued that the Left-Vienna Circle's programme for Unified Science, the replacement of traditional philosophy with a bipartite metatheory of science, provides a clearer and potentially more radical role for the history of science within the philosophy of science than Kuhn's. To reach this conclusion, it is demonstrated that some members of the Vienna Circle maintained a far less robust distinction between contexts of discovery and justification than has typically been attributed to them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001237/pdfft?md5=66f508b1903138c86df4de3fece39e44&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical concepts as goal-derived concepts 作为目标衍生概念的理论概念

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.004

引用次数: 0

Ancient Greek laws of nature 古希腊自然法则

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.010

{"title":"Ancient Greek laws of nature","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevailing narrative in the history of science maintains that the ancient Greeks did not have a concept of a ‘law of nature’. This paper overturns that narrative and shows that some ancient Greek philosophers did have an idea of laws of nature and, moreover, they referred to them as ‘laws of nature’. This paper analyzes specific examples of laws of nature in texts by Plato, Aristotle, Philo of Alexandria, Nicomachus of Gerasa, and Galen. These examples emerged out of the closely intertwined Platonic and Pythagorean traditions, and these philosophers' texts make reference to laws of nature when describing arithmetical methods, arithmological doctrines, or medical theories. Nicomachus' laws of nature are especially noteworthy, because they have features that historians look for in the search for the origin of the modern concept of laws of nature. Nicomachus' laws of nature are mathematical, universal, and necessary. This paper raises the possibility that the ancient Platonic and Pythagorean traditions influenced the subsequent development of the idea of laws of nature in medieval and early modern Europe, including the conception of laws of nature deployed by Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003936812400058X/pdfft?md5=ba88c7f0724ed3e81ace93bb82d9a460&pid=1-s2.0-S003936812400058X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mary Hesse on the role of the human imagination in the philosophy and practice of science 玛丽-黑塞：人类想象力在科学哲学和科学实践中的作用

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.001

{"title":"Mary Hesse on the role of the human imagination in the philosophy and practice of science","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although Mary Hesse remains an influential figure within the history of the philosophy of science her reflections on the role of the human imagination in science have, to date, been mostly neglected. In her first, and often overlooked monograph—<em>Science and the Human Imagination</em>—Hesse described the imagination as composed of four dimensions. Defined as the historical, the critical, the fertile and the creative imagination, these dimensions played, for Hesse, various roles in both the philosophy and practice of science.</p><p>Suffice to say, Hesse's discussion of the role of the imagination in science challenges the idea that philosophy and science are logically determined forms of practice through an appeal, as will be argued, to Immanuel Kant's seminal reflections on the ‘indispensable function’ of the imagination. Accordingly, a detailed elucidation of <em>Science and the Human Imagination</em> not only situates Hesse's reflections within the long history of the philosophy of the imagination; it revitalises anew contemporary debates on the role of the imagination in the philosophy and practice of science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001067/pdfft?md5=ffe213b64488c338ac85112f84efc855&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pursuit-worthy research in health: Three examples and a suggestion 有追求的健康研究：三个例子和一项建议

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.001

{"title":"Pursuit-worthy research in health: Three examples and a suggestion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper, in a nutshell, is a plea for community participation in research along with an adapted idea for how such participation should be shaped and understood. I will give varied examples of the ways in which scientists viewing a perceived problem solely from an external perspective has led to mistakes. If we do not properly take into account the knowledge and values of people with a condition, we are liable to pursue the wrong sorts of treatments. In particular, I provide examples of three ways (exemplified in the cases of “female hysteria”, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome) scientists are liable to pursue treatment of what they perceive to be at least partially mental illnesses that they/we shouldn't. I present the idea of <em>deliberative research</em>—the concept is based on that of deliberative democracy. The idea of deliberative democracy is that decisions should be made on the basis of reasons that would be acceptable to the target population. I similarly argue that research decisions should be made on the basis of reasons that would be acceptable to the target population, even if it requires other experts to determine how those reasons are best to be respected in the context of a particular project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001213/pdfft?md5=6326aa9d83efcc20bfce256869ee679d&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection in molecular evolution 分子进化中的选择

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.004

{"title":"Selection in molecular evolution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evolution requires selection. Molecular/chemical/preDarwinian evolution is no exception. One molecule must be selected over another for molecular evolution to occur and advance. Evolution, however, has no goal. The laws of physics have no utilitarian desire, intent or proficiency. Laws and constraints are blind to “usefulness.” How then were potential multi-step processes anticipated, valued and pursued by inanimate nature? Can orchestration of formal systems be physico-chemically spontaneous? The purely physico-dynamic self-ordering of Chaos Theory and irreversible non-equilibrium thermodynamic “engines of disequilibria conversion” achieve neither orchestration nor formal organization. Natural selection is a passive and after-the-fact-of-life selection. Darwinian selection reduces to the differential survival and reproduction of the fittest <em>already-living</em> organisms. In the case of abiogenesis, selection had to be 1) Active, 2) Pre-Function, and 3) Efficacious. Selection had to take place at the molecular level prior to the existence of non-trivial functional processes. It could not have been passive or secondary. What naturalistic mechanisms might have been at play?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001110/pdfft?md5=539ef50b9b39e2d5e86c8fa51585d7be&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reinterpretation of Heisenberg’s Umdeutung in prescriptive-dynamical terms 用规范动力学术语重新诠释海森堡的 Umdeutung。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.07.002

引用次数: 0

Inference to the best neuroscientific explanation 推断神经科学的最佳解释。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.009

引用次数: 0

The Classical Stance: Dennett’s Criterion in Wallacian quantum mechanics 经典立场：瓦拉几量子力学中的丹尼特标准。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.005

{"title":"The Classical Stance: Dennett’s Criterion in Wallacian quantum mechanics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>David Wallace’s ‘Dennett’s Criterion’ plays a key part in establishing realist claims about the existence of a multiverse emerging from the mathematical formalism of quantum physics, even after decoherence is fully appreciated. Although the philosophical preconditions of this criterion are not neutral, they are rarely explicitly addressed conceptually. I tease apart three: (I) a rejection of conceptual bridge laws even in cases of inhomogeneous reduction; (II) a reliance on the pragmatic notion of usefulness to highlight quasi-classical patterns, as seen in a decoherence basis, over others; and (III) a structural realist or ‘functional realist’ point of view that leads to individuating those patterns as real macroscopic objects at the coarse-grained level, as they are seen from the Classical Stance (analogous to Dennett’s Intentional Stance). I conclude that the justification of Dennett’s Criterion will be intimately tied up with the fate of strong forms of naturalism, and in particular that Wallacian quantum mechanics is a key case study for concretely evaluating his ‘math-first’ structural realism (Wallace 2022).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124001055/pdfft?md5=28b013cc964b2577bfbc140d5e7ef842&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124001055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0