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Studies in History and Philosophy of Science最新文献

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Bodies of evidence: The ‘Excited Delirium Syndrome’ and the epistemology of cause-of-death inquiry 证据之体：兴奋性谵妄综合征 "与死因调查的认识论
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.009
Enno Fischer , Saana Jukola
{"title":"Bodies of evidence: The ‘Excited Delirium Syndrome’ and the epistemology of cause-of-death inquiry","authors":"Enno Fischer ,&nbsp;Saana Jukola","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Excited Delirium Syndrome” (ExDS) is a controversial diagnosis. The supposed syndrome is sometimes considered to be a potential cause of death. However, it has been argued that its sole purpose is to cover up excessive police violence because it is mainly used to explain deaths of individuals in custody. In this paper, we examine the epistemic conditions giving rise to the controversial diagnosis by discussing the relation between causal hypotheses, evidence, and data in forensic medicine. We argue that the practitioners’ social context affects causal inquiry through background assumptions that enter inquiry at multiple stages. This analysis serves to better understand the wide usage of the controversial diagnosis of ExDS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000189/pdfft?md5=fa0de55a2d4d6e00bb49a0635035b192&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000189-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimal logical teleology in artifacts and biology connects the two domains and frames mechanisms via epistemic circularity 人工制品和生物学中的最小逻辑目的论通过认识论的循环性将两个领域联系起来并构建机制
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.001
José Antonio Pérez-Escobar
{"title":"Minimal logical teleology in artifacts and biology connects the two domains and frames mechanisms via epistemic circularity","authors":"José Antonio Pérez-Escobar","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The understanding of artifacts and biological phenomena has often influenced each other. This work argues that at the core of these epistemic bridges there are shared teleological notions and explanations manifested in analogies between artifacts and biological phenomena. To this end, I first propose a focus on the logical structure of minimal teleological explanations, which renders said epistemic bridges more evident than an ontological or metaphysical approach to teleology, and which can be used to describe scientific practices in different areas by virtue of formal generality and minimalism (section 2). Second, I show how this approach highlights some epistemic features shared by the understanding of artifacts and biological phenomena, like a specific kind of epistemic circularity, and how functional analogies between artifacts and biological phenomena translate such epistemic circularity from one domain to the other (section 3). Third, I conduct a case study on the scientific practice around the brain's “compass”, showing how the understanding of artifacts influences purpose ascription and measurement, and frames mechanisms in biology, especially in areas where purpose ascription is most difficult, like cognitive neuroscience (sections 4 and 5).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000104/pdfft?md5=5035dad5dac78f5606fd1f33c33295ad&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140014659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Histology agnosticism: Infra-molecularizing disease? 组织学不可知论：分子内疾病？
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.002
Jonah Campbell , Alberto Cambrosio , Mark Basik
{"title":"Histology agnosticism: Infra-molecularizing disease?","authors":"Jonah Campbell ,&nbsp;Alberto Cambrosio ,&nbsp;Mark Basik","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000116/pdfft?md5=f29021fe590a6d1c77e8c20fd6482361&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.002
Jane Maienschein, Kate MacCord
{"title":"","authors":"Jane Maienschein,&nbsp;Kate MacCord","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 12-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beauty in experiment: A qualitative analysis of aesthetic experiences in scientific practice 实验中的美：对科学实践中审美体验的定性分析
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.003
Milena Ivanova, Bridget Ritz, Marcela Duque, Brandon Vaidyanathan
{"title":"Beauty in experiment: A qualitative analysis of aesthetic experiences in scientific practice","authors":"Milena Ivanova,&nbsp;Bridget Ritz,&nbsp;Marcela Duque,&nbsp;Brandon Vaidyanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing literature in philosophy of science focuses on the role of aesthetics in scientific practice, with the experiment recently recognized for its aesthetic value. However, the literature on aesthetics in experimentation grows out of case studies from the history of science, leaving open the question as to how contemporary scientists experience aesthetics in their experimental work. In this paper we offer the first qualitative, empirical analysis of aesthetic experiences regarding experimental practice, drawing from in-depth interviews with 215 scientists in four countries. We identify six categories of aesthetic experience we find in experimentation, their function, and new questions emerging from our study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139738728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.001
John E. Huss
{"title":"","authors":"John E. Huss","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.003
Michael R. Dietrich
{"title":"","authors":"Michael R. Dietrich","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 176-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On compatibility between realism and fictionalism: A response to Suárez' proposal 论现实主义与虚构主义的兼容性：对苏亚雷斯提议的回应
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.005
Nélida Gentile, Susana Lucero
{"title":"On compatibility between realism and fictionalism: A response to Suárez' proposal","authors":"Nélida Gentile,&nbsp;Susana Lucero","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a series of articles, Mauricio Suárez defends the neutrality of fictionalism with respect to the scientific realism-anti-realism debate. Suárez understands fictionalism from a strictly methodological point of view, linked to the practice of model building in the context of the philosophy of science. He moves away from the type of fictionalism analysed in other areas of philosophy such as metaphysics, the philosophy of language, aesthetics or the philosophy of mathematics. Following Vaihinger's position, he emphasizes the inferential role of fiction in scientific modelling and argues that scientific fictionalism is not incompatible with scientific realism, as is often believed. We argue against Suárez's position and reject the ubiquitous character assigned to fictions in scientific discourse, as well as the deflationary view of scientific realism defended by Suárez. We conclude that when the semantic, epistemic, and metaphysical aspects at stake in the realism-antirealism debate are taken into account, the alleged compatibility between scientific realism and fictionalism starts to generate some tension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ML interpretability: Simple isn't easy ML 可解释性：简单并不容易
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.007
Tim Räz
{"title":"ML interpretability: Simple isn't easy","authors":"Tim Räz","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interpretability of ML models is important, but it is not clear what it amounts to. So far, most philosophers have discussed the lack of interpretability of black-box models such as neural networks, and methods such as explainable AI that aim to make these models more transparent. The goal of this paper is to clarify the nature of interpretability by focussing on the other end of the “interpretability spectrum”. The reasons why some models, linear models and decision trees, are highly interpretable will be examined, and also how more general models, MARS and GAM, retain some degree of interpretability. It is found that while there is heterogeneity in how we gain interpretability, what interpretability is in particular cases can be explicated in a clear manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368123001723/pdfft?md5=762e303beb843a4a645f0e00470c907b&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368123001723-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cosmological inflation and meta-empirical theory assessment 宇宙膨胀与元经验理论评估。
IF 1 2区 哲学
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.006
William J. Wolf
{"title":"Cosmological inflation and meta-empirical theory assessment","authors":"William J. Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I apply Dawid's Meta-Empirical Assessment (MEA) methodology to the theory of cosmological inflation. I argue that applying this methodology does not currently offer a compelling case for ascribing non-empirical confirmation to cosmological inflation. In particular, I argue that despite displaying strong instances of Unexpected Explanatory Coherence (UEA), it is premature to evaluate the theory on the basis of the No Alternatives Argument (NAA). More significantly though, I argue that the theory of cosmological inflation fails to sustain a convincing Meta-Inductive Argument (MIA) because the empirical evidence and theoretical successes that it seeks to draw meta-empirical support from do not warrant a meta-inductive inference to inflation. I conclude by assessing how future developments could pave the way towards crafting a more compelling case for the non-empirical confirmation of cosmological inflation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Pages 146-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368123001735/pdfft?md5=39d67e9d2de318e8c82b01237ce8b60e&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368123001735-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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