Studies in History and Philosophy of Science最新文献_第9页

Extrapolating animal consciousness 推断动物的意识

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.001

Tudor M. Baetu

引用次数: 0

From S-matrix theory to strings: Scattering data and the commitment to non-arbitrariness 从 S 矩阵理论到弦：散射数据与非任意性承诺

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.011

Robert van Leeuwen

{"title":"From S-matrix theory to strings: Scattering data and the commitment to non-arbitrariness","authors":"Robert van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The early history of string theory is marked by a shift from strong interaction physics to quantum gravity. The first string models and associated theoretical framework were formulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the context of the <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>-matrix program for the strong interactions. In the mid-1970s, the models were reinterpreted as a potential theory unifying the four fundamental forces. This paper provides a historical analysis of how string theory was developed out of <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>-matrix physics, aiming to clarify how modern string theory, as a theory detached from experimental data, grew out of an <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>-matrix program that was strongly dependent upon observable quantities. Surprisingly, the theoretical practice of physicists already turned away from experiment <em>before</em> string theory was recast as a potential unified quantum gravity theory. With the formulation of dual resonance models (the “hadronic string theory”), physicists were able to determine almost all of the models' parameters on the basis of theoretical reasoning. It was this commitment to “non-arbitrariness”, i.e., a lack of free parameters in the theory, that initially drove string theorists away from experimental input, and <em>not</em> the practical inaccessibility of experimental data in the context of quantum gravity physics. This is an important observation when assessing the role of experimental data in string theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 130-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000207/pdfft?md5=53eb871b5448ad672926c3c6d5924bae&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent evidence in multi-messenger astrophysics 多信使天体物理学的独立证据

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.006

Jamee Elder

引用次数: 0

The causal axioms of algebraic quantum field theory: A diagnostic 代数量子场论的因果公理：诊断

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.006

Francisco Calderón

{"title":"The causal axioms of algebraic quantum field theory: A diagnostic","authors":"Francisco Calderón","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT) puts forward three “causal axioms” that aim to characterize the theory as one that implements relativistic causation: the spectrum condition, microcausality, and primitive causality. In this paper, I aim to show, in a minimally technical way, that none of them fully explains the notion of causation appropriate for AQFT because they only capture some of the desiderata for relativistic causation I state or because it is often unclear how each axiom implements its respective desideratum. After this diagnostic, I will show that a fourth condition, local primitive causality (LPC), fully characterizes relativistic causation in the sense of fulfilling all the relevant desiderata. However, it only encompasses the virtues of the other axioms because it is implied by them, as I will show from a construction by <span>Haag and Schroer (1962)</span>. Since the conjunction of the three causal axioms implies LPC and other important results in QFT that LPC does not imply, and since LPC helps clarify some of the shortcomings of the three axioms, I advocate for a holistic interpretation of how the axioms characterize the causal structure of AQFT against the strategy in the literature to rivalize the axioms and privilege one among them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 98-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relational Quantum Mechanics, quantum relativism, and the iteration of relativity 关系量子力学、量子相对论和相对论的迭代

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.007

Timotheus Riedel

{"title":"Relational Quantum Mechanics, quantum relativism, and the iteration of relativity","authors":"Timotheus Riedel","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The idea that the dynamical properties of quantum systems are invariably relative to other systems has recently regained currency. Using Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) for a case study, this paper calls attention to a question that has been underappreciated in the debate about quantum relativism: the question of whether relativity iterates. Are there absolute facts about the properties one system possesses relative to a specified reference, or is this again a relative matter, and so on? It is argued that RQM (in its best-known form) is committed to what I call the Unrestricted Iteration Principle (UIP), and thus to an infinite regress of relativisations. This principle plays a crucial role in ensuring the communicability and coherence of interaction outcomes across observers. It is, however, shown to be incompatible with the widespread, conservative reading of RQM in terms of relations, instead necessitating the adoption of the more unorthodox notion of perspectival facts. I conclude with some reflections on the current state of play in perspectivist versions of RQM and quantum relativism more generally, underscoring both the need for further conceptual development and the importance of the iteration principle for an accurate cost-benefit analysis of such interpretations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000232/pdfft?md5=dc9b3d6d3f78aaa0d85a4d587ec3b12f&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What counts as relevant criticism? Longino's critical contextual empiricism and the feminist criticism of mainstream economics 什么算相关批评？朗吉诺的批判性语境经验主义与主流经济学的女性主义批判

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.005

Teemu Lari

{"title":"What counts as relevant criticism? Longino's critical contextual empiricism and the feminist criticism of mainstream economics","authors":"Teemu Lari","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I identify and resolve an internal tension in Critical Contextual Empiricism (CCE) – the normative account of science developed by Helen Longino. CCE includes two seemingly conflicting principles: on one hand, the cognitive goals of epistemic communities should be open to critical discussion (the o<em>penness of goals to criticism</em> principle, OGC); on the other hand, criticism must be aligned with the cognitive goals of that community to count as “relevant” and thus require a response (the <em>goal-relativity of response-requiring criticism</em> principle, GRC). The co-existence of OGC and GRC enables one to draw both approving and condemning judgments about a situation in which an epistemic community ignores criticism against its goals. This tension results from conflating two contexts of argumentation that require different regulative standards. In the <em>first-level scientific discussion</em>, GRC is a reasonable principle but OGC is not; in the <em>meta-level discussion about science</em>, the reverse holds. In meta-level discussion, the relevance of criticism can be established by appealing to goals of science that are more general than the goals of a specific epistemic community. To illustrate my revision of CCE, I discuss why feminist economists’ criticism of the narrowness of the goals pursued in mainstream economics is relevant criticism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000141/pdfft?md5=bf917ec3d2de0f772c6e14ed217cb569&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convergence strategies for theory assessment 理论评估的收敛策略

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.010

Elena Castellani

{"title":"Convergence strategies for theory assessment","authors":"Elena Castellani","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the issue of the import of convergence arguments in theory assessment. A first part is devoted to making the point of the different types of strategies based on convergence, providing new distinctions with respect to the existing literature. Specific attention is devoted to robustness vs consilience arguments and one representative example for each category is then discussed in some detail. These are: (a) Perrin's famous robustness argument on behalf of the atomic hypothesis on the grounds of the concordance of thirteen different procedures to the same result for the Avogadro number; (b) the consilience argument motivating the trust in the viability of the extra-dimension conjecture in the context of early string theory. These two cases are expressly chosen in order to highlight possible differences, also including whether the convergence obtains in terms of empirical or theoretical procedures. Notwithstanding these various differences, in both cases the evaluation of the assessment strategy similarly depends, in a significant way, on how the convergence argument is interpreted, as shown in the final part of the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000190/pdfft?md5=4a25f9b5119002cdc66dc9f114f17a93&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictivism and avoidance of ad hoc-ness: An empirical study 预测主义和避免临时性：实证研究

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.11.008

Samuel Schindler

引用次数: 0

Ontological pluralism and social values 本体论多元化与社会价值观

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.004

Muhammad Ali Khalidi

引用次数: 0

The notorious man-in-the-street: Hermann Weyl and the problem of knowledge 臭名昭著的街边人赫尔曼-韦尔与知识问题

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.008

Noah Stemeroff

{"title":"The notorious man-in-the-street: Hermann Weyl and the problem of knowledge","authors":"Noah Stemeroff","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hermann Weyl's philosophical reflections remain a topic of considerable interest in the history and philosophy of science. In particular, Weyl's commitment to a form of idealism, as it pertains to his reading of Husserl and Fichte, has garnered much discussion. However, much less attention has been given to Weyl's later, and at that only partial, turn towards a form of empiricism (i.e. from the late 1920s onward). This lack of focus on Weyl's later philosophy has tended to obscure some of the most significant lessons that Weyl sought to draw from his decades of research in the foundations of mathematics and physics. In this paper, I develop some aspects of what I will term as Weyl's ‘modest’ empiricism. I will argue that Weyl's turn toward empiricism can be read in the context of a development of Helmholtz's epistemological program and his unique form of ‘Kantianism’. The hope is that this reading will not only provide a better understanding of Weyl's later thought, especially his (1954) criticism of Cassirer, but that it may also provide the basis for a novel ‘Weylian’ account of the mathematization of nature underwriting the group-theoretic methodology of parts of modern physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000153/pdfft?md5=85ab8369e84e2ff1654e1fcd80873427&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0