Studies in History and Philosophy of Science最新文献_第9页

Computer simulation in data analysis: A case study from particle physics 数据分析中的计算机模拟：粒子物理学案例研究

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.005

Brigitte Falkenburg

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引用次数: 0

Explanation, teleology, and analogy in natural history and comparative anatomy around 1800: Kant and Cuvier 1800 年前后自然史和比较解剖学中的解释、目的论和类比：康德与居维叶

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.003

Hein van den Berg

{"title":"Explanation, teleology, and analogy in natural history and comparative anatomy around 1800: Kant and Cuvier","authors":"Hein van den Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates conceptions of explanation, teleology, and analogy in the works of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and Georges Cuvier (1769–1832). Richards (2000, 2002) and Zammito (2006, 2012, 2018) have argued that Kant's philosophy provided an obstacle for the project of establishing biology as a proper science around 1800. By contrast, Russell (1916), Outram (1986), and Huneman (2006, 2008) have argued, similar to suggestions from Lenoir (1989), that Kant's philosophy influenced the influential naturalist Georges Cuvier. In this article, I wish to expand on and further the work of Russell, Outram, and Huneman by adopting a novel perspective on Cuvier and considering (a) the similar conceptions of proper science and explanation of Kant and Cuvier, and (b) the similar conceptions of the role of teleology and analogy in the works of Kant and Cuvier. The similarities between Kant and Cuvier show, contrary to the interpretation of Richards and Zammito, that some of Kant's philosophical ideas, whether they derived from him or not, were fruitfully applied by some life scientists who wished to transform life sciences into proper sciences around 1800. However, I also show that Cuvier, in contrast to Kant, had a workable strategy for transforming the life sciences into proper sciences, and that he departed from Kant's philosophy of science in crucial respects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000451/pdfft?md5=cd5fb5ff123085b428b62c7f3e3ce594&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000451-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific realism, scientific practice, and science communication: An empirical investigation of academics and science communicators 科学现实主义、科学实践与科学传播：对学者和科学传播者的实证调查

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.005

Raimund Pils , Philipp Schoenegger

{"title":"Scientific realism, scientific practice, and science communication: An empirical investigation of academics and science communicators","authors":"Raimund Pils , Philipp Schoenegger","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We argue that the societal consequences of the scientific realism debate, in the context of science-to-public communication are often overlooked and careful theorizing about it needs further empirical groundwork. As such, we conducted a survey experiment with 130 academics (from physics, chemistry, and biology) and 137 science communicators. We provided them with an 11-item questionnaire probing their views of scientific realism and related concepts. Contra theoretical expectations, we find that (a) science communicators are generally more inclined towards scientific antirealism when compared to scientists in the same academic fields, though both groups show an inclination towards realism and (b) academics who engage in more theoretical work are not less (or more) realist than experimentalists. Lastly, (c), we fail to find differences with respect to selective realism but find that science communicators are significantly less epistemically voluntarist compared to their academic counterparts. Overall, our results provide first empirical evidence on the views of scientists and science communicators on scientific realism, with some results running contra to the theoretical expectations, opening up new empirical and theoretical research directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000475/pdfft?md5=34afc60a745edbaba1be67cc7942a889&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000475-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design principles as minimal models 作为最小模型的设计原则

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.003

Wei Fang

引用次数: 0

Phase transitions and the birth of early universe particle physics 相变与早期宇宙粒子物理学的诞生

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.006

Adam Koberinski

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引用次数: 0

Tracing the evidence of design: Natural theology through an unpublished manuscript by William Stanley Jevons 追踪设计的证据：通过威廉-斯坦利-杰文斯未发表的手稿看自然神学

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.008

Eleonora Buono

{"title":"Tracing the evidence of design: Natural theology through an unpublished manuscript by William Stanley Jevons","authors":"Eleonora Buono","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper takes its cue from an unpublished manuscript by the Victorian polymath William Stanley Jevons (1835–1882). I elucidate how he attempted to integrate science and religion through natural theology. I argue that Jevons’s manuscript shows that he took the theory of probability to be the most appropriate tool for finding evidence of divine design in natural phenomena. Jevons thus took part in the nineteenth-century natural theology debate, specifically between William Whewell and Charles Babbage. This debate was about both how to interpret the analogy between natural and human contrivances, and about the tools which should be used in natural theology. After introducing the manuscript, I present Jevons’s religious ideas about Unitarianism and the relationship between chance and design in his writings. I show Jevons’s commitment to natural theology and his idea that humans, due to their finite intellect, should use the theory of probability to investigate divine providence. I then compare Jevons’s position to Whewell’s and Babbage’s <em>Bridgewater Treatises</em>. I show how they had different conceptions of natural theology compared to Jevons, and different ideas about the tools that should be used to investigate natural laws.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003936812400044X/pdfft?md5=9a1b575206d94497b26d58106e7834b0&pid=1-s2.0-S003936812400044X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A framework for the integration of development and evolution: The forgotten legacy of James Meadows Rendel 发展与进化相结合的框架：詹姆斯-梅多斯-伦德尔被遗忘的遗产

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.007

María Alejandra Petino Zappala

{"title":"A framework for the integration of development and evolution: The forgotten legacy of James Meadows Rendel","authors":"María Alejandra Petino Zappala","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The historical challenges to bridge the gaps between developmental biology and population or statistical genetics under the explanatory dominance of the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis during the 20th century have been thoroughly documented. However, although several attempts to integrate these fields have been made, most have been deemed unsuccessful. As an example of those efforts, in this paper I discuss the work of James Meadows Rendel, a student of J. B. S. Haldane and disciple of Conrad Hal Waddington. I present his largely forgotten or unrecognized, but innovative, ideas about canalization and the role of development in phylogeny as a valuable piece to connect these fields that could still have important ramifications for today's evolutionary biology. In fact, it is expected that the legacy of J. M. Rendel will be rediscovered, and more importantly, incorporated and extended by future researchers, in light of the growth of evolutionary developmental biology in the last decades. What is more, this case offers a chance to critically revisit standard historiographies about the dichotomy between developmental and population genetics research frameworks in 20th century biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000505/pdfft?md5=c47200ebe80842edc20f027428caaa2d&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000505-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health promotion and the positive concept of health: Navigating dilemmas 促进心理健康与积极健康观：左右为难

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.002

Somogy Varga , Martin Marchmann Andersen , Anke Bueter , Anna Paldam Folker

{"title":"Mental health promotion and the positive concept of health: Navigating dilemmas","authors":"Somogy Varga , Martin Marchmann Andersen , Anke Bueter , Anna Paldam Folker","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A prevailing view holds that the main goal of mental health promotion is to maintain and improve <em>positive</em> mental health, which is not merely defined by the absence of mental disorders, but by the presence of certain abilities. There are, however, challenges associated with this view that this paper aims to identify and explore. We start by highlighting three requirements for an ethically and politically justified mental health promotion scheme: (i) using a positive concept of mental health that (ii) respects the neutrality principle while (iii) not being overly permissive. Then, we argue that the WHO's positive concept of health violates (ii), and continue by exploring three philosophical accounts (i.e., Nordenfelt, 1995, 2017; Graham 2010; Wren-Lewis & Alexandrova, 2021) that could potentially provide a solution. We show that these face a dilemma of their own: they either violate (ii) or (iii), and they can rectify one issue only by violating the other. Considering the problems linked to the positive notion of health, the final section explores the alternate route of rejecting proposition (i) and instead embracing a negative concept of health. We argue that this option does not present a more advantageous solution. We conclude by highlighting the necessity for additional research to tackle the challenges we identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49467,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039368124000414/pdfft?md5=4ed80b4dd71242d59331ac6237703d11&pid=1-s2.0-S0039368124000414-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tale of a threshing machine: Images of the Voigt-Leibniz mathematical-agricultural machine at the beginning of the 18th century 脱粒机的故事18 世纪初福伊特-莱布尼兹数学农业机器的图像

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.01.005

Michael Friedman

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引用次数: 0

On algebraic naturalism and metaphysical indeterminacy in quantum mechanics 论量子力学中的代数自然主义和形而上学不确定性

IF 1 2区哲学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.012

Tushar Menon

引用次数: 0