Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Beyond linear measurements: a comprehensive 3D CT analysis of patellar volume and density.","authors":"Irfan Atik, Enes Gul, Bulent Yildiz, Ismail Salk, Mehmet Atalar","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03998-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03998-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patellar morphology and biomechanics are essential for surgical planning, forensic identification, and knee function. This study leverages 3D CT to address gaps in population-specific data, providing a comprehensive morphometric profile of the patella and patellar ligament in a large-scale Turkish cohort. We aim to evaluate sexual dimorphism and age-related changes in these parameters to optimize implant design and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 652 patellae (326 right, 326 left) were evaluated. In addition to standard linear measurements (transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter, height, and facets), this study uniquely incorporated volumetric and bone density (Hounsfield Units) measurements along with patellar ligament dimensions and the Insall-Salvati ratio. Morphological categorization was performed according to the Wiberg classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean transverse diameter was 4.38 ± 0.38 cm. Median volume and bone density were 16.30 (9.60-30.50) cm³ and 524 (101-897) HU, respectively. Significant sexual dimorphism was observed across all morphometric and densitometric parameters, with significantly higher values in males (p < 0.001). According to the Wiberg classification, Type B was the most prevalent (64.7%), followed by Type C (24.6%) and Type A (10.7%), with no significant difference between sexes (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that 3D CT-based assessment provides high-resolution reference data that can enhance the success of orthopedic procedures by minimizing prosthetic mismatch. Furthermore, the integration of volumetric and densitometric data provides a robust framework for gender determination in forensics and facilitates precise anatomical evaluation before invasive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148946127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recurrent-like course of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve associated with a right-sided aortic arch: a rare anatomical variation.","authors":"Sujung Yeom, Hyeongseok Lee, Hwanmin Kim, Inchul Jung, Tae Mi Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03993-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03993-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate identification of the laryngeal nerves during thyroid surgery is essential to prevent nerve injury and preserve vocal function. While variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), particularly the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN), are well recognized and often anticipated in association with vascular anomalies, variations of the superior laryngeal nerve are less commonly expected. We report a case of a 60 year-old female with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA), raising consideration of possible laryngeal nerve variation. Intraoperatively, both RLNs demonstrated a normal recurrent course. Instead, an unusual variation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) was identified, originating from the cervical vagus nerve and following a recurrent-like ascending course that initially mimicked NRLN. This case demonstrates that laryngeal nerve anatomy may not always correspond to expected vascular findings and highlights the importance of careful intraoperative nerve identification and systematic surgical dissection to prevent misidentification and nerve injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148946064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral absence of the thyrocervical trunk with multiple subclavian arterial variations and a suprascapular artery traversing the brachial plexus: a cadaveric case report.","authors":"Katherine Asbery, Lauren Ellingham, Arunabh Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03992-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03992-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the subclavian artery (SA) is critical to reducing complications during surgical and interventional procedures involving the neck and shoulder regions. This cadaveric study reports a rare combination of vascular anomalies involving the branches of the SA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bilateral dissections of the neck, shoulder, and upper back were performed on a 71-year-old Caucasian male donor to document the origin, course, and distribution of the branches of the SA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple unilateral variations were observed on the right side of the donor. The first variation noted was the absence of the thyrocervical trunk, with its typical branches showing variable origins. Inferior thyroid artery originated with the vertebral artery from the thyrovertebral trunk, representing the second variation. Transverse cervical artery was completely absent, representing the third variation. The fourth variation was the dorsal scapular artery serving as the primary blood supply to the trapezius muscle. The suprascapular artery (SSA) originated from the axillary artery and coursed posteriorly between the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks, immediately superior to their union to form the lateral cord, representing the fifth variation. Lastly, the SSA entered the supraspinous fossa beneath the superior transverse scapular ligament, accompanied by the suprascapular nerve, representing the sixth variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates a unique combination of six arterial variations that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported together. Awareness of such variants is important for surgical planning and may help reduce intraoperative complications in head, neck, and shoulder procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Morphometric analysis by computed tomography of the entry point and trajectory for safe screw fixation surgery of the C2 pedicle in the Turkish population according to age and sex.","authors":"Halide Temelci, Rukiye Sumeyye Bakici, Zulal Oner, Serkan Oner, Seyma Toy","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03988-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-026-03988-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the nasal arterial topography: a dual-cohort ultrasound and cadaveric study.","authors":"Tho Thi-Kieu Nguyen, Ngoc Ba Nguyen, Cuong Quoc Tran, Anh Ngoc Hoang, Chuong Dinh Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03990-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03990-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Soft-tissue filler injection for non-surgical rhinoplasty carries a low but well-documented risk of severe vascular complications, including skin necrosis and irreversible vision loss. This study employed high-resolution Doppler ultrasound in healthy living volunteers alongside macroscopic cadaveric dissection to characterize nasal arterial topography from distinct anatomical perspectives, aiming to identify lower-risk injection planes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five healthy Vietnamese adults (20 males, 15 females) underwent color Doppler ultrasound (12 MHz) at the radix, rhinion, and nasal tip to measure soft tissue thickness, arterial depth to skin, clearance to framework, distance to midline, and vessel caliber. Additionally, thirty hemifaces from 15 formalin-fixed Vietnamese cadavers were dissected to document arterial origins and morphological patterns. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Generalized Estimating Equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Macroscopic arteries were identified in 80.0% of subjects at the radix/rhinion and 71.4% at the nasal tip. Dorsal arteries were significantly deeper in males across all three sites (p < 0.05). Both cohorts demonstrated similarly high rates of vascular asymmetry (bilateral macro-arteries in 60.0% by ultrasound and 53.3% by cadaveric dissection). A central paucivascular corridor (8.62 ± 1.07 mm at the radix and 8.04 ± 1.01 mm at the rhinion) was identified; however, terminal vessels converged progressively toward the midline at the nasal tip.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nasal arterial network is highly variable and asymmetric. Blind injections relying solely on traditional midline landmarks are associated with a high risk of vascular compromise. These detailed topographic data support individualized ultrasound-guided techniques to enhance safety in aesthetic and reconstructive nasal procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-bifurcating cervical carotid artery with ipsilateral internal carotid artery hypoplasia.","authors":"Hideki Endo, Daishi Yamaguchi, Kosuke Nakamura, Hiroki Akiyama, Tomoaki Ishizuka, Daisuke Mori, Hironori Sugio, Yoshihiro Sumi, Koji Oka, Hirohiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03995-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03995-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A non-bifurcating cervical carotid artery (NBCCA) is a rare anomaly. Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is also rare. To the best of our knowledge, their simultaneous coexistence has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report a case of NBCCA associated with ipsilateral ICA hypoplasia diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 52-year-old woman was transported to our hospital by ambulance with severe headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large suprasellar mass. MRA showed impaired delineation of the right ICA and a 2-mm left ICA aneurysm. Extracranial MRA revealed a right NBCCA. Computed tomography showed a narrow right carotid canal. Right NBCCA concomitant with congenital hypoplasia of the ipsilateral ICA was diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Careful imaging assessment is important to identify these rare anatomical variants and associated aneurysms on the collateral pathway. Awareness of such variations is important in clinical practice, particularly for imaging interpretation and procedural planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic and morphometric anatomy of the superficial temporal artery for STA-MCA bypass in Vietnamese adults.","authors":"Phuong Duy Nguyen, Dieu Dang Pham, Tuyen Quang Le, Vu Hoang Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03979-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03979-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The superficial temporal artery (STA) is the principal donor vessel for extracranial-intracranial bypass, particularly the STA-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass. The present study aimed to characterise the topographic and morphometric anatomy of the STA common trunk and terminal branches, to establish surface mapping data for pre-operative planning, and to evaluate the suitability of terminal branches as bypass conduits in Vietnamese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty hemi-head specimens from 25 embalmed Vietnamese adult cadavers were dissected. Topographic relationships between the STA, adjacent neurovascular structures (superficial temporal vein [STV] and auriculotemporal nerve [ATN]), and craniofacial landmarks were documented. Terminal branching patterns, outer diameters at defined levels, branch lengths to the 1-mm diameter threshold, branch angulations, and the parietal axis angle were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All STAs arose posterior to the mandibular neck. Terminal bifurcation was present in 90% of specimens; the remaining 10% exhibited an anaplastic pattern. Among bifurcating specimens, the branching point was located above, at, and below the zygomatic arch (ZA) in 93.33%, 4.44%, and 2.22%, respectively. The common trunk lay 10.92 ± 4.14 mm anterior to the tragus along the lateral canthus-tragus line and 12.85 ± 6.26 mm anterior to the superior helix attachment. Mean outer diameters at the ZA level and immediately before bifurcation were 1.88 ± 0.40 mm and 1.76 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. At 70 mm from the ZA (working length), mean diameters of the frontal and parietal branches were 1.26 ± 0.25 mm and 1.11 ± 0.22 mm. Bypass suitability rates were 88% for the frontal branch, 68% for the parietal branch, and 62% when both branches were required.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The STA anatomy in Vietnamese adults is highly compatible with its use in STA-MCA bypass surgery. The topographic and morphometric data presented provide a practical basis for pre-operative surface mapping and intra-operative vessel preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative CT-based 3D analysis of middle colic vein anatomy for complete mesocolic excision in right-sided colon cancer: a retrospective cohort study from a prospective clinical trial.","authors":"Vladimir Zivanovic, Dejan Ignjatovic, Javier Armando Luzon, Bojan Vladimir Stimec","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03987-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03987-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Complete mesocolic excision requires central mesenteric dissection near the middle colic vein (MCV) confluence, where anatomic variability may increase operative risk. However, MCV multiplicity, confluence patterns, and relationships to the middle colic artery (MCA) are not sufficiently defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective secondary analysis of 300 consecutive three-dimensional vascular reconstructions from a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing surgery for right-sided colon cancer (age 65 ± 9 years; 59% female) between November 2017 and December 2022. We classified transverse mesocolic venous trunks operationally as MCV1, MCV2, and MCV3 according to their right-to-left position to standardize the description of multiple venous drainage patterns. MCV trunks (MCV1-3), their confluence patterns, and their spatial relationships to the MCA were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The reconstruction method had been previously validated intraoperatively and was performed by a single investigator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MCV was identified in all cases (397 veins total). There was one trunk in 68.7%, two in 30.3%, and three in 1.0% of patients. Confluences were most often into the superior mesenteric vein (65.7%), followed by the inferior mesenteric vein (12.6%) and gastrocolic trunk (9.8%). MCV1 drained mainly into the SMV (72.7%). MCV2 showed variable drainage into the SMV (45.7%), IMV (31.9%), jejunal vein (9.6%), left SMV (3.2%), and left colic angular vein (2.1%). MCV3 drained into the IMV in 66.7% and the left SMV in 33.3%. The MCV and MCA were separate in 67.0% of cases, with anterior crossing in 17.7% and posterior crossing in 15.3%. Left-sided drainage patterns were seen in 20-50% of patients with 2 trunks and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MCV anatomy is highly variable, with multiplicity in 31.3% and frequent alternative confluence pattern. Preoperative 3DCT can identify alternative variants and may support safer, tailored vascular ligation during lymphadenectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical determinants of sphenoid sinus volume: insights from a meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Adil Asghar, Ravi Kant Narayan, Apurba Patra, Ananya Priya, C S Ramesh Babu, Rashi Singh, Jerzy A Walocha","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03985-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-026-03985-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sphenoid sinus is one of the most anatomically variable structures of the skull base. Its volume may be influenced by pneumatization patterns, septation, and the relationship to adjacent neurovascular structures, notably the internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve (ON).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the influence of sphenoid sinus volume on pneumatization patterns, neurovascular protrusions, and accessory septa, as well as demographic variables such as sex and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies involving anatomical and radiological studies of sphenoid sinus volume were included. Subgroup analyses were performed based on pneumatization type (conchal, presellar, sellar, postsellar), neurovascular protrusions, accessory septa, sex, and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven studies involving 1263 observations were included. The pooled mean total sphenoid sinus volume was 9.30 cm³ [95% CI, 8.56-10.03]. Sinus volume increased progressively with pneumatization, from conchal (2.41 cm³) to postsellar types (11.26 cm³). Accessory septa and protrusion of the ICA and ON were associated with significantly greater volumes. Sphenoid volumes were higher in males by 2.07 cm³ (1.02+1.05 cm³) and positively correlated with age in children (r = 0.69), confirming active developmental expansion but declined in the elderly (r = - 0.29), capturing a volumetric plateau and potential senescent structural remodelling. No laterality differences were observed. Egger's test indicated no significant publication bias (p = 0.7633).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sphenoid sinus volume was significantly predicted by pneumatization type, neurovascular protrusions, septal complexity, sex, and age. These findings provide critical anatomical reference values to enhance surgical planning and reduce risk in skull base interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The Körner septum as a reliable reference point in temporal bone surgery: clinical-morphometric relationship with the facial nerve and surrounding structures.","authors":"Zeyad Kamar, Duygu Kalaycı, Emre Koyuncu, Mustafa Berk Yakabağı, Berin Tuğtağ Demir, Davut Akduman, Burak Bilecenoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s00276-026-03983-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-026-03983-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}