Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Atrial septal pouch: a comprehensive morphologic and morphometric evaluation with clinical relevance.","authors":"Suhani Sumalatha, Sushma Prabhath, Shivam Thaker, Ashwija Shetty, Kanhai Lalani, Nandini Prashanth Bhat","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03782-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03782-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The septal pouch is an anatomical variant resulting from incomplete fusion between the septum primum and the septum secundum at the interatrial septum. This partial fusion creates a conical pouch, which is potentially predisposed to thrombus formation, increasing the degree of thromboembolic risk. This cadaveric study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, morphology, and morphometry of septal pouches and their associations with other septal defects.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The interatrial septa of 60 human hearts were examined for septal pouches. Characteristics such as pouch type, apex and base orientation, base width, depth, and morphological variants were documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Atrial septal pouches (ASPs) were identified in 22/60 (37%) specimens. Right atrial septal pouches (RSPs) were predominant (30%), whereas left atrial septal pouches (LSPs) were found in 7% of the patients. Most RSPs exhibited a thin, membranous, flattened morphology, although some were thick and muscular. All LSPs were thin and flattened, with a superiorly directed ostium and an inferiorly directed apex. Histologically, the pouches demonstrated a trilaminar arrangement, comprising the myocardium sandwiched between two endocardial layers, with collagen-rich connective tissue beneath.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights important anatomical insights regarding septal pouches, emphasizing the higher prevalence and varied morphometry of RSPs. Given their potential clinical significance in thromboembolic phenomena, further investigation into septal pouch involvement in cardiovascular diseases is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling sex- and side-specific variations in genicular nerve targeting: implications for precision in nerve ablation therapy.","authors":"Gaspary Fodjeu, Loic Fonkoué, Olivier Cornu, Catherine Behets","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03799-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03799-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic parameters for diagnosing congenital cervical stenosis via computed tomography.","authors":"David Shin, Brandon Shin, Daniel Im, Timothy Tang, Chandler Dinh, Carson Cummings, Zachary Brandt, Kai Nguyen, Davis Carter, Mei Carter, Jacob Razzouk, Taha M Taka, Gideon Harianja, Vahe Yacoubian, Muhammad Abd-El-Barr, Nathaniel Wycliffe, Wayne Cheng, Olumide Danisa","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03797-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-025-03797-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12769553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphologic and volumetric analysis of the isthmus in mandibular first molars of a Malaysian subpopulation: a micro-CT study.","authors":"Hasan Mohsin Jawad Al-Rammahi, Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed, Wen Lin Chai","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03739-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03739-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the morphology of isthmus in mandibular first molar of a Malaysian subpopulation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 140 double-rooted mandibular first molars were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Fan et al. classification was used to classify the isthmus morphology. The chi-square test was used to compare the qualitative variables. The independent samples t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used to compare the quantitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of isthmus was 77.1%. The mesial root had the majority of isthmuses [135 (89.4%)]. Of these, 65.2% were \"Mixed\" type. The distal roots had only 16 (10.6%) of all isthmuses. Of these, 12 (75%) were \"Mixed\" type. No significant difference in the type of isthmus between the mesial and distal roots (p = 0.335). However, a significant association was found between root type and the presence of isthmus (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference neither in the volume of canal part with isthmus (p = 0.703 for sheet and 0.149 for mixed types) nor in the percentage volume (p = 0.601 for sheet and 0.299 for mixed types) between the mesial and distal roots in sheet and mixed isthmus types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population, the mandibular first molar showed a high complexity in the isthmus anatomy, especially in the mesial root.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulnar nerve dimensions at entrapment sites in cadavers.","authors":"Anasuya Ghosh, Grace Suganya","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03798-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03798-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The ulnar nerve might undergo compression due to traumatic or non-traumatic pathological conditions or altered anatomy within the extent of the distal arm to the proximal hand, leading to ulnar neuropathy. There are certain anatomical sites where the increased ulnar nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) values indicate probable compression and can be diagnosed by the high-resolution Ultrasonography (USG) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in symptomatic patients. The ulnar nerve CSA varies across the population, and there is limited data available for the Indian population. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the CSA measurement of the ulnar nerve in various predefined anatomical sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CSA of the ulnar nerve was studied in 64 (34 Male, 30 Female) formalin-fixed cadaveric upper limbs in various predefined anatomical sites. The statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and Stata 12 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average CSA of the ulnar nerve was 4.77 ± 2.21 mm² at the level of the medial epicondyle and 2.21 ± 0.86 mm² at the level of the wrist. The CSA values were higher in males than in females. This study has also reported the distances of the branch points of the ulnar nerve supplying the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles, the dorsal cutaneous and palmar cutaneous branches from the nearest bony landmarks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, this study provides a baseline value of ulnar nerve CSA for the East Indian population, which might help clinicians to diagnose ulnar neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of pes anserinus variations, their anatomical types, prevalence, and clinical reflections.","authors":"Fatih Çavuş, Esin Erbek, Güneş Bolatlı","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03792-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03792-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical patterns and collateral pathways in congenital aplasia, atresia, and hypoplasia of iliac and lower extremity veins: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Peipei Sun, Huaijie Wang, Wenjiao Xu, Xiangni Li, Chong Xie, Weilong Lin, Peihua Wang, Weijia Yang, Zhengtuan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03793-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-025-03793-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Congenital aplasia, atresia, and hypoplasia of the iliac and lower extremity veins are rare vascular anomalies characterized by disrupted venous drainage and compensatory collateralization. Despite the clinical significance of these anomalies, their embryological origins, anatomical patterns, and hemodynamic consequences remain understudied. This study aimed to elucidate the anatomical variability, collateral pathways, and clinical implications of these anomalies through a single-center retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chinese patients with lower extremity congenital capillary-venous malformations and deep venous aplasia/atresia/hypoplasia were included. Imaging protocols included color Doppler ultrasound in all cases, supplemented by magnetic resonance and/or computed tomography venography in selected cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An evaluation of the patient demographics demonstrated a male predominance (male:female, 40:24), mean age of 6.9 ± 6.7 years (2 months to 33 years), and 59.4% of cases in childhood (2-12 years) at referral. Anatomical patterns included left-sided iliac vein aplasia (36 left and 31 right cases) with frequent multi-segment defects (58%). Severe cases included deep vein aplasia (12%) and saphenous system anomalies (22%). Five key collateral pathways were identified: 1) superficial cross-pubic, great saphenous vein (GSV) → pudendal veins → contralateral GSV; 2) deep pelvic, internal pudendal → obturator → internal iliac veins; 3) ascending trunk, thoracoepigastric → axillary veins; 4) marginal systems, gluteal-external vertebral networks; and 5) reflux-driven collaterals mimicking post-thrombotic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Congenital iliac and lower extremity venous anomalies demonstrated left-sided and male predominance and complex collateralization. The observed anatomical patterns, including the persistence of embryonic veins, provide a practical framework for distinguishing compensatory collaterals from pathological vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance to the spinal canal and vertebral body from the insertion point of percutaneous pedicle screws in the lumbar spine: radiographic anatomy on computed tomography images for a safe and efficient procedure.","authors":"Yoshinori Maki, Takeshi Aoyama","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03781-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03781-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the distance for the safe and efficient insertion of percutaneous pedicle screws (PPSs) in lumbar fixation surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On lumbar computed tomography thin-slice images parallel to the cranial vertebral endplate, two different insertion points of the PPS were defined: (1) the lateral wall of the pedicle (defined as the LP) and (2) the angle between the transverse process and superior articular process (TS). From these points, we measured the distance to the inner wall of the pedicle (A) and the posterior wall of the vertebral body (B). The distance was measured bilaterally from L1 to L5 of consecutive 60 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of PL-A (the mean distance ± standard deviation) from the L1 level to the L5 were 17.9 ± 3.0, 18.1 ± 2.9, 18.9 ± 3.1, 18.7 ± 3.4, and 19.9 ± 3.3 mm, respectively. Those of PL-B were 24.1 ± 3.5, 23.2 ± 3.4, 23.0 ± 3.8, 22.1 ± 4.1, and 21.9 ± 3.8 mm. The results of TS-A were 17.9 ± 2.6 mm, 17.6 ± 2.2, 18.0 ± 2.3, 16.3 ± 2.2, and 17.1 ± 2.3, whereas those of TS-B were 22.8 ± 2.6 mm, 21.6 ± 2.3, 21.2 ± 2.1, 18.6 ± 2.1, and 18.3 ± 2.2, respectively. Moreover, the PL-A, PL-B, TS-A, and TS-B of all L1-L5 were 18.7 ± 3.2, 22.9 ± 3.8, 17.4 ± 2.4, and 20.5 ± 2.9 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study can contribute to the safe and efficient insertion of the lumbar PPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric evaluation of superficial anastomatic veins of the brain using venous MR angiography.","authors":"Birol Ozkal, Büşra Candan, Esra Top, Müge Yasın","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03800-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03800-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of the main superficial anastomotic veins of the brain the vein of Trolard (VT), vein of Labbé (VL), and superficial Sylvian vein (SSV) using magnetic resonance venography (MRV), and to compare the findings with the literature to assess clinical and surgical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRV scans of 154 individuals (105 females, 49 males; mean age: 42.12 ± 16.39 years) obtained between 2020 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The presence, length, midpoint diameter, course, drainage pattern, dominance, and interconnections of the VT, VL, and SSV were evaluated bilaterally. Statistical analyses included chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation, and Holm-Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VT was the most prevalent vein, observed in 88.3% of right and 76.6% of left hemispheres, most often located in the postcentral region. VL was present in 74.0% (right) and 66.9% (left), draining mainly into the transverse sinus. SSV was identified in 74.3% (right) and 63.6% (left). Significant associations were found between right VL and SSV (p = 0.0003) and between left VT and right SSV (p = 0.0385, not significant after correction). VT predominated in the right hemisphere and VL in the left. No correlation was found between age and morphometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Superficial cerebral veins exhibit marked anatomical variability. Understanding their course and drainage is essential for neurosurgical planning, particularly in lateral and trans-Sylvian approaches. This study provides updated morphometric data to help minimize venous injury and support future anatomical and surgical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral retropharyngeal course of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries: implications for neck dissection.","authors":"Sakurako Sakai, Shogo Kikuta, Jingo Kusukawa","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03791-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03791-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of tongue cancer with an exceptionally rare bilateral retropharyngeal course of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries, and to underscore the critical role of preoperative imaging for performing a safe neck dissection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An 81-year-old woman was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the right tongue. Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a unique vascular anomaly, with the bilateral carotid systems coursing retropharyngeally. Based on this detailed radiological assessment, she underwent a partial glossectomy and a modified radical neck dissection under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guided by the preoperative three-dimensional anatomical evaluation, the carotid arteries were identified and preserved early in the procedure, which was completed without abnormal hemorrhage (estimated blood loss: 76 mL). The final pathological diagnosis was pT2N0M0. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by multiorgan failure secondary to sepsis, unrelated to any vascular injury, and she ultimately expired. The cervical wound healing was uneventful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neck dissection can be performed safely even in the presence of complex carotid artery anomalies. Meticulous preoperative radiological evaluation and tailored surgical planning are indispensable for averting catastrophic vascular complications. Head and neck surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for such anatomical variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}