Theoretical Population Biology最新文献_第9页

A central limit theorem concerning uncertainty in estimates of individual admixture 关于单个外加剂估计不确定性的中心极限定理

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.09.003

Peter Pfaffelhuber, Angelika Rohde

{"title":"A central limit theorem concerning uncertainty in estimates of individual admixture","authors":"Peter Pfaffelhuber, Angelika Rohde","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of individual admixture (IA) assumes that the genome of individuals is composed of alleles inherited from <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span> ancestral populations. Each copy of each allele has the same chance <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> to originate from population <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>, and together with the allele frequencies <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> in all populations at all <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> markers, comprises the admixture model. Here, we assume a supervised scheme, i.e. allele frequencies <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> are given through a reference database of size <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> is estimated via maximum likelihood for a single sample. We study laws of large numbers and central limit theorems describing effects of finiteness of both, <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>, on the estimate of <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>. We recall results for the effect of finite <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>, and provide a central limit theorem for the effect of finite <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>, introduce a new way to express the uncertainty in estimates in standard barplots, give simulation results, and discuss applications in forensic genetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10334547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When can we reconstruct the ancestral state? A unified theory 我们什么时候能重建祖先的状态?统一理论

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.09.001

Lam Si Tung Ho , Vu Dinh

引用次数: 1

Modeling and migration-based control of depopulation 人口减少的建模和基于迁移的控制

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.11.002

Lőrinc Márton

{"title":"Modeling and migration-based control of depopulation","authors":"Lőrinc Márton","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study deals with the problem of the population shrinking in habitats affected by aging and excessive migration outflows. First, a control-oriented population dynamics model was proposed that catches the effect of depopulation. The model also includes the effect of spatial interaction-driven migration flows on population size. The resulting model is a non-homogeneous ordinary differential equation. It includes such phenomena that are important from the control point of view, such as the influence of migration costs on population dynamics, the impact of aging on population size, or the effect of the habitats’ carrying capacity on migration flows. Based on the model, controllability conditions are formulated and a control strategy was developed that is meant to avoid the depopulation of the habitat. The control method acts on the migration costs to achieve the control goal and requires only population size measurements. Simulation measurements are presented in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040580922000703/pdfft?md5=76b9d62047807c50b63a880f9624aac9&pid=1-s2.0-S0040580922000703-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10342381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the sign of the average effect of an allele 在等位基因平均效应的符号上

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.10.001

Sabin Lessard , Warren J. Ewens

引用次数: 0

The best of both worlds: Combining population genetic and quantitative genetic models 两全其美:结合群体遗传和数量遗传模型

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.10.002

L. Dekens , S.P. Otto , V. Calvez

{"title":"The best of both worlds: Combining population genetic and quantitative genetic models","authors":"L. Dekens , S.P. Otto , V. Calvez","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous traits under migration–selection balance are shown to exhibit complex patterns of genetic architecture with large variance in effect sizes. However, the conditions under which such genetic architectures are stable have yet to be investigated, because studying the influence of a large number of small allelic effects on the maintenance of spatial polymorphism is mathematically challenging, due to the high complexity of the systems that arise. In particular, in the most simple case of a haploid population in a two-patch environment, while it is known from population genetics that polymorphism at a single major-effect locus is stable in the symmetric case, there exist no analytical predictions on how this polymorphism holds when a polygenic background also contributes to the trait. Here we propose to answer this question by introducing a new eco-evo methodology that allows us to take into account the combined contributions of a major-effect locus and of a quantitative background resulting from small-effect loci, where inheritance is encoded according to an extension to the infinitesimal model. In a regime of small variance contributed by the quantitative loci, we justify that traits are concentrated around the major alleles, according to a normal distribution, using new convex analysis arguments. This allows a reduction in the complexity of the system using a separation of time scales approach. We predict an undocumented phenomenon of loss of polymorphism at the major-effect locus despite strong selection for local adaptation, because the quantitative background slowly disrupts the rapidly established polymorphism at the major-effect locus, which is confirmed by individual-based simulations. Our study highlights how segregation of a quantitative background can greatly impact the dynamics of major-effect loci by provoking migrational meltdowns. We also provide a comprehensive toolbox designed to describe how to apply our method to more complex population genetic models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10341929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Theoretical analysis of principal components in an umbrella model of intraspecific evolution 种内进化伞形模型中主成分的理论分析

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.002

Maxime Estavoyer , Olivier François

{"title":"Theoretical analysis of principal components in an umbrella model of intraspecific evolution","authors":"Maxime Estavoyer , Olivier François","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most frequently-used approach to describe population structure from multilocus genotype data. Regarding geographic range expansions of modern humans, interpretations of PCA have, however, been questioned, as there is uncertainty about the wave-like patterns that have been observed in principal components. It has indeed been argued that wave-like patterns are mathematical artifacts that arise generally when PCA is applied to data in which genetic differentiation increases with geographic distance. Here, we present an alternative theory for the observation of wave-like patterns in PCA. We study a coalescent model – the umbrella model – for the diffusion of genetic variants. The model is based on genetic drift without any particular geographical structure. In the umbrella model, splits from an ancestral population occur almost continuously in time, giving birth to small daughter populations at a regular pace. Our results provide detailed mathematical descriptions of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the PCA of sampled genomic sequences under the model. When variants uniquely represented in the sample are removed, the PCA eigenvectors are defined as cosine functions of increasing periodicity, reproducing wave-like patterns observed in equilibrium isolation-by-distance models. Including singleton variants in the analysis, the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues exhibit complex wave shapes. The accuracy of our predictions is further investigated with coalescent simulations. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that highly structured wave-like patterns could arise from genetic drift only, and may not always be artificial outcomes of spatially structured data. Genomic data related to the peopling of the Americas are reanalyzed in the light of our new theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040580922000521/pdfft?md5=e289fcb0a12b991033f6945f5b6b7d2e&pid=1-s2.0-S0040580922000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10340414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drewnowski’s index to measure lifespan variation: Revisiting the Gini coefficient of the life table Drewnowski指数衡量寿命变化:重新审视生命表的基尼系数

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.003

José Manuel Aburto , Ugofilippo Basellini , Annette Baudisch , Francisco Villavicencio

{"title":"Drewnowski’s index to measure lifespan variation: Revisiting the Gini coefficient of the life table","authors":"José Manuel Aburto , Ugofilippo Basellini , Annette Baudisch , Francisco Villavicencio","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gini coefficient of the life table is a concentration index that provides information on lifespan variation. Originally proposed by economists to measure income and wealth inequalities, it has been widely used in population studies to investigate variation in ages at death. We focus on the complement of the Gini coefficient, Drewnowski’s index, which is a measure of equality. We study its mathematical properties and analyze how changes over time relate to changes in life expectancy. Further, we identify the threshold age below which mortality improvements are translated into decreasing lifespan variation and above which these improvements translate into increasing lifespan inequality. We illustrate our theoretical findings simulating scenarios of mortality improvement in the Gompertz model, and showing an example of application to Swedish life table data. Our experiments demonstrate how Drewnowski’s index can serve as an indicator of the shape of mortality patterns. These properties, along with our analytical findings, support studying lifespan variation alongside life expectancy trends in multiple species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040580922000533/pdfft?md5=dacc38188c005de1531f257cc3638bde&pid=1-s2.0-S0040580922000533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10346056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Competitive exclusion in a model with seasonality: Three species cannot coexist in an ecosystem with two seasons 季节性模型中的竞争排斥:三个物种不能在两个季节的生态系统中共存

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.09.002

Hwai-Ray Tung, Rick Durrett

引用次数: 0

Limiting distribution of X-chromosomal coalescence times under first-cousin consanguineous mating 近亲交配下x染色体合并次数的极限分布

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.07.002

Daniel J. Cotter , Alissa L. Severson , Shai Carmi , Noah A. Rosenberg

{"title":"Limiting distribution of X-chromosomal coalescence times under first-cousin consanguineous mating","authors":"Daniel J. Cotter , Alissa L. Severson , Shai Carmi , Noah A. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tpb.2022.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By providing additional opportunities for coalescence within families, the presence of consanguineous unions in a population reduces coalescence times relative to non-consanguineous populations. First-cousin consanguinity can take one of six forms differing in the configuration of sexes in the pedigree of the male and female cousins who join in a consanguineous union: patrilateral parallel, patrilateral cross, matrilateral parallel, matrilateral cross, bilateral parallel, and bilateral cross. Considering populations with each of the six types of first-cousin consanguinity individually and a population with a mixture of the four unilateral types, we examine coalescent models of consanguinity. We previously computed, for first-cousin consanguinity models, the mean coalescence time for X-chromosomal loci and the limiting distribution of coalescence times for autosomal loci. Here, we use the separation-of-time-scales approach to obtain the limiting distribution of coalescence times for X-chromosomal loci. This limiting distribution has an instantaneous coalescence probability that depends on the probability that a union is consanguineous; lineages that do not coalesce instantaneously coalesce according to an exponential distribution. We study the effects on the coalescence time distribution of the type of first-cousin consanguinity, showing that patrilateral-parallel and patrilateral-cross consanguinity have no effect on X-chromosomal coalescence time distributions and that matrilateral-parallel consanguinity decreases coalescence times to a greater extent than does matrilateral-cross consanguinity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49437,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Population Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10663546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rates of convergence in the two-island and isolation-with-migration models 双岛模型和移民隔离模型的收敛速度

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Theoretical Population Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.08.001

Brandon Legried, Jonathan Terhorst

引用次数: 0