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Why the belief in meritocracy is so pervasive. 为什么精英主义的信仰如此普遍。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.008
Ian R Hadden, Céline Darnon, Lewis Doyle, Matthew J Easterbrook, Sébastien Goudeau, Andrei Cimpian
{"title":"Why the belief in meritocracy is so pervasive.","authors":"Ian R Hadden, Céline Darnon, Lewis Doyle, Matthew J Easterbrook, Sébastien Goudeau, Andrei Cimpian","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People worldwide tend to believe that their societies are more meritocratic than they actually are. We propose the belief in meritocracy is widespread because it is rooted in simple, seemingly obvious causal-explanatory intuitions. Our proposal suggests solutions for debunking the myth of meritocracy and increasing support for equity-oriented policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using precision approaches to improve brain-behavior prediction. 利用精确方法改进大脑行为预测。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.007
Hyejin J Lee, Ally Dworetsky, Nathan Labora, Caterina Gratton
{"title":"Using precision approaches to improve brain-behavior prediction.","authors":"Hyejin J Lee, Ally Dworetsky, Nathan Labora, Caterina Gratton","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predicting individual behavioral traits from brain idiosyncrasies has broad practical implications, yet predictions vary widely. This constraint may be driven by a combination of signal and noise in both brain and behavioral variables. Here, we expand on this idea, highlighting the potential of extended sampling 'precision' studies. First, we discuss their relevance to improving the reliability of individualized estimates by minimizing measurement noise. Second, we review how targeted within-subject experiments, when combined with individualized analysis or modeling frameworks, can maximize signal. These improvements in signal-to-noise facilitated by precision designs can help boost prediction studies. We close by discussing the integration of precision approaches with large-sample consortia studies to leverage the advantages of both.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large-scale interactions in predictive processing: oscillatory versus transient dynamics. 预测处理中的大规模交互作用：振荡与瞬时动态。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.013
Martin Vinck, Cem Uran, Jarrod R Dowdall, Brian Rummell, Andres Canales-Johnson
{"title":"Large-scale interactions in predictive processing: oscillatory versus transient dynamics.","authors":"Martin Vinck, Cem Uran, Jarrod R Dowdall, Brian Rummell, Andres Canales-Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do the two main types of neural dynamics, aperiodic transients and oscillations, contribute to the interactions between feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways in sensory inference and predictive processing? We discuss three theoretical perspectives. First, we critically evaluate the theory that gamma and alpha/beta rhythms play a role in classic hierarchical predictive coding (HPC) by mediating FF and FB communication, respectively. Second, we outline an alternative functional model in which rapid sensory inference is mediated by aperiodic transients, whereas oscillations contribute to the stabilization of neural representations over time and plasticity processes. Third, we propose that the strong dependence of oscillations on predictability can be explained based on a biologically plausible alternative to classic HPC, namely dendritic HPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"133-148"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social structure and the evolutionary ecology of inequality. 社会结构和不平等的进化生态学。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.013
Daniel Redhead
{"title":"Social structure and the evolutionary ecology of inequality.","authors":"Daniel Redhead","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From rising disparities in income to limited socio-political representation for minority groups, inequality is a topic of perennial interest for contemporary society. Research in the evolutionary sciences has started to investigate how social structure allows inequality to evolve, but is developing in silo from existing work in the social and cognitive sciences. I synthesise these literatures to present a theoretical framework of how and why cultural and ecological conditions can create social structure that either produces or constrains inequality. According to this framework, such conditions dictate the costs and benefits of cooperation that shape individuals' social preferences and resulting behaviours. These behaviours aggregate to produce distinct structures of a society's social networks, which generate different levels of inequality observed across societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond punishment: psychological foundations of restorative interventions. 超越惩罚：恢复性干预的心理学基础。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.011
Katherine McAuliffe, Julia Marshall, Abby McLaughlin
{"title":"Beyond punishment: psychological foundations of restorative interventions.","authors":"Katherine McAuliffe, Julia Marshall, Abby McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work on the psychology of justice has largely focused on punishment. However, punishment is not our only strategy for dealing with conflict. Rather, emerging work suggests that people often respond to transgressions by compensating victims, involving third-party mediators, and engaging in forgiveness. These responses are linked in that they are involved in more restorative than retributive justice practices: they center victims as well as (or instead of) perpetrators and can help repair fractured relationships. Work with non-human animals echoes these findings: reconciliation and intervention by third parties play a key role in conflict management across taxa. In this review, we focus on these restorative interventions, with the aim of painting a more complete picture of the psychology of justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"149-169"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding the qualitative nature of human consciousness. 了解人类意识的定性本质。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.005
Chen Song
{"title":"Understanding the qualitative nature of human consciousness.","authors":"Chen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does the quality space come to be? 优质空间是如何形成的？
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.007
Krzysztof Dołęga, Inès Mentec, Axel Cleeremans
{"title":"How does the quality space come to be?","authors":"Krzysztof Dołęga, Inès Mentec, Axel Cleeremans","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107-108"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anxiety involves altered planning. 焦虑会改变计划。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.001
Paul B Sharp
{"title":"Anxiety involves altered planning.","authors":"Paul B Sharp","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinicians have suggested but not shown how anxiety involves altered planning. Here, I synthesize and extend computational models of planning in a framework that can be used to explain planning biases in anxiety. To spur its development, I spotlight two of its promising areas: task construal and meta-control.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"118-121"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empirical approaches to determining quality space computations for consciousness: a response to Dołęga et al. and Song. 确定意识质量空间计算的经验方法：对Dołęga等人和Song的回应。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.001
Stephen M Fleming, Nicholas Shea
{"title":"Empirical approaches to determining quality space computations for consciousness: a response to Dołęga et al. and Song.","authors":"Stephen M Fleming, Nicholas Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive maps and schizophrenia. 认知地图与精神分裂症
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.011
Matthew M Nour, Yunzhe Liu, Mohamady El-Gaby, Robert A McCutcheon, Raymond J Dolan
{"title":"Cognitive maps and schizophrenia.","authors":"Matthew M Nour, Yunzhe Liu, Mohamady El-Gaby, Robert A McCutcheon, Raymond J Dolan","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structured internal representations ('cognitive maps') shape cognition, from imagining the future and counterfactual past, to transferring knowledge to new settings. Our understanding of how such representations are formed and maintained in biological and artificial neural networks has grown enormously. The cognitive mapping hypothesis of schizophrenia extends this enquiry to psychiatry, proposing that diverse symptoms - from delusions to conceptual disorganization - stem from abnormalities in how the brain forms structured representations. These abnormalities may arise from a confluence of neurophysiological perturbations (excitation-inhibition imbalance, resulting in attractor instability and impaired representational capacity) and/or environmental factors such as early life psychosocial stressors (which impinge on representation learning). This proposal thus links knowledge of neural circuit abnormalities, environmental risk factors, and symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"184-200"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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