Transportmetrica最新文献

{"title":"Evidence that implementation intentions reduce single-occupancy car use in a rural population: moderating effects of compliance with instructions","authors":"C. Armitage, J. Reid, C. Spencer","doi":"10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation intentions have successfully changed a range of behaviours, but remain relatively untested in populations that might be less compliant with instructions than students. Four hundred and fifteen rural dwellers were randomly allocated to receive questionnaires only or a questionnaire furnished with an implementation intention instruction. Three hundred and fifty-two were successfully contacted again and provided follow-up data. The main outcome measure was single-occupancy car use; theory of planned behaviour variables were used as secondary outcome measures. Findings revealed that, across the full sample, implementation intentions successfully arrested an increase in single-occupancy car use, F(1, 365) = 4.62, p < 0.05,  = 0.01. Compliance with the instructions was low (25%) and significantly affected the findings: Whereas the single-occupancy car use of compliers significantly decreased, F(1, 51) = 7.39, p < 0.01,  = 0.13, the single-occupancy car use of non-compliers significantly increased, F(1, 155) = 12.14, p < 0.01,  = 0.07. Non-compliers were significantly less motivated to change their behaviour at baseline, F(5, 179) = 6.11, p < 0.01,  = 0.15. The findings provide support for the use of implementation intentions to promote pro-environmental behaviour in a rural population, but further research into the causes and consequences of non-compliance is required.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"455 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous traffic flow modelling: a complete methodology","authors":"C. Mallikarjuna, K. R. Rao","doi":"10.1080/18128601003706078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128601003706078","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive methodology for modelling the heterogeneous traffic is presented in this article. Considering the no-lane discipline and the presence of various sizes of vehicles, several microscopic and macroscopic traffic variables are analysed for their suitability in describing the heterogeneous traffic. Applicability in the modelling process and the feasibility in collecting field data are the important criteria used in deciding the suitable traffic variables. In place of occupancy, its variant termed as area occupancy was found to be suitable in describing the heterogeneous traffic. Vehicle size, mechanical characteristics, lateral distribution of vehicles and the lateral gaps maintained by them are found to be more suitable microscopic traffic variables. Data on these variables have been used in modifying the cell structure and the updating procedures of the cellular automata (CA)-based traffic flow model. A customised video image processing-based data collection technique has been used in collecting the field data on these variables. The modified CA model with the relevant parameter values has been used in simulating the flow. Model results are validated using the field data and the results expressed in terms of cells are found to be better in capacity analyses under heterogeneous traffic conditions as well as fit into the established traffic flow theory.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"321 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128601003706078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive, cooperative and Stackelberg congestion pricing for multiple regions in transportation networks","authors":"Xiaoning Zhang, H.M. Zhang, Haijun Huang, Lijun Sun, Tie-Qiao Tang","doi":"10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous studies of congestion pricing, it is assumed that the network is managed by a central authority with the objective to enhance the performance of the whole network. In practice, however, a transportation network often covers multiple administrative regions, and the subnetwork in each local region is managed separately by the local transportation authority with perhaps competing objectives. In this article, we propose practical pricing schemes that can take into account competition and/or collaboration between different administrative regions of the network. Both Nash and Stackelberg games are employed to capture the behaviour of local regions. Numerical examples show that local regional pricing may be beneficial or detrimental to the whole network, depending on the structure and O–D pattern of the network. And cooperation among regions in congestion pricing can improve overall system performance in terms of total social welfare.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"297 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Support System for emergency management on motorway networks","authors":"N. Mladineo, S. Knezic, Niksa Jajac","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244669","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an approach to problems of emergency management on motorways using a Decision Support System (DSS). The advantages of this approach in comparison with conventional operational methods are acceptable data management costs provided by spatial data already stored in a Geographical Information System (GIS), generation of new data using various spatial functions as well as transparency for all emergency services. DSS deploys GIS in conjunction with other decision models thus becoming a powerful tool for the coordination of all participants in a decision-making process during emergency situations giving them a more cooperative surrounding. For the purpose of more efficient emergency management on motorways, the main idea is to provide an organisational support by combining GIS with decision models in order to provide an effective spatial DSS concept.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"45 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling uncertainty in traffic and transportation systems","authors":"M. Ottomanelli, C. Wong","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244636","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue ‘Modelling uncertainty in traffic and transportation systems’ is based on selected papers presented at the 11th Meeting of the Euro Working Group on Transportation (EWGT) held in Bari, Italy, 2006 (Proceedings of the EWGT2006 Joint Conference 2006). The EWGT on Transportation has been paying attention to the topic of uncertainty in this field (Proceedings of the 9th Meeting of the EWGT and 13th Mini-EURO Conference 2002, Dell’Orco et al. 2005) since transportation is a complex system in which components and relationships are more or less dominated by uncertainty. Such uncertainty may be related to human behaviour (i.e. users, planners, decision makers, social interaction etc.), environment (i.e. available data, economic and political issue, land use, transport supply and technologies, local issues and habits, etc.) and other special events (i.e. natural disaster, emergency issue, exhibitions, etc.). Thus, in order to provide more effective and reliable transport problem solutions, transport system analysts and engineers have to face the different sources of uncertainty when modelling transportation systems and its main components, such as travel demand, transport supply, interaction between demand and supply and relevant analysis and assessments. Considering that uncertainty lying in transport system analysis is strictly linked to the concept of reliability of the models and then of the transport planning process itself, this topic has been drawing the attention of many researchers who have been trying to explicitly represent the uncertainties in the traffic models they have been proposing by following different theoretical approaches and paradigms. Such interest is demonstrated by the 12 papers that were submitted in response to the call for papers for this special issue and, after a peer reviewing process, we are pleased to present five accepted papers. The authors present different approaches facing the uncertainties lying in transportation planning and operations by considering various aspects of transportation and traffic system modelling. The uncertainty relevant to users’ choice behaviour is discussed in Sunitiyoso et al. and in Zito et al., where transport system perception is modelled by different approaches. In the first one, authors investigate the potential of incorporating social interaction and social learning in modelling travellers’ change of individual choice behaviour under uncertainty. The type of uncertainty considered in this paper is the uncertainty of transportation users about the choices of other travellers and they show how to incorporate these aspects in travel behaviour modelling. Two methods of study, laboratory and simulation experiments, are used to demonstrate that the effect of social information on users’ behaviour is strictly related to social learning type. The paper by Zito et al. is relevant to the effects of Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) on transit users behaviour. In parti","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of variation in demand and performance of urban expressways using dynamic path flow estimation","authors":"Jin-Young Kim, F. Kurauchi, N. Uno","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244685","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the dynamic characteristics of traffic demand is a key issue in designing a more reliable transport network. Identifying variations in link flow is easy, but it is impossible to determine variations in demand directly from observed traffic data. In this study, demand fluctuation was analysed using the dynamic path flow estimation method. Path flows were estimated using 1 year data from the Hanshin Expressway in Japan, and demand variations were analysed using the estimated results. This article also discusses the relationship between demand variations and external conditions such as weather and commercial practises. The results provide a valuable background for more detailed traffic control measures.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"63 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highway travel time accurate measurement and short-term prediction using multiple data sources","authors":"Francesc Soriguera, F. Robusté","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244651","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new traffic monitoring systems and the increasing interest of road operators and researchers in obtaining reliable travel time measurements, motivated by society's demands, have led to the development of multiple travel time data sources and estimation algorithms. This situation provides a perfect context for the implementation of data fusion methodologies to obtain the maximum accuracy from the combination of the available data. This article presents a new and simple approach for the short-term prediction of highway travel times, which represent an accurate estimation of the expected travel time for a driver commencing on a particular route. The algorithm is based on the fusion of different types of data that come from different sources (inductive loop detectors and toll tickets) and from different calculation algorithms. Although the data fusion algorithm presented herein is applied to these particular sources of data, it could easily be generalised to other equivalent types of data. The objective of the proposed data fusion process is to obtain a fused value more reliable and accurate than any of the individual estimations. The methodology overcomes some of the limitations of travel time estimation algorithms based on unique data sources, as the limited spatial coverage of the algorithms based on spot measurement or the information delay of direct travel time itinerary measurements when disseminating the information to the drivers in real time. The results obtained in the application of the methodology on the AP-7 highway, near Barcelona in Spain, are found to be reasonable and accurate. In short, the travel time data fusion algorithm presented in this article tries to be as simple as possible and yet still improve the existing naïve approaches.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"109 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the potential for recognising of social interaction and social learning in modelling travellers’ change of behaviour under uncertainty","authors":"Y. Sunitiyoso, E. Avineri, K. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244776","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the potential of incorporating social interaction and social learning in modelling travellers’ change of behaviour under uncertainty. The interdependent situation between travellers in using the road as a public good is considered a source of uncertainty to be studied. The role of social information in reducing the level of uncertainty is investigated. The research methodology utilises laboratory and simulation experiments. A social interdependence situation which is formulated as a hypothetical employer-based demand management initiative in reducing car use is used as the case study. A laboratory experiment demonstrates the dynamic processes of travel behaviour in making repeated travel decisions. Analyses on group and individual behaviours of travellers provide some indications about the existence of some types of social and individual learning mechanisms in their decision-making. The results of the laboratory experiment also provide basic information for developing a simulation model in the next stage of the study. The simulation experiment utilises an agent-based simulation model to simulate and analyse behaviours of individuals in larger environments, larger group sizes, longer time periods and various situational settings. The simulation experiments provide indications, which are supported by the evidence obtained from the laboratory experiment, that social information may have both positive and negative effects on individuals’ behaviour, depending on the form of social learning mechanisms that are used by travellers. Providing social information does not necessarily reduce the uncertainty level; however, it is shown to do so when social learning strongly exists among travellers.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"30 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new model for studying the SO-based pre-trip information release strategy and route choice behaviour","authors":"Wen-Xiang Wu, Haijun Huang","doi":"10.1080/18128600903222848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903222848","url":null,"abstract":"In reality, the predictive traffic information is rarely perfect. It is thus a rational assumption that travellers would not be completely in compliance with the guidance by advanced traveller information systems (ATIS). This article presents a Markovian decision programming (MDP) model for investigating the day-to-day receiving and adjusting process to the pre-trip information released by ATIS at route level. The goal is to seek an optimal information release strategy (IRS) for minimising the overall disutility under the assumption that travellers’ route choice is governed by a logit model on the base of adopted travel times. The properties of the model solution are analysed. It is found that there exists an optimal IRS that can drive the flow pattern to a system optimum (SO) if the behaviour adjustment parameter satisfies a condition as . The predictive information provided to drivers results in the oscillation of traffic flow among alternative routes when . The solution of the MDP model is obtained by solving a series of sequential minimisation programs. The model and algorithm are numerically verified on a test network.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"6 1","pages":"271 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903222848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cargo throughput response to factor cost differentials–an analysis for the port of Hong Kong","authors":"E. Hui, Man Hon Ng, J. Xu, T. Yip","doi":"10.1080/18128600903194427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903194427","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on port cargo throughput have been simplified. The regression models are mainly based on the autoregressive time series, in which the port throughput is regressed against the lagged value from the preceding time period. Most factors are assumed exogenous to port throughput. This approach is based on the premise that ports are oligopoly markets and many factors (e.g. port charges) are not available for inclusion in research. The main objective of this study is to include the costs of using the port in the regression model so as to reflect real commercial decision. Due to port costs generally not being available, the real estate prices and other factors are chosen as proxy variables to indicate indirectly the costs and benefits of using the port under study.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"6 1","pages":"235 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903194427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}