Transportmetrica最新文献

{"title":"Passenger car units and saturation flow models for highly heterogeneous traffic at urban signalised intersections","authors":"Padmakumar Radhakrishnan, Tom V. Mathew","doi":"10.1080/18128600903351001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903351001","url":null,"abstract":"Signalisation is a traffic control strategy to ease the competition by providing right-of-way in a cyclic manner to conflicting traffic at intersections. Saturation flow is a major component in the design of signals, and is influenced by a variety of factors like vehicle composition, intersection geometry and driver's behaviour. The highway capacity manual (HCM) has recommended a saturation flow model primarily for homogeneous conditions, with limited ability to address heterogeneity. But the traffic in many parts of the world is highly heterogeneous and hence, defining a unified saturation flow concept is a challenging task. The variability in vehicle types necessitates the use of passenger car units (PCUs). This article proposes a methodology to develop a saturation flow model based on dynamic PCUs by a microscopic analysis. Field data from intersections of three Indian cities – Jaipur, Bangalore and Trivandrum – is used for the study. PCU values are derived from the field data, by minimising the difference between the observed and the ideal flow profiles. A new saturation flow model is then developed using the regression method. The model is validated with the saturation flows collected from different locations. In addition, the flow predicted by the saturation flow model is used to estimate delay using the HCM and Webster's models, and these delays are compared to the observed delays. The proposed model resulted in lower error compared to the conventional flow estimation techniques.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"141 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903351001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiclass first-order traffic model using stochastic fundamental diagrams","authors":"D. Ngoduy","doi":"10.1080/18128600903251334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903251334","url":null,"abstract":"The first-order continuum traffic model has been extensively studied in the state-of-the-art of traffic flow theory due to its simplicity and capability to represent many real traffic problems, such as a shock-wave formation. Furthermore, recent extension of the first-order model to multiclass traffic dynamics has revealed some interesting non-linear traffic phenomena such as hysteresis and capacity drop. However, most of the existing first-order continuum models do not display the widely scattered flow–density relationship. We argue in this article that the widely scattered flow–density relationship might be caused by the random variations in driving behaviour. It is shown that both of the hysteresis transitions and the wide scattering can be reproduced by a multiclass first-order model with a stochastic setting in the model parameters. The simulation results support our findings and are in good agreement with the real data.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"111 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903251334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable message sign operating strategies: simple examples","authors":"Seungjae Lee, Sungwhee Shin","doi":"10.1080/18128602.2010.498004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.498004","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a game-theoretic model of information transmission for variable message sign (VMS) operations. The model contains one VMS operator and many drivers. The operator wants to minimise the total travel time of all the drivers, while each driver wants to minimise his own travel time. The operator, who knows the actual traffic situation, sends drivers’ the traffic information strategically. The drivers evaluate the information from the operator, and then choose their optimal route. We model this situation as a cheap-talk game, which is one of the simplest forms of a Bayesian game. Depending on the shapes of the travel time function, the optimal information provision in equilibrium varies from full provision to partial provision.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"443 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128602.2010.498004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence that implementation intentions reduce single-occupancy car use in a rural population: moderating effects of compliance with instructions","authors":"C. Armitage, J. Reid, C. Spencer","doi":"10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation intentions have successfully changed a range of behaviours, but remain relatively untested in populations that might be less compliant with instructions than students. Four hundred and fifteen rural dwellers were randomly allocated to receive questionnaires only or a questionnaire furnished with an implementation intention instruction. Three hundred and fifty-two were successfully contacted again and provided follow-up data. The main outcome measure was single-occupancy car use; theory of planned behaviour variables were used as secondary outcome measures. Findings revealed that, across the full sample, implementation intentions successfully arrested an increase in single-occupancy car use, F(1, 365) = 4.62, p < 0.05,  = 0.01. Compliance with the instructions was low (25%) and significantly affected the findings: Whereas the single-occupancy car use of compliers significantly decreased, F(1, 51) = 7.39, p < 0.01,  = 0.13, the single-occupancy car use of non-compliers significantly increased, F(1, 155) = 12.14, p < 0.01,  = 0.07. Non-compliers were significantly less motivated to change their behaviour at baseline, F(5, 179) = 6.11, p < 0.01,  = 0.15. The findings provide support for the use of implementation intentions to promote pro-environmental behaviour in a rural population, but further research into the causes and consequences of non-compliance is required.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"455 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128602.2010.505591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous traffic flow modelling: a complete methodology","authors":"C. Mallikarjuna, K. R. Rao","doi":"10.1080/18128601003706078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128601003706078","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive methodology for modelling the heterogeneous traffic is presented in this article. Considering the no-lane discipline and the presence of various sizes of vehicles, several microscopic and macroscopic traffic variables are analysed for their suitability in describing the heterogeneous traffic. Applicability in the modelling process and the feasibility in collecting field data are the important criteria used in deciding the suitable traffic variables. In place of occupancy, its variant termed as area occupancy was found to be suitable in describing the heterogeneous traffic. Vehicle size, mechanical characteristics, lateral distribution of vehicles and the lateral gaps maintained by them are found to be more suitable microscopic traffic variables. Data on these variables have been used in modifying the cell structure and the updating procedures of the cellular automata (CA)-based traffic flow model. A customised video image processing-based data collection technique has been used in collecting the field data on these variables. The modified CA model with the relevant parameter values has been used in simulating the flow. Model results are validated using the field data and the results expressed in terms of cells are found to be better in capacity analyses under heterogeneous traffic conditions as well as fit into the established traffic flow theory.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"321 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128601003706078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive, cooperative and Stackelberg congestion pricing for multiple regions in transportation networks","authors":"Xiaoning Zhang, H.M. Zhang, Haijun Huang, Lijun Sun, Tie-Qiao Tang","doi":"10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous studies of congestion pricing, it is assumed that the network is managed by a central authority with the objective to enhance the performance of the whole network. In practice, however, a transportation network often covers multiple administrative regions, and the subnetwork in each local region is managed separately by the local transportation authority with perhaps competing objectives. In this article, we propose practical pricing schemes that can take into account competition and/or collaboration between different administrative regions of the network. Both Nash and Stackelberg games are employed to capture the behaviour of local regions. Numerical examples show that local regional pricing may be beneficial or detrimental to the whole network, depending on the structure and O–D pattern of the network. And cooperation among regions in congestion pricing can improve overall system performance in terms of total social welfare.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"297 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128602.2010.502547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Support System for emergency management on motorway networks","authors":"N. Mladineo, S. Knezic, Niksa Jajac","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244669","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an approach to problems of emergency management on motorways using a Decision Support System (DSS). The advantages of this approach in comparison with conventional operational methods are acceptable data management costs provided by spatial data already stored in a Geographical Information System (GIS), generation of new data using various spatial functions as well as transparency for all emergency services. DSS deploys GIS in conjunction with other decision models thus becoming a powerful tool for the coordination of all participants in a decision-making process during emergency situations giving them a more cooperative surrounding. For the purpose of more efficient emergency management on motorways, the main idea is to provide an organisational support by combining GIS with decision models in order to provide an effective spatial DSS concept.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"45 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling uncertainty in traffic and transportation systems","authors":"M. Ottomanelli, C. Wong","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244636","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue ‘Modelling uncertainty in traffic and transportation systems’ is based on selected papers presented at the 11th Meeting of the Euro Working Group on Transportation (EWGT) held in Bari, Italy, 2006 (Proceedings of the EWGT2006 Joint Conference 2006). The EWGT on Transportation has been paying attention to the topic of uncertainty in this field (Proceedings of the 9th Meeting of the EWGT and 13th Mini-EURO Conference 2002, Dell’Orco et al. 2005) since transportation is a complex system in which components and relationships are more or less dominated by uncertainty. Such uncertainty may be related to human behaviour (i.e. users, planners, decision makers, social interaction etc.), environment (i.e. available data, economic and political issue, land use, transport supply and technologies, local issues and habits, etc.) and other special events (i.e. natural disaster, emergency issue, exhibitions, etc.). Thus, in order to provide more effective and reliable transport problem solutions, transport system analysts and engineers have to face the different sources of uncertainty when modelling transportation systems and its main components, such as travel demand, transport supply, interaction between demand and supply and relevant analysis and assessments. Considering that uncertainty lying in transport system analysis is strictly linked to the concept of reliability of the models and then of the transport planning process itself, this topic has been drawing the attention of many researchers who have been trying to explicitly represent the uncertainties in the traffic models they have been proposing by following different theoretical approaches and paradigms. Such interest is demonstrated by the 12 papers that were submitted in response to the call for papers for this special issue and, after a peer reviewing process, we are pleased to present five accepted papers. The authors present different approaches facing the uncertainties lying in transportation planning and operations by considering various aspects of transportation and traffic system modelling. The uncertainty relevant to users’ choice behaviour is discussed in Sunitiyoso et al. and in Zito et al., where transport system perception is modelled by different approaches. In the first one, authors investigate the potential of incorporating social interaction and social learning in modelling travellers’ change of individual choice behaviour under uncertainty. The type of uncertainty considered in this paper is the uncertainty of transportation users about the choices of other travellers and they show how to incorporate these aspects in travel behaviour modelling. Two methods of study, laboratory and simulation experiments, are used to demonstrate that the effect of social information on users’ behaviour is strictly related to social learning type. The paper by Zito et al. is relevant to the effects of Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) on transit users behaviour. In parti","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of variation in demand and performance of urban expressways using dynamic path flow estimation","authors":"Jin-Young Kim, F. Kurauchi, N. Uno","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244685","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the dynamic characteristics of traffic demand is a key issue in designing a more reliable transport network. Identifying variations in link flow is easy, but it is impossible to determine variations in demand directly from observed traffic data. In this study, demand fluctuation was analysed using the dynamic path flow estimation method. Path flows were estimated using 1 year data from the Hanshin Expressway in Japan, and demand variations were analysed using the estimated results. This article also discusses the relationship between demand variations and external conditions such as weather and commercial practises. The results provide a valuable background for more detailed traffic control measures.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"63 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59925076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highway travel time accurate measurement and short-term prediction using multiple data sources","authors":"Francesc Soriguera, F. Robusté","doi":"10.1080/18128600903244651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18128600903244651","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new traffic monitoring systems and the increasing interest of road operators and researchers in obtaining reliable travel time measurements, motivated by society's demands, have led to the development of multiple travel time data sources and estimation algorithms. This situation provides a perfect context for the implementation of data fusion methodologies to obtain the maximum accuracy from the combination of the available data. This article presents a new and simple approach for the short-term prediction of highway travel times, which represent an accurate estimation of the expected travel time for a driver commencing on a particular route. The algorithm is based on the fusion of different types of data that come from different sources (inductive loop detectors and toll tickets) and from different calculation algorithms. Although the data fusion algorithm presented herein is applied to these particular sources of data, it could easily be generalised to other equivalent types of data. The objective of the proposed data fusion process is to obtain a fused value more reliable and accurate than any of the individual estimations. The methodology overcomes some of the limitations of travel time estimation algorithms based on unique data sources, as the limited spatial coverage of the algorithms based on spot measurement or the information delay of direct travel time itinerary measurements when disseminating the information to the drivers in real time. The results obtained in the application of the methodology on the AP-7 highway, near Barcelona in Spain, are found to be reasonable and accurate. In short, the travel time data fusion algorithm presented in this article tries to be as simple as possible and yet still improve the existing naïve approaches.","PeriodicalId":49416,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"109 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/18128600903244651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59924960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}