Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Mechanism of Cytotoxic Action of Gold and Silver Polyacrylates on Tumor Cells","authors":"A. K. Chigasova,&nbsp;L. A. Ostrovskaya,&nbsp;D. B. Korman,&nbsp;N. V. Bluhterova,&nbsp;K. A. Abzaeva","doi":"10.1134/S000635092570071X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000635092570071X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possible role of the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in the cytotoxic effect of gold (aurumacryl) and silver (argacryl) polyacrylates on tumor cells (an MCF7 cell culture) was studied. For this purpose, the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, known as a free radical scavenger, on the cytotoxic effect of drugs and on the value of the specific reactive oxygen species marker was investigated. Argacryl was found to have higher cytotoxic activity than aurumacryl, with an IC50 coefficient of 55 and 300 μg/mL, respectively, at 24 h exposure. It has been shown that the generation of reactive oxygen species is one of the key mechanisms in realizing the cytotoxic effect of aurumacryl, while the cytotoxic effect of argacryl is not associated with the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in tumor cells under the influence of the drug. These results indicate that gold and silver polyacrylates, as active cytotoxic agents, have significant differences in the mechanism of action due to the nature of the metals contained in the preparations, which is in good agreement with the data we obtained earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"667 - 672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dihydroquercetin Normalizes Glucose Levels and Suppresses Oxidative Stress in the Aorta of Alloxan-Treated Rats","authors":"T. V. Samokhvalova,&nbsp;A. F. Korystova,&nbsp;V. V. Shaposhnikova,&nbsp;Y. N. Korystov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700769","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700769","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pathological changes in blood vessels in diabetes are determined by oxidative stress. The effect of flavonoids on oxidative stress in blood vessels in diabetes has not been studied. In this work, we investigated the effect of flavononol dihydroquercetin on blood glucose levels, the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, and the formation of reactive oxygen species in the aorta of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. The activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme in the aortic segments was determined by the hydrolysis of hypuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine and the formation of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. It has been shown that dihydroquercetin reduces blood glucose levels, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and formation of reactive oxygen species in the aorta of diabetic rats to the values of these parameters in the aorta of control rats. Dihydroquercetin also normalizes the glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. The effects of dihydroquercetin disappear after stopping its consumption. Thus, dihydroquercetin may be useful for the treatment of diabetes, but its consumption should be continuous.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"708 - 713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betahistine Normalizes the State of Mitochondria in Deiters Neurons during Vestibular Stimulation","authors":"I. B. Mikheeva,&nbsp;N. S. Zhuykova,&nbsp;E. R. Shafikova,&nbsp;A. I. Panait,&nbsp;L. L. Pavlik,&nbsp;V. I. Arkhipov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700654","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700654","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the state of mitochondria in neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters in mice after 8-hour vestibular stimulation was studied. It was shown that significant changes occurred in the mitochondria of Deiters neurons one hour after stimulation: an increase in area, disruption of the cristae structure, and the presence of mitophagosomes. At the same time, the level of mRNA of proteins-markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α), their division (DRP-1), and the fusion of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (MFN1, MFN2, OPA) increased, indicating the activation of mitogenesis in Deiters neurons as a result of stimulation of the vestibular system. The introduction per os of betahistine 30 min before stimulation at a dose of 300 mg/kg prevented mitochondrial disruptions and the formation of mitophagosomes. The obtained data indicate that under increased vestibular stimulation, Deiters neurons can undergo significant damage. The revealed mechanisms of mitochondrial damage allow us to define a potential strategy for the treatment of diseases associated with impaired mitochondrial dynamics (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases or ischemia).</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"619 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Cellular Chaperones and Co-Chaperones Associated with Heat Shock Proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70 in Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080 Cells That Do Not Synthesize Hsp90β","authors":"V. S. Petrenko,&nbsp;V. V. Vrublevskaya,&nbsp;O. S. Morenkov,&nbsp;Y. Y. Skarga,&nbsp;M. A. Zhmurina","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700691","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat shock protein Hsp90 is an important cellular chaperone that contributes to the folding, stabilization, and regulation of specific target proteins involved in many cellular processes. Mammalian cells contain two isoforms of Hsp90, the inducible isoform Hsp90α and the constitutive isoform Hsp90β. Recently, we showed that knockout of the HP90AB1 gene encoding Hsp90β in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (Hsp90β-KO cells) did not affect cell proliferation as well as resistance to heat shock and oxidative stress, while slightly reduced cell migration. This indicates the adaptation of cells and the cellular chaperone machinery to the loss of one of the key cellular chaperones, Hsp90β. In this work, using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, we found that knockout of the gene encoding Hsp90β was accompanied by changes in the expression and content of individual chaperones and co-chaperones associated with Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperone machineries. In the HSP90 family of chaperones/co-chaperones, an increase in the expression and content of the cytosolic isoform of Hsp90α remaining in the cell and upregulation of a number of important Hsp90 co-chaperones (FKBP4 and HOP) were observed. The expression and content of key chaperones, inducible Hsp70, constitutive Hsc70, and mitochondrial GRP75, were significantly increased in the HSP70 family of chaperones/co-chaperones. As a result, some mechanisms of adaptation of Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperone machineries in response to the loss of one of the key chaperones, Hsp90β, by cells have been established for the first time. The Hsp90β-KO cells we created that do not express Hsp90β can be considered as a cellular model of pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90β function by promising Hsp90β-specific inhibitors created for tumor therapy. The revealed changes in Hsp90- and Hsp70-associated chaperones and co-chaperones in response to the loss of Hsp90β demonstrate probable changes in the cellular chaperone machinery in response to the suppression of Hsp90β by such inhibitors and can be taken into account when developing combined therapeutic strategies using Hsp90β-specific inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"651 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nature of Thiol-Containing Ligands in Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes as a Factor Determining the Stability of These Complexes","authors":"A. F. Vanin,&nbsp;N. A. Tkachev,&nbsp;V. D. Mikoyan,&nbsp;V. E. Raevskaya,&nbsp;N. B. Asanbaeva,&nbsp;E. G. Bagryanskaya","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700599","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stability of the binuclear form of dinitrosyl iron complexes with various thiol-containing ligands, such as glutathione, L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, mercaptoethanol, and mercaptosuccinate, has been compared based on the results of exposure of these complexes in an aqueous medium at pH 1.0–2.0, leading to their decomposition as a result of protonation of the thiol group of thiol-containing ligands with the release from the complexes of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrosonium (NO+) cations. Complexes with L-cysteine and mercaptosuccinate turned out to be the least stable, they decomposed in acidic solutions at room temperature, whereas the more stable complexes with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, mercaptoethanol, and glutathione decomposed when their solutions were heated at 70–80°C. The decomposition of all these complexes under these conditions occurred within a few min with a concentration ratio of free (not included in the complexes) thiols and the complexes themselves of no more than 1 : 2. With an increase in this ratio, the decomposition time of the complexes increased symbatically with the level of free thiols. The mononuclear form of the thiosulfate complexes decomposed at a thiosulfate/complex concentration ratio of 2 for several min in an aqueous solution at neutral pH. Based on the results obtained, it is assumed that binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with L-cysteine can act as the most effective exogenous NO and NO+ donors in experiments on living organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"561 - 576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygenic Photosynthesis in silico: Ferredoxin and Alternative Electron Transport Pathways","authors":"A. V. Vershubskii,&nbsp;A. N. Tikhonov","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700617","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work is devoted to the mathematical analysis of alternative electron transport pathways in chloroplasts related to the functioning of ferredoxin molecules located at the “crossroad” of electron transport pathways on the acceptor side of photosystem I. This study is based on the kinetic model we proposed earlier, which describes the light-induced transformations of the reaction centers of photosystem I and photosystem II, ferredoxin, plastoquinone, and plastocyanin molecules, as well as the processes of trans-thylakoid proton transfer and ATP synthesis. The effect of alternative channels of electron outflow from ferredoxin molecules (reduction of molecular oxygen, cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and reduction of thioredoxin) on the dynamics of light-induced redox transformations of electron transport chain transporters has been studied. It has been shown that accelerated electron outflow from photosystem I contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the centers of photosystem I, which is especially important at the initial stages of chloroplast illumination when the Calvin–Benson cycle is inactive. Alternative electron fluxes make it possible to maintain a sufficiently high trans-thylakoid pH difference (ΔрН ≈ 1.8), ensuring efficient synthesis of ATP. The results obtained are compared with experimental data in the context of pH-dependent mechanisms of regulation of electron transport and energy metabolism processes associated with the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"582 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Heterogenous Properties of Potassium Glutamate Neurons in the Ventral and Dorsal Regions of the SA1 Hippopotamus","authors":"A. S. Galashin,&nbsp;M. V. Konakov,&nbsp;V. V. Dynnik","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700642","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative study of the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal (PC) neurons of the dorsal and ventral parts of the CA1 region of the hippocampus of mice was conducted using the patch-clamp method in the “whole cell” configuration. The potassium load was used as a parameter for cell type discrimination (an increase in [K+]o from 3.0 to 8.5 mM in the medium). It has been established that two types of cells with different sensitivities to potassium are found in both parts of the CA1 region. In PC-A type cells, the burst activity caused by a step of current I (from 10 to 200 pA) is potentiated by potassium with an increase in [K+]o to 8.5 mM, whereas in PC-I type cells at currents I &lt; 100 pA there is no effect of potassium loading and at currents ≥125 pA suppression of burst activity is observed. The ratios of the number of PC-A/PC-I cells in the ventral and dorsal regions are 16 : 5 and 8 : 8, respectively. Potassium potentiation of burst activity is higher in ventral PC-A cells than in dorsal cells. The threshold current (Ith) decreases by 2.5 times and a spontaneous burst (pacemaker) activity is manifested only in PC-A cells with potassium loading. The Sag potential and the adaptation index of induced impulse activity are higher in the ventral PC-A cells than in the dorsal cells. The potassium load reduces the Sag potential. An analysis of the voltage characteristics shows that incoming and outgoing (predominantly) slow potassium currents are activated under a potassium load. The currents in the ventral neurons of both types are 1.5–2.0 times lower than in the dorsal neurons (at –100 and +20 mV). Taken together, these data suggest that <span>({text{K}}_{{text{o}}}^{ + })</span>-sensitive ventral PC-A cells can play an important role in hyperexcitation of neural networks and induction of epileptogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"606 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ethanol on Proliferation, Contraction and Migration of Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells","authors":"V. K. Zhalimov,&nbsp;E. I. Meshcheryakova,&nbsp;L. G. Bobyleva,&nbsp;I. M. Vikhlyantsev,&nbsp;Yu. V. Gritsyna","doi":"10.1134/S000635092570068X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000635092570068X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of 24 h exposure to ethanol at concentrations of 50 and 100 mM on the proliferative, migration, and contractile activity of thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells of rats of three age groups was studied, the early neonatal period of development (1-week-old rats), puberty (5-month-old rats), and the initial period of aging (one-year-old rats). Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the proliferative activity of smooth muscle cells by comparing the relative amount of genomic DNA between control and experiment; wound healing assay was used to determine the migration activity of smooth muscle cells; and a method for assessing the degree of compression of collagen gel was used to determine the level of contractile activity of cells. Ethanol at a concentration of 50 mM did not change the studied properties of aortic smooth muscle cells of rats of all age groups. In the presence of ethanol at a concentration of 100 mM, the following effects were observed: an increase of ~38% (p &lt; 0.01) in proliferative and a decrease of ~12% (p &lt; 0.01) in contractile activity of smooth muscle cells of the aorta of rats of the early neonatal period, as well as a decrease in contractile activity (by ~7%, p &lt; 0.01) and proliferative activity (by ~21%, p &lt; 0.01) of cells of 5-month-old and one-year-old rats. It can be concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 100 mM has different effects on the studied rat cells depending on the age group of animals, and the smooth muscle cells of the aorta of rats in the early neonatal period of development are more sensitive to the effects of ethanol.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"643 - 650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Thr–Ser–Lys–Tyr Peptide on Actin Polymerization in vitro","authors":"G. Z. Mikhailova,&nbsp;L. G. Bobyleva,&nbsp;A. G. Bobylev,&nbsp;T. A. Uryupina,&nbsp;S. N. Udaltsov,&nbsp;R. H. Ziganshin,&nbsp;L. I. Kramarova,&nbsp;I. M. Vikhlyantsev","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700605","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the Thr–Ser–Lys–Tyr peptide isolated from the brain of the obligate hibernating long-tailed ground squirrel Urocitellus undulatus (formerly Citellus undulatus, Spermophilus undulatus) on the polymerization/depolymerization of actin in vitro was studied by electron microscopy. Upon incubation of the peptide with globular (monomeric) actin at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL (at a ratio of 1 : 1), the formation of single filaments of actin was observed. When the peptide was added to the formed actin filaments, no effects were observed, in particular, actin depolymerization. The possible involvement of the peptide in the polymerization of actin in vivo and a possible contribution to the restoration of the functional activity of the central nervous system after the hibernating animal leaves the state of hypothermia are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"577 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Protection of Cells from Damage: Is This Atavistic Mechanism Activated During the Development of Various Forms of Cancer?","authors":"P. M. Schwartsburd","doi":"10.1134/S0006350925700745","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006350925700745","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review analyzes the hypothesis of the retained abilities of various specialized mammalian cells to protect themselves from lethal damage by reactivating the protective atavistic mechanism of cellular plasticity. The development of such protection is accompanied by the transition of differentiated cells from an oxygen-dependent to an oxygen-independent type of metabolism. This transition increases the threshold of cell resistance to death under cancer-inducing damaging effects. At the same time, the level of cell differentiation decreases and embryonic markers appear. Such immature cells are necessary for the regeneration of damaged tissues. However, the regeneration programs of the embryo and the adult body differ significantly. As a result, the process of cellular redifferentiation would be forced to develop not in embryonic conditions but in “nonhealing wound” conditions, in which increases the risk of cancer initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":493,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics","volume":"70 4","pages":"693 - 700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.033,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}