Veterinaria Mexico最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae in the control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans ( Diptera: Muscidae ), under natural infestation conditions","authors":"C. Cruz-Vázquez, Juan Carvajal-Márquez, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, I. Vitela-Mendoza, C. Ángel-Sahagún","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.4.2.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.4.2.384","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Cruz Vazquez C, Carvajal Marquez J, Lezama Gutierrez R, Vitela Mendoza I, Angel Sahagun CA. Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae in the control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans ( Diptera: Muscidae ), under natural infestation conditions. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.2.384 . The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 134 (Ma134), for dairy cattle naturally infested with Haematobia irritans (L.) An aqueous formulation of 1 x 10 8 conidia/ml was applied by aspersion on a group of eight cows every seven days for a total of four applications, while a control group was sprayed with the same solution without conidial content. The degree of horn fly infestation was estimated daily in both groups by the direct count of adult flies found resting or feeding on the animals, and Abbott’s formula was used to calculate the effectiveness of the formulation. The Ma134 formulation resulted in a 68.6 % reduction of the fly infestation during the study period, and a significant reduction was observed from the first week post-application ( p < 0.05). The results show that the Ma134 formulation is effective in reducing infestations of horn fly, H. irritans , on dairy cattle under natural conditions. Thus, the fungus, Ma134, can be considered a candidate for biological control for the integrated management of H. irritans . Figure 1. Infestation index of horn flies, Haematobia irritans , on cows treated with the aqueous formulation of Ma134","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.4.2.384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49155315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using spatial tools for high impact zoonotic agent surveillance design in backyard production systems in central Chile","authors":"R. Alegría-Morán, A. Lazo, S. Urcelay, C. Hamilton‐West","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.4.1.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.435","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Alegria Moran R, Lazo A, Urcelay S, Hamilton West C. Using spatial tools for high impact zoonotic agents’ surveillance design in backyard production systems from central Chile. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.435 Specific locations of backyard production systems (BPSs) in Chile remain unclear, creating dificulties for designing surveillance activities for promptly detecting zoonotic agents with high impacts on health, such as avian influenza and Salmonella spp. This study aims to prove the use of spatial tools for improving the surveillance of BPSs in central Chile. A stratified and proportional random sampling was performed in 15 provinces of the Valparaiso, Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins and Metropolitana regions. In this sampling, 329 BPSs were detected. In the first stage, 329 random sample points were allocated within the study area that searched for BPSs with poultry or swine breeding. Then, these random points were validated with remote sensing and in the field by searching for the presence of rural or semi-rural areas, nearby crops and houses or small towns within a 5 km radius around each point, while points allocated over hills or water sources (lakes or rivers) were discarded. Over 70 % of the sampling points were correctly allocated. In Los Andes, Cordillera and Chacabuco, less than 50 % of the points were allocated within feasible sampling areas. From the total BPSs sampled, 89 % met the 5 km radius criteria, and in the provinces of Valparaiso, Cordillera and Cachapoal, over 20 % of the sampling points were outside the radius criteria. This study is the first in Chile to explore the locations and sanitary statuses of BPSs. Given the lack of knowledge about the specific locations of BPSs, their identification during field activities represents a high cost for the surveillance of pathogens. We argue that using spatial tools in BPS surveillance design is an important support for healthcare management. Figure 1. Random sampling points by province assigned using ArcGIS® 10 and compatible zone detection by using free spatial tools. A. Study region with random sampling points. Study area and provinces: (1) Petorca; (2) Valparaiso, (3) Quillota; (4) San Felipe; (5) Los Andes; (6) San Antonio; (7) Melipilla; (8) Chacabuco; (9) Santiago; (10) Cordillera; (11) Talagante; (12) Maipo; (13) Cardenal Caro; (14) Cachapoal; (15) Colchagua. B. Random point (red pushpin) located in the Andes Mountains and 5 km searching area (yellow circle). C. Random point (red pushpin) and sampling candidate backyard farms (Yellow paddle) within less than 5 km.","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of glycyrrhizic acid (Viusid-Vet® powder) on the reduction of influenza virus spread and on production parameters in pigs","authors":"L. Ocampo-Camberos, G. Tapia, L. Gutiérrez, H. Sumano-López","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.4.1.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.373","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Ocampo Camberos L, Tapia G, Gutierrez L, Sumano Lopez HS. Effects of glycyrrhizic acid (Viusid-Vet® powder) on the reduction of influenza virus spread and on production parameters in pigs. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.373 Influenza viruses are among the most important respiratory pathogens in pigs and humans. They cause seasonal epidemics in pigs and occasional pandemics in humans. Herbal remedies have been regarded as suitable elements to aid in controlling influenza. This study was carried out to analyse the effects of the in-feed administration of glycyrrhizic acid, the best-known component of liquorice (as Viusid-Vet® powder), in pigs suffering an outbreak of influenza. Eighty crossbred Duroc-Landrace pigs, one day post-weaning (22 days old), were included in this trial. Piglets were randomly divided into the following two groups: those treated with glycyrrhizic acid and an untreated control group. Serological measurements to assess viral load and humoral responses were carried out. Blood samples from pigs were obtained every fortnight, starting on week two and ending on week 15. With these samples, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were performed, using A/swine/New Jersey/11/76 (H1N1) and A/swine/Minnesota/9088-2/98 (H3N2) as reference viruses. Quantitative RT-PCR tests against the M gene of the influenza virus were also performed to assess viral shedding from nasal swab samples on weeks 1 to 8 after the beginning of the trial. Weight variables were assessed weekly for 18 weeks. In the HI tests, treated animals showed fewer positive responses compared to the control group for H1N1 and H3N2. However, a positive response to viral protection, as assessed by HI tests, was regarded as not conclusive of humoral immune stimulation. qRT-PCR tests for viral spread exhibited a lower rate of excretion for the treated group compared to the untreated one. Hence, it appears that glycyrrhizic acid stimulates, to some extent, immune responses against pig influenza as measured by viral shedding. For mean body weight, the generalized estimating equations show a higher weight gain for pigs treated with glycyrrhizic acid than the control group (P = 0.0001). These effects may assist producers in addressing the aftermath of an influenza outbreak. Figure 1. Results of RT-PCR viral shedding test against the M gene. (Likelihood χ21,7 = 19.2 P = 0.0001).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación de la presencia de receptores celulares al virus de Influenza Aviar en oviductos de aves sujetas a muda forzada usando inmunofluorescencia","authors":"Elizabeth Castillo-Villanueva, Félix Sánchez-Godoy, Magdalena Escorcia","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Como citar este articulo: Castillo Villanueva E, Sanchez Godoy F, Escorcia M. Evaluacion de la presencia de receptores celulares al virus de Influenza Aviar en oviductos de aves sujetas a muda forzada usando inmunofluorescencia. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.416 . Durante el 2012, un brote de Influenza Aviar de Alta Patogenicidad ocasionado por el subtipo H7N3, en Mexico, infecto y ocasiono la muerte o el sacrificio de alrededor de 22 millones de aves ponedoras. Durante este periodo, el principal desafio de los avicultores fue asegurar el flujo de comercializacion del huevo. Ademas de los protocolos sanitarios y de vacunacion, se implementaron manejos de muda forzada en la zona afectada. Este manejo aseguro el mantenimiento de la produccion de huevo en zonas cuarentenadas, pues disminuyo la mortalidad de las parvadas infectadas y reestimulo el retorno a la produccion normal de huevo. Para entender como la muda forzada redujo la mortalidad de las aves infectadas, examinamos la distribucion del receptor del virus de Influenza Aviar en el oviducto de gallinas sujetas a muda forzada. Evaluamos si los cambios en el tracto reproductivo causado por la muda forzada disminuyen la expresion del receptor especifico en la membrana celular. La presencia de receptores especificos determina la susceptibilidad del hospedador al virus de Influenza. Utilizamos la tecnica de inmunofluorescencia con la lectina Maackia amurensis para identificar la presencia del receptor viral en cortes histologicos de oviductos de aves en produccion y en oviductos de aves con muda forzada. Los resultados mostraron la presencia y distribucion de los receptores a Influenza Aviar. Observamos una fuerte senal de los receptores en los cortes histologicos de los oviductos de aves en produccion. Por el contrario, la senal fue baja en los oviductos de aves sometidas a muda. Estos resultados demuestran una disminucion en el numero de receptores de aves sometidas a muda forzada. La falta de receptores afecta la infeccion y la replicacion del virus, asi como los danos inducidos por el virus en el oviducto, lo que podria ayudar a explicar la observacion en el campo de que las aves infectadas con Influenza Aviar y sometidas a muda forzada sobreviven mas que las aves a las que no se les somete a muda. Figura 2. A. Se observa abundante expresion del receptor del virus de IA, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana en las areas apicales de las celulas de la mucosa del epitelio de la region del utero de oviductos de gallinas sanas en produccion. Barra 100 µm. B. Receptores al virus de influenza (flechas), marcados por fluorescencia verde manzana, localizados en las celulas epiteliales de los ductos glandulares de la region de magnum del oviducto del grupo de aves sanas en produccion. Barra: 100 µm. C. Corte histologico de aves sanas sometidas a muda forzada. El receptor del virus de influenza, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana, s","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s recognition of working donkeys’ needs in Tuliman, Mexico: Preliminary observations","authors":"T. Tadich-Gallo, Aline S. Dealuja, Roberto Cagigas, F. Galindo","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.404","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Tadich Gallo TA, de Aluja A, Cagigas R, Galindo F. Children’s recognition of working donkeys’ needs in Tuliman, Mexico: Preliminary observations. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.404 Working equids remain an important source of income for thousands of families in developing countries. Children commonly participate actively in the husbandry practices associated with their working equids around the world, and can therefore have an important impact on their welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate the recognition of nine basic needs of donkeys by children between eight and eleven years of age. Animal welfare talks were provided in classrooms of schools in the community of Tuliman, Mexico, to children between eight and eleven years of age. Children were then asked to represent their donkey’s needs through drawings. The number and percentage of children able to recognize different needs was then quantified. Through their drawings, children easily recognized the need to provide food and water, but they rarely recognized the need for veterinary services. Inclusion of educational strategies at younger ages could have an impact on the welfare of working equids within communities. Figure 2. Examples of children’s drawings including the needs they identified. Some of the needs drawn include corn (food), water, grooming and love, as represented by a heart (positive human-animal bond).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the aroA mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models","authors":"Cristina Ibarra Zazueta, B. A. Reynoso, R. Castro, E. G. P. Resendiz, E. D. Aparicio","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Ibarra Zazueta C, Arellano Reynoso B, Hernandez Castro R, Palomares Resendiz EG, Diaz Aparicio E. Evaluation of the aroA mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.366 Caseous lymphadenitis of small ruminants causes economic losses worldwide. To date, no effective vaccine has been developed against the causative agent of this disease, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis . The objective of the present work was to evaluate an aroA mutant gene strain of C. pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models, for attenuation and the ability to stimulate an immune response. The intracellular survival of the aroA mutant strain and the wild type strain (WT) of C. pseudotuberculosis was evaluated in J774A.1 murine macrophages using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:1 with the following infection times: 30 min, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The largest difference in the intracellular survival of the mutant was observed 30 min post-infection. After subcutaneous skin vaccination, the subcutaneous lesion progression observed on the 14 th day was more severe in those animals that were vaccinated with the WT strain. An analysis of the residual virulence in the murine model did not reveal any bacteria in mice vaccinated with the aroA strain on day 28 post-vaccination. Mice vaccinated with the mutant showed 50 % protection against the intraperitoneal challenge, exceeding that of the control group (41.67 %). We conclude that the virulence of the aroA mutant was significantly attenuated in both cellular and murine models according to the residual virulence detected in mice. However, vaccination with the mutant failed to confer at least 80 % protection, which is desirable for an immunogen. Hence, this study contributes to the knowledge of the immune response against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis .","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico","authors":"Yazmín Alcalá Canto, L. Camberos, H. S. López, Lilia Gutiérrez Olvera, G. Pérez","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Alcala Canto Y, Sumano Lopez HS, Ocampo Camberos L, Gutierrez L. Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.374 Sheep production requires the constant assessment of parasitic burden and the efficacy of existing treatments for proper management. In this study, the administration of five different treatments was evaluated for the reduction of the percentage of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) shed by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) from sheep on three different sheep-breeding farms in Mexico (Texcoco, Estado de Mexico; Hueytamalco, Puebla; and Tlaltizapan de Zapata, Morelos). In these farms, ivermectin and benzimidazole derivatives had been routinely administered for two consecutive years. To determine whether drugs with different pharmacological properties decreased GIN fecal egg excretion, the treatments closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) were administered alone and in combinations of CLOS + ABZ and CLOS + FBZ, to five groups of sheep, with an additional untreated control group on each farm (n = 28 per flock). Anthelmintic resistance was determined using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) as recommended in the guidelines of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Fecal samples were collected 14 and 21 days after treatment. The anthelmintic resistance status was determined based on the reduction in the fecal egg count arithmetic mean and 95 % confidence limits. According to the FECRT, resistance developed to CLOS, ABZ, FBZ and CLOS + FBZ because the mean percentage of EPG reduction was ≤ 95 % with a lower confidence limit of ≤ 90 %. By contrast, nematode susceptibility was confirmed for the CLOS + ABZ combination, as it reduced the percentage of GIN fecal egg output by 96.46 ± 3.04 % (day 14) and 96.88 ± 3.04 % (day 21). Based on the morphometric identification of larvae, Haemonchus spp., Cooperia spp. and Teladorsagia spp. were the most abundant genera on all farms before the administration of these five treatments. In conclusion, the use of the anthelmintic combination of closantel plus albendazole may reduce the development of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes. Figure 1. Marginal means ± SD of the percentage reduction in egg count on days 14 and 21 after treatment of sheep on three farms (n = 28 per flock) with fenbendazole (FBZ), closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ), closantel + fenbendazole (CLOS + FBZ) and closantel + albendazole (CLOS + ABZ).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, México","authors":"R. Macedo-Barragán, Victalina Arredondo-Ruiz, Alejandro Cervantes-Lechuga","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Macedo Barragan RJ, Arredondo Ruiz V, Cervantes Lechuga A. Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(3). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.3.375 A study was conducted with the objective of characterizing, comparing and analyzing the cephalic and caudal morphologies of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in the state of Colima, Mexico. A total of 53 rams, up to 2 years of age were scored for the following12 cephalic and caudal measurements: cranial width, cranial length, head width, head length, head depth, face width, face length, ear width, ear length, tail length, tail width at the joint and tail width at the tip. Katahdin rams had a significantly greater cranial width, head width and tail at the tip width than Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams (P ≤  0.02). The tail width at the joint was greater in Katahdin rams than in Pelibuey rams (P = 0.01), and Blackbelly rams have intermediate values. Canonical analysis identified two significant canonical variables, CAN1 and CAN2, which accounted for 92% and 8% of the total variation, respectively. Katahdin rams were separated from Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams by the tail width the tip, while the head length and tail width at the joint differentiated the Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams. All Katahdin rams were correctly assigned within their breed group, while most Pelibuey rams (58.60%) were erroneously grouped as Blackbelly. Likewise, a significant proportion of the Blackbelly rams (40%) were misclassified as Pelibuey. Although Pelibuey, Blackbelly and Katahdin rams meet the standards of their respective breeds, phenotypic characterization using canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated the existence of a high degree of crossbreeding among these breeds and showed that the head length, tail width at the tip and tail width at the joint were the most discriminating variables for identifying and separating the three sheep breeds. Figure 1. Cephalic and caudal measurements: HL = head length, HW = head width, HD = head depth, CL = cranial length, CW = cranial width, FL = face length, FW = face width, EL = ear length, EW = ear width, TL = tail length, TWJ = tail width at the joint, TWT = tail width at the tip","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome analysis of a low-pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus that kills chicken embryos","authors":"G. Hernández, F. Chávez-Maya, E. Anaya, E. Rubio, G. Espinosa","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.2016.3.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.2016.3.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovicidal activity of extracts from four plant species against the cattle nematode Cooperia punctata","authors":"E. V. S. Fernex, M. A. Diaz, P. M. Gives, B. V. L. Mora, A. Zamilpa, M. G. Cortazar","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.2.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.2.365","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: von Son de Fernex E, Alonso Diaz MA, Mendoza de Gives P, Valles de la Mora B, Zamilpa A, Gonzalez Cortasar M. Ovicidal activity of extracts from four plant species against the cattle nematode Cooperia punctata . Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.2.365 . Bioactive plants might represent an alternative for Cooperia punctata control in grazing cattle. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the ovicidal activity of extracts from 4 plant species against C. punctata , (2) to determine the role of the polyphenols in the plants’ anthelmintic (AH) activity, and (3) to evaluate the best plant extraction procedure when searching for ovicidal activity. The egg hatch assay was used with different extraction procedures, aqueous (AQ), acetone:water (AW) and acetonic (AC), to evaluate the ovicidal activity of Leucaena leucocephala , Gliricidia sepium , Guazuma ulmifolia and Cratylia argentea . Eggs of C. punctata were exposed in quadruplicate to 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 mg mL -1 of each plant extract. The roles of the polyphenols were assessed using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The 12 plant extracts inhibited egg hatching in a dose-dependent manner. Best-fit LC 50 values were 1.03 ± 0.17 and 7.90 ± 1.19 mg mL -1 for G. sepium -AC and L. leucocephala -AQ, respectively. Differences in AH activity were found among the extraction procedures (P < 0.05). At the highest concentration, L. leucocephala -AQ inhibited more than 50% of C. punctata hatching . The G. sepium -AC extract fully inhibited egg hatching. The addition of polyethylene glycol revealed the role of the polyphenols in the bioactivity of most plant extracts; however, for G. sepium -AC, the polyphenols were not the main bioactive compounds. Overall, acetone:water extraction represented the best extraction procedure to obtain both ovicidal activity and higher yield. The inhibition rates suggested that L. leucocephala and G. sepium should be evaluated as a means of reducing larval density in pastures. Table 1. Lethal concentrations required to inhibit 50% of Cooperia punctata egg hatching (LC 50 ), after a 48-h incubation period with bioactive extracts (mg mL -1 ).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.2.365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}