Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103671
Debraj Giri, A.K. Dhar
{"title":"Nonlinear modulation of capillary waves on linear shear flows in finite depth","authors":"Debraj Giri, A.K. Dhar","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper linear shear current modified nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation for surface capillary wavetrain has been employed to investigate the modulational instability (MI) and bifurcation of two-dimensional Stokes wavetrain on water of finite depth. Herein, linear shear currents are considered to be a linear combination of constant vorticity and depth uniform current. It is observed that shear currents for finite water depth considerably modify the instability properties of weakly nonlinear Stokes wavetrain. The instability analysis to oblique perturbations on infinite depth of water has been made, showing that the dominant MI is two-dimensional whatever the values of the vorticity. Near the minimum of wave speed it is exhibited that generalized capillary solitary wavetrains bifurcate from pure capillary Stokes wavetrains for positive vorticity. The results shed some lights on the effects of wind forcing and dissipation on the MI. Moreover, the effects of both vorticity and depth uniform currents on the Peregrine breather which can be regarded as the prototype of rogue waves is investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103669
Yaru Suo , Xingming Guo , Zhaoyang Ma
{"title":"Dual-Functional Star-shaped Metamaterial for Simultaneous Vibration Isolation and Energy Absorption","authors":"Yaru Suo , Xingming Guo , Zhaoyang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel star-shaped metamaterial (SSM) is proposed to achieve simultaneous vibration isolation and energy absorption capabilities. The band structure of the proposed SSM is given based on the Floquet-Bloch theorem with boundary modes of each bandgap analyzed to understand the effects of each component of the unit cell on the bandgap formation. It is found that the SSM triggers monopole, dipolar and quadrupolar resonances to form locally resonant bandgaps and exhibit equivalent negative parametric characteristics. The SSM can generate the lowest bandgap frequency of 53.149 Hz and bandgaps (lower-frequency and broader bandgaps) are highly sensitive to geometric properties angle <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> based on parametric analysis. Additionally, vibration isolation and energy absorption performance can be enhanced by introducing a gradient parameter with angle <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> into the SSM structure. The design of the gradient structure breaks local symmetry, opening the Dirac points to generate a new bandgap. Furthermore, uniaxial compression induces different buckling deformation, enabling the gradient structure to achieve superior energy absorption performance under the same loading conditions. This study proposes a dual-functional SSM that integrates vibration isolation and energy absorption, providing a potential pathway for multifunctional metamaterial design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103679
Wenhua Chen , Xueguang Liu , Zhiyong Yin , Yudong Sun , Weixi Huang
{"title":"Rapid computation of sound transmission in fluid-filled pipes coupled with an outer elastic medium","authors":"Wenhua Chen , Xueguang Liu , Zhiyong Yin , Yudong Sun , Weixi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the sound propagation characteristics of fluid-filled pipes is essential in acoustic stealth and leakage detection research. This study develops a rapid method for assessing the acoustic transmission properties of fluid-filled pipes under practical conditions involving an external medium. Initially, coupled equations for the fluid-filled pipe and the surrounding medium are established. Based on the dispersion characteristics, the influence of different external media on the propagation of the s = 1 wave mode is analyzed. Overall, the surrounding medium affects both wave speed and transmission loss within the pipe. Specifically, the added damping introduced by the external medium increases acoustic transmission loss. When the external medium exerts an axial force on the pipe, its axial natural frequency increases (by about a factor of 100 when embedded in soil compared to water), thereby suppressing resonant peaks in the transmission loss. The loading effect of the external medium also alters wave speed. When the pipe is embedded in soil, the low-frequency wave speed increases notably. A transfer matrix describing the relationship between variables at both ends of the pipe is derived using fluid pressure and displacement and pipe force and displacement. This model accounts for the external elastic medium, a feature frequently neglected in prior studies, to provide a more accurate representation of practical scenarios such as buried and subsea pipelines. Based on this matrix, a method for calculating transmission loss is developed, substantially reducing the time required to solve complex partial differential equations. The computed transmission loss aligns well with simulation data, validating the proposed method. Overall, the approach considerably enhances computational efficiency, making it suitable for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103674
M.B.M. Sales , M.C.P. Dos Santos , C.B.F. Gomes , I.F. Chagas , F.N. Pereira , E.J.P. Miranda Jr.
{"title":"Generation of multiple bending wave and vibration attenuation zones by constant-mass spatial distribution of 3D resonators in elastic metamaterial thin plates","authors":"M.B.M. Sales , M.C.P. Dos Santos , C.B.F. Gomes , I.F. Chagas , F.N. Pereira , E.J.P. Miranda Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aimed to investigate the influence of mass spatial distribution of 3D resonator on the formation of attenuation zones in elastic metamaterial (EM) thin plates, considering bending vibrations and maintaining constant mass, volume, and density. The mass distribution in real systems can be more accurately represented through 3D resonators, enabling the use of geometric parameters to improve vibration and wave control. The investigation was conducted using the finite element method (FEM). The attenuation zones were identified through dispersion diagrams, <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, considering the influence of transverse waves via the polarization factor, which is consistent with the frequency response function (FRF). A supercell approach was employed to represent the combination of different geometries, mass distributions, and parameter progressions. The midgap frequency and bandwidth of attenuation zones proved to be highly sensitive to 3D resonator geometry, even under constant mass conditions, due to the influence of mass spatial distribution, which affected both the stiffness and the moment of inertia. A trade-off was identified between lowering the midgap frequency and narrowing the bandwidth, which was overcome by increasing the resonator width. The progression of geometric parameters and the combination of different geometries enabled simultaneous reduction of the midgap frequency and expansion of the bandwidth, resulting in up to five distinct attenuation zones. Thus, geometric adjustments allow vibrational performance improvements without increasing mass, manufacturing time, or structural cost. This approach simplifies the fabrication of 3D resonators and offers a lighter alternative with improved dynamic performance, establishing a viable solution for 3D printing applied to vibration control in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103667
S. Bahena-Jimenez , E. Bautista , A. Mora , F. Mendez
{"title":"Hydrodynamics interaction between water waves of small amplitude and non-uniform marine currents in the liquefaction depth of poroelastic soils","authors":"S. Bahena-Jimenez , E. Bautista , A. Mora , F. Mendez","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between non-uniform marine currents and linear water waves and its effect on the liquefaction depth of the poroelastic soil is studied. The system is divided into an upper water layer, a middle soil liquefied region, and a lower non-liquefied soil. The wave–current interaction is analyzed by adopting the Rayleigh stability theory. The non-uniform current is assumed to have a vertical non-uniform profile, treated as a piecewise linear approximation. The dynamic response of the soil is analytically determined for the solid skeleton displacement, <span><math><mi>u</mi></math></span>, and the pore pressure, <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>, by applying the <em>u-p</em> approximation to the governing equations. The effects of the marine current direction, relative to the wave propagation, on the magnitude of soil liquefaction are studied. It is identified that the most significant values of the liquefaction depth occur for marine currents with linear profiles traveling in an opposite direction to the wave propagation; on the contrary, for currents traveling in the same direction as the wave propagation, the liquefaction depth increases for currents with non-uniform profiles. Furthermore, the influence of soil parameters such as permeability, compressibility, and shear modulus are also analyzed. As a first approximation, the present analysis may help understand the behavior of the liquefaction depth magnitude induced by the wave-non-uniform marine current interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103647
Haifang Song, Songlin Zhao, Bo Ren
{"title":"General rogue waves, breathers and hybrid structures of the coupled Boussinesq system","authors":"Haifang Song, Songlin Zhao, Bo Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we concentrate on the rogue waves, breathers and hybrid solutions of the coupled Boussinesq system via the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction method. We construct the Gram determinant solutions for a <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dimensional bilinear system in the KP hierarchy which can be reduced to the coupled Boussinesq system. By considering the dimension-reduction condition, the general high-order rogue wave solutions expressed by derivatives with respect to parameters <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> are derived. For simplicity, the expressions of the rogue waves are replaced by purely algebraic ones with the help of the known Schur polynomials. The rogue waves from first till fourth order and their dynamic properties are numerically investigated. The structures of the <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>th-order rogue waves contain <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></span> first-order rogue waves. As more free parameters appear, the number of patterns increases. The breather solutions are obtained through setting specific parameter conditions in soliton solutions. Then first- and second-order breathers are attained and their dynamics are analyzed numerically. Three different arrangements for the first-order breathers as well as three types of second-order breather waves including interacting waves, parallel waves and coincident waves are displayed. The hybrid solutions containing first-order breather as well as first- and second-order solitons are given with dynamic analysis. A similar way can be used to obtain the <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>th-order rogue waves and the <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>th-order breathers. The method used in the paper can be extended to other integrable equations theoretically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103656
Zhonglong Zhao , Lihan Zhang , Yong Chen
{"title":"State transition and branch structure dynamics of localized waves for the (2+1)-dimensional Fokas system in optical fibers","authors":"Zhonglong Zhao , Lihan Zhang , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explain the formation mechanism of extreme events such as ocean rogue waves and light pulse train excitation, under investigation in this paper is the (2+1)-dimensional Fokas system, which is considered as the propagation model of nonlinear waves in optical fibers. By applying the complex conjugate condition to the N-soliton solutions, the breather solutions are gained. Breathers can be transformed into nonlinear waves, which is known as state transition. By controlling the wave number ratio, five types of transformed waves are studied, including quasi-soliton, W-typed quasi-periodic wave, M-typed soliton, oscillation M-shaped soliton and multi-peak soliton. The Riemannian circle is introduced to present the gradient relationship of transformed nonlinear waves. When the phase shift produced by the elastic collision of two-soliton or two-breather is large but limited, the two V-shaped structures of two-soliton or two-breather have significantly separated, accompanied by the formation of a branch connecting the two V-shaped solitons. Two quasi-resonant interactions, namely weakly quasi-resonance and strongly quasi-resonance are investigated. Based on the asymptotic analysis method, the properties of the resonant branch are analyzed in detail, including the trajectory, amplitude and velocity. Moreover, the intermediate resonant branch is a new branch generated due to the increase of phase shift, which exhibits temporal invariance and spatial locality. By introducing the small parameter <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span>, the length of the intermediate resonant branch is studied. These results are not only foundational for understanding nonlinear wave dynamics in the Fokas system but also offer critical insights into extreme event formation across disciplines. They explain rogue wave generation in fluids, light pulse anomalies in optical fibers and wave behaviors in shallow water theory. The findings bridge mathematical integrability and physical phenomena, providing a universal framework for analyzing localized wave transitions and resonant interactions in high-dimensional nonlinear systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103645
P. Negi , T. Sahoo , V. Sriram , Y. Stepanyants
{"title":"Wave scattering by an array of submerged bars: An analytic approach","authors":"P. Negi , T. Sahoo , V. Sriram , Y. Stepanyants","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a detailed analytic solution for examining the scattering of surface gravity waves by an array of bars. Depending on the incident wave period, bars are modelled as either trapezoidal or hump-shaped profiles. We formulate the problem as a boundary value problem governed by the mild-slope equation and employ the transfer matrix method to determine the scattering coefficients. Our analysis reveals that the number of bars and their spacing modulate Bragg resonance characteristics, with the number of sub-harmonic peaks between harmonic peaks being two fewer than the number of bars. For non-uniform bar arrays, rainbow reflection occurs, suppressing sub-harmonic peaks and eliminating multiple zeros in wave reflection. As the bar length approaches the water depth, wave diffraction becomes significant. Complete wave reflection by uniform bar arrays demonstrates a behaviour analogous to Fabry-Pérot resonance in optics. The Bragg reflection patterns exhibit distinctive properties: common zero minima for even numbers of bars and common maxima for odd numbers. When examining the inverse case — submerged trenches instead of bars — we observe similar harmonic and subharmonic components with consistent phase shifts and notably reduced reflected wave amplitudes. Wave field analysis demonstrates three distinct regions: standing waves on the incident side, progressive waves on the leeward side, and partly standing waves in the confined region between bars. The sloped geometries of the bar systems induce wave refraction and amplitude decay. Two-dimensional linear time-dependent surface elevations, simulated using a Gaussian pulse, capture the transient wave transformation dynamics throughout the submerged multi-bar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103651
Slađan Jelić , Dušan Zorica
{"title":"Compressive and shear wave propagation in viscoelastic solid medium as a consequence of prescribed initial displacement fields","authors":"Slađan Jelić , Dušan Zorica","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The propagation of compressive and shear waves through a homogeneous, isotropic, and infinite three-dimensional viscoelastic body is presented through the time evolution of spatial distribution of displacement field, obtained by solving the system of fractional partial differential equations, consisting of the equation of motion of a three-dimensional solid body, the infinitesimal strain tensor, and the fractionally generalized Hooke’s law for a three-dimensional isotropic and elastic body as a constitutive equation, for initial conditions prescribed through the Gaussian function, so that the compressive and shear components of displacement field are expressed as the action of the resolvent tensor on the initial conditions. The graphical representation of displacement field’s compressive and shear component time evolution shows that during a certain time after the excitation there are no qualitative differences between wave propagation through an elastic and a viscoelastic body, regardless whether the wave propagation speed is infinite or finite, while as time increases, differences are firstly observed between elastic and viscoelastic waves, and subsequently between viscoelastic waves with infinite and finite wave propagation speed. The graphical representation of time evolution of spatial profiles of Green’s function, representing a crucial term in the resolvent tensor and containing information about the mechanical characteristics of the material, is revisited due to the applied approach of Fourier and Laplace transform inversions’ order.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wave MotionPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103670
Bingkai Han, Wei Ouyang, Qianru Xu, Shaokang Yang, Weijian Mao
{"title":"Revisiting acoustic true-amplitude seismic imaging: Asymptotic linearized inversion, reverse-time migration, and their interrelations","authors":"Bingkai Han, Wei Ouyang, Qianru Xu, Shaokang Yang, Weijian Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wavemoti.2025.103670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>True-amplitude migration is essential for quantitative seismic imaging because it preserves the amplitude information required for reliable inversion and interpretation. Ray-theoretical formulations, beginning with asymptotic linearized inversion, establish migration as the adjoint of the Born operator and achieve amplitude fidelity through pseudo-differential analysis. In contrast, wave-equation-based methods such as reverse-time migration (RTM) are widely applied in practice, but their crosscorrelation implementations do not, in general, ensure amplitude correctness. This raises a fundamental question of consistency: under what conditions does RTM recover the same amplitude-correct image as asymptotic linearized inversion? In this study, we develop a unified framework for true-amplitude migration in acoustic media, valid in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>). Using scattering-angle-domain decompositions of the Born operator, we analyze the stationary-phase structure of the single-scattering Hessian and construct a Beylkin-type migration operator within a least-squares framework. By explicit evaluating the Jacobian factors that map acquisition surface coordinates into angle-domain coordinates at the imaging point, and further examining the asymptotic behavior of forward- and backward-propagated wavefields, we demonstrate that angle-restricted RTM recovers the same true-amplitude scaling as the derived Beylkin-type operator. This result reconciles ray-theoretical and wave-equation-based perspectives, showing that amplitude corrections, traditionally associated with ray-based methods, can be systematically and naturally incorporated in RTM through geometrical-spreading analysis. Numerical demonstrations confirm that the proposed formulation yields angle-domain common image gathers with accurate amplitude behavior, validating the theoretical consistency and providing a robust foundation for amplitude-variation studies and quantitative inversion in complex acoustic media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49367,"journal":{"name":"Wave Motion","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}