Zoological Studies最新文献

{"title":"Long-Read Genome Sequencing of <i>Abscondita cerata</i> (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), the Endemic Firefly of Taiwan.","authors":"Tzi-Yuan Wang,&nbsp;King-Siang Goh,&nbsp;Liang-Jong Wang,&nbsp;Li-Ling Wu,&nbsp;Feng-Yu Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Wei Wu","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Abscondita cerata</i> is the most abundant and widely distributed endemic firefly species in Taiwan and is considered a key environmental and ecological indicator organism. In this study, we report the first long-read genome sequencing of <i>Abs. cerata</i> sequenced by Nanopore technology. The draft genome size, 967 Mb, was measured through a hybrid approach that consisted of assembling using 11.25-Gb Nanopore long reads and polishing using 9.47-Gb BGI PE100 short reads. The drafted genome was assembled into 4,855 contigs, with the N50 reaching 325.269 kb length. The assembled genome was predicted to possess 55,206 protein-coding genes, of which 20,862 (37.78%) were functionally annotated with public databases. 47.11% of the genome sequences consisted of repeat elements; among them DNA transposons accounted for the largest proportion (26.79%). A BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs) evaluation demonstrated that the genome and gene completeness were 84.8% and 79%, respectively. The phylogeny constructed using 1,792 single copy genes was consistent with previous studies. The comparative transcriptome between adult male head and lantern tissues revealed (1) the vision of <i>Abs. cerata</i> is primarily UV-sensitive to environmental twilight, which determines when it begins its nocturnal activity, (2) the major expressed <i>OR56d</i> receptor may be correlated to suitable humidity sensing, and (3) <i>Luc1</i>-type luciferase is responsible for <i>Abs. cerata</i>'s luminescent spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390324/pdf/zoolstud-62-025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Integrative Approach to Update a Gap of One Century: Redescription and New Distribution Records of the South American Tarantulas <i>Grammostola pulchra</i> (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae).","authors":"Renan S Pittella,&nbsp;Pedro G Bassa,&nbsp;Edison Zefa,&nbsp;Filipe M Bianchi","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taxonomic researchers have used multiple sources of evidence to support species hypotheses and delimitations. <i>Grammostola</i> Simon (Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) comprises 20 valid species endemic to South America, six occurring in Brazil. The classical morphological approach based mainly on genitalia may be misleading in recognizing species in this genus. Thus, we used morphology, geographical distribution, genetic distance, and phylogeny to support the redescription of <i>Grammostola pulchra</i> from southern Brazil, a species described a century ago. We also diagnosed and illustrated the species. Males have a developed apical keel at the apex of the embolus; for the first time, this type of structure has been reported in a species of <i>Grammostola</i>. The molecular analyses using the partial sequence of Cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I showed 7% of genetic distance (<i>p</i>-distance) between <i>G. pulchra</i> and <i>Grammostola anthracina</i>. Distance and tree-based methods (ASAP and bPTP, respectively) assigned <i>G. pulchra</i> as a valid species. The gene-tree under Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood recovered a similar topology, placing <i>G. pulchra</i> as closely related to <i>Grammostola burzaquensis</i> and <i>G. anthracina</i>. Morphological characters which could be important in the taxonomy of the genus are further discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131071/pdf/zoolstud-62-005.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9392974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a New Sea Spider Belonging to the Genus <i>Pycnogonum</i> (Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae) in the Mesophotic Zone of Jejudo Island, Korea.","authors":"Damin Lee,&nbsp;Jin-Ho Park,&nbsp;Taeseo Park","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of the genus <i>Pycnogonum</i> was discovered in the mesophotic zone of Munseom Islet, Jejudo Island, Korea. <i>Pycnogonum</i> (<i>Nulloviger</i>) <i>bifurcatum</i> sp. nov. is the first case of sea spiders in Korean fauna not only included in the subgenus <i>Nulloviger</i> but also collected in the mesophotic zone of Munseom Islet. The new species is morphologically close to <i>Pycnogonum</i> (<i>Pycnogonum</i>) <i>asiaticum</i> and <i>P.</i> (<i>N.</i>) <i>carinatum</i>, sharing the granular integument, the dorsomedian tubercles on the trunk, and the post-ocular tubercle. The new species can be easily distinguished from the congeners by combination of the following characteristics: the prominent dorsomedian tubercles on the trunk, the lateral processes 1-3 touching each other, and the small auxiliary claws. A key is provided to distinguish 12 species of the subgenus <i>Nulloviger</i> morphologically, and molecular data of the new species are provided for species identification and further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317987/pdf/zoolstud-62-023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9804976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo (<i>Yushania niitakayamensis</i>) in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.","authors":"Tsen Hua,&nbsp;Hui-Yi Li,&nbsp;Cheng-Lung Tsai,&nbsp;Wing Wei Wang,&nbsp;Chao-Yuan Lin,&nbsp;Yeh Wen-Bin","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant communities that colonize high-elevation zones generally have short growing seasons which lead to specialized adaptations in such zones. In montane areas of Taiwan, Yushan bamboo (YB, <i>Yushania niitakayamensis</i>) is dominant at elevations ranging from 2500 to 3300 m and grows in a grassland-like open habitat. In this study, hexapods were collected from YB bimonthly between 2009 and 2012 by using a sweeping net. The composition of and several bioindices for the hexapods were determined, and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the dynamics and seasonal distribution of the hexapods. A total of 32,000 individuals belonging to 11 orders and 113 families were collected, with adult individuals being collected more frequently in warmer seasons (from June to October). Of the sampled individuals, 90% belonged to the orders Collembola (42%), Hemiptera (35%), and Hymenoptera (13%). The number of individuals belonging to Hemiptera were stable in all seasons, and the number of hymenopteran wasps was influenced by temperature and exhibited a stable dynamic pattern. The number of individuals belonging to Collembola fluctuated dramatically. The multivariate analyses revealed that the collected hexapods could be divided into two major family groups according to survey season (<i>i.e.</i>, summer and winter groups). Several families were collected only in summer, but a few were collected only in winter. Eigenvalues obtained from a principal component analysis revealed that the families Chironomidae, Delphacidae, Entomobryidae, Hypogastruridae, Sminthuridae, and Thripidae (all dominant) were the major contributors to the winter group. These families were abundant all year, although some were more abundant during winter. The three dominant orders Collembola, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera, each of which has a distinct community structure and dynamic pattern, may have their own adaptive mechanisms in the subtropical regions of Taiwan. Hemiptera individuals, which feed on YB, were most abundant in the adult stage in summer and in the nymphal stage in winter. The abundance of parasitic hymenopteran wasps, which had stable dynamic patterns, was associated with that of their host insects and temperature. The drastic fluctuations in the abundance of Collembola may have been caused by abiotic factors, such as precipitation and microhabitat factors. The early onset of spring and the late onset of winter might also affect the dynamics of the studied hexapods.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10165351/pdf/zoolstud-62-009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty Years of Sea Turtle Strandings in New Caledonia.","authors":"Tyffen Read,&nbsp;Richard Farman,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Vivier,&nbsp;Frederic Avril,&nbsp;Hugues Gossuin,&nbsp;Laurent Wantiez","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in sea turtle strandings in New Caledonia. Five species of sea turtles were recorded in the 406 strandings documented between January 1999 and March 2021. Green turtles represented the majority of the stranded species (68%), reflecting the importance of the resident green turtle population in New Caledonian waters. Nearly half of the individuals stranded were juveniles (48%). The great majority of strandings were recorded in the South Province, the most populous province of New Caledonia (73%). The main causes of the strandings were classified as unknown (50%), followed by poaching (17%), by-catch (15%), collision (10%), natural (8%), plastic ingestion (0.5%) and other (0.5%). This study contains the first official record of the presence and relative importance of fibropapilloma in New Caledonia, but we could not determine if it was the cause of death for the stranded individuals. Two individuals, after necropsies, were found to have ingested plastic (one in 2011 and the other in 2020). This is the first record of plastic ingestion for sea turtles in New Caledonia. Three significant trends were also found during the study: an increase in the number of individuals reported in the study since 2004; a seasonal effect, with most strandings occurring in summer (November to January); and stranding hotspots. Rehabilitation allowed for 35% of individuals found alive to be released back into the wild. This study suggests that mitigation strategies such as \"go slow\" zones and a robust stranding network should be put in place in New Caledonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131069/pdf/zoolstud-62-001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9386607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding the Molecular Diversity Information of the Common Fouling Barnacle <i>Amphibalanus amphitrite</i> (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman to the Global Diversity Pattern.","authors":"Asma Moeinadini,&nbsp;Alireza Sari,&nbsp;Shahdadi Shahdadi,&nbsp;Ahmad-Reza Katouzian,&nbsp;Alimorad Sarafrazi,&nbsp;Elahe Elahi,&nbsp;B A,&nbsp;B A","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The balanid barnacle, <i>Amphibalanus amphitrite</i>, is known as one of the most common fouling species in the world. A phylogenetic study using material from around the world recovered three distinct clades for this species. Material from the Persian Gulf (PG) and the Gulf of Oman (GO) were not included in that survey. In the present study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of the balanid barnacles of these two gulfs and to evaluate their phylogeography. In total, 94 <i>COI</i> DNA sequences were obtained from the PG and the GO material. Most of these sequences clustered into a single clade, corresponding to clade <i>I</i> of the previous global study. However, two sequences, one from the PG and one from the GO, fell into a separate clade corresponding to clade <i>III</i> of the previous study. These two gulfs share some common haplotypes, but host several unique ones that are separated from the most common haplotype mainly by a single mutation. Based on various indices, the genetic diversity of the PG material was higher than that of the GO. Low values of Φ_ST show a regular gene flow among the stations and the two gulfs. The Bayesian skyline plots and the mismatch distribution analyses both showed signs of a recent population expansion in the PG and the GO. We also modeled the potential distribution areas for <i>A. amphitrite</i> to reveal the separate suitable habitats for the clades. The current phylogeographic status and genetic diversity of <i>A. amphitrite</i> in the PG and GO appears to have been shaped by both historical events and recent human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317986/pdf/zoolstud-62-016.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Morphological Characterizations of the Fish Parasitic Isopod <i>Mothocya parvostis</i> (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) Parasitizing Optional Intermediate Hosts: Juveniles of the Cobaltcap Silverside <i>Hypoatherina tsurugae</i> and Yellowfin Seabream <i>Acanthopagrus latus</i>.","authors":"Hiroki Fujita,&nbsp;Kentaro Kawai,&nbsp;Diego Deville,&nbsp;Tetsuya Umino","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mothocya parvostis</i> (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) is a parasitic crustacean that infests the opercular cavities of fishes. Its main final host is the Japanese halfbeak, <i>Hyporhamphus sajori</i>. However, <i>M. parvostis</i> also infests the black sea bream, <i>Acanthopagrus schelgelii</i>, as an optional intermediate host. Understanding the use of optional intermediate hosts is important for understanding the life history of Cymothoidae, and further information should be obtained. In this study, we aim to investigate the life cycle of <i>M. parvostis</i>. We collected and examined 20 mancae and 144 juveniles of <i>M. parvostis</i> from 129 cobaltcap silversides, <i>Hypoatherina tsurugae</i>, and 494 yellowfin seabreams, <i>Acanthopagrus latus</i>. Molecular analysis of the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I gene and 16S rRNA genes revealed that cymothoid mancae and juveniles from the two fish species were identified to be <i>M. parvostis</i>. All <i>M. parvostis</i> on <i>H. tsurugae</i> and <i>A. latus</i> might be mancae or juveniles, with no adult parasites; thus, <i>H. tsurugae</i> and <i>A. latus</i> juveniles were optional intermediate hosts of <i>M. parvostis</i>. In the results of morphological description, <i>M. parvostis</i> juveniles infesting the final host <i>H. sajori</i> lacked swimming setae, while juveniles parasitizing the two optional intermediate hosts had them. <i>Mothocya parvostis</i> mancae infested juveniles of both species just after metamorphosis, grew with the host. As the fish grows further, the parasite detached from the fish. The parasitic status of <i>M. parvostis</i> in the three optional intermediate hosts indicated that <i>M. parvostis</i> likely reproduced from June to December, and different optional intermediate hosts were used depending on the time of year in Hiroshima Bay. Therefore, a parasitic strategy involving optional intermediate hosts might increase the infestation success of <i>M. parvostis</i> to <i>H. sajori</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318039/pdf/zoolstud-62-021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Gray Brocket <i>Mazama simplicicornis argentina</i> Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae).","authors":"Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval,&nbsp;Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Juliá,&nbsp;Susana González,&nbsp;Miluse Vozdova,&nbsp;Halina Cernohorska,&nbsp;Svatava Kubickova,&nbsp;Daniela C Kalthoff,&nbsp;José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mazama simplicicornis</i> argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species <i>Subulo gouazoubira</i> Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of <i>M. simplicicornis argentina</i> through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of <i>M. simplicicornis argentina</i> showed a great similarity with the <i>S. gouazoubira</i> neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of <i>M. simplicicornis argentina</i> topotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of <i>S. gouazoubira</i> with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial <i>ND5</i> and <i>Cytb</i> gene) allocated the <i>M. simplicicornis argentina</i> specimens in the monophyletic clade of <i>S. gouazoubira</i> with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as <i>M. simplicicornis argentina</i> should be recognized as <i>S. gouazoubira</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475465/pdf/zoolstud-62-030.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10541238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Polyclad Flatworm, <i>Idiostylochus tortuosus</i> gen. nov., sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from France. Can this Foreign Flatworm be Responsible for the Deterioration of Oyster and Mussel Farms?","authors":"Adrian Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Isabelle Auby,&nbsp;Benoit Gouillieux,&nbsp;Guillemine Daffe,&nbsp;Cecile Massé,&nbsp;Elvire Antajan,&nbsp;Carolina Noreña","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of polyclad flatworm, <i>Idiostylochus tortuosus</i> gen. nov., sp. nov. (Polycladida, Idioplanidae), from Arcachon Bay (France) is described. This description is based on a morphological analysis and a molecular analysis using partial sequences of the 28S and cytochrome Oxidase I (<i>COI</i>) genes. After the molecular analysis <i>Idiostylochus</i> gen. nov. appears to be the second genus of the Family Idioplanidae and closely related to the family Latocestidae as well as the genera <i>Leptostylochus</i> and <i>Mirostylochus</i>. The molecular data revealed that the new species may belong to an Indonesian or Indo-Pacific family, closely related to genera with origins in South Pacific Ocean waters. This species was found feeding on the oysters and mussels of the Arcachon farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390326/pdf/zoolstud-62-015.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Diversity of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Genes in Endangered Malayan Tapir (<i>Tapirus indicus</i>).","authors":"Nurul Adilah Ismail,&nbsp;Christina Seok Yien Yong,&nbsp;Simon Yung Wa Sin,&nbsp;Geetha Annavi","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Malayan tapir (<i>Tapirus indicus</i>) is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to multiple threats such as habitat loss and human disturbance that have led to its population decline. This decline increases the risk of inbreeding, which could result in the reduction of genome-wide genetic variation and negatively affect the gene responsible for immune response <i>i.e.</i>, MHC gene. Class I and II MHC genes are responsible for encoding MHC molecules in the cells that recognise pathogenic peptides and present them to T-Cells on the cell surface for adaptive immune response. However, at present there is no study related to the MHC gene in Malayan tapir yet. This study characterises the MHC class I and II genes from seven individuals, investigates evidence of balancing selection and their relationships with homologous genes of other species. We identified at least one class I gene and four class II genes. Five sequences of alpha1 (α1) and four of alpha2 (α2) domains of class I alleles, two DRA, two DQA, three DRB and three DQB of class II alleles were isolated. α1 and α2 domains of class I and DRB domain of class II displayed evidence of selection with a higher rate of non-synonymous over synonymous substitutions. Within the DRB gene, 24 codons were found to be under selection where 10 are part of the codons forming the Antigen Binding Site. Genes sequences show species-specific monophyletic group formation except for class I and DRB genes with intersperse relationship in their phylogenetic trees which may indicate occurrence of trans-species polymorphism of allelic lineage. More studies using RNA samples are needed to identify the gene's level of expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10175568/pdf/zoolstud-62-012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9480262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}