Zoological Studies最新文献

{"title":"Wing Condition and Distribution of a Mesoamerican Montane Genus of Wooddegrading Beetles, <i>Oileus</i> Kaup (Coleoptera: Passalidae), with the Description of a New Species.","authors":"Edwin R Ariza-Marín, Larry Jiménez-Ferbans, Pedro Reyes-Castillo","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-10","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distribution areas, in terms of size and shape, are usually related to dispersal capacity, and the latter is partly related to flight capacity in insects. Thus, wing condition (brachypterous or macropterous) is expected to correlate with the area size of the species distribution range. Here, we studied this aspect for the first time in Passalidae, a subsocial group of saproxylophagous beetles. To obtain the geographic distribution of species, we performed species distribution models in the Mesoamerican genus <i>Oileus</i>, which has seven species (including one new species from Oaxaca, Mexico) restricted to either side (west or east) of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (except for <i>Oileus rimator</i> which is distributed in both sides of the Isthmus). Species distribution models were used to estimate biogeographic affinities among species and to compare the potential distributional area with respect to the species wing condition (four brachypterous and three macropterous). Additionally, we described the sound-emitting structures (<i>plectrum</i>, region located on hind wings) for all <i>Oileus</i>, being the first study describing it for all species of the same genus. Macropterous species tend to have larger potential distribution areas (between 149,027-364,107 km²) than brachypterous species (9,063-15,716 km²), and all brachypterous species inhabit montane areas. These results coincide with what would be expected if the loss of flight capacity reduced dispersal capacity. However, because of the limited data, we could not statistically test this relationship. Future analyses should evaluate the relationship between passalid species distributions (total area and elevation) and wing morphology, including species with narrow and wide distributions, both altitudinally and latitudinally.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal Consequences and Embryo Shell Shape Alterations in the Marine Gastropod <i>Trophon geversianus</i> Due to Elevated Temperatures.","authors":"Rocío Aimé Nieto, Sebastián Giulianelli, Soledad Zabala, Gregorio Bigatti, Federico Márquez","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-08","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental temperature is increasing while natural populations are forced to adjust their life cycle to new conditions, resulting in the expression of new phenotypic traits. Still, the links between these new environmental conditions and the subsequent phenotypic expressions are not fully explored. Here, we conducted manipulative experiments with embryos of the marine gastropod <i>Trophon geversianus</i> to assess the effects of warmer temperatures upon shell form. We observed lethal effects together with alterations in the shell form (size + shape) of embryos exposed to 18°C water compared to the control temperature environment (13°C). Our results reveal that <i>T. geversianus</i> from Patagonian coasts growing under warm temperatures will change their phenotype by developing smaller and more elongated shells during ontogeny, as well as an expanded shell aperture, increasing their predation vulnerability. Therefore, we consider that the embryonic shell shape change could be a good biomarker of thermal stress produced at early developmental stages in marine gastropods.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Road-traffic Disturbances on the Bird Community of a Subtropical Island.","authors":"Marcin Polak, Jolanta Polak","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-06","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid expansion of road networks worldwide is one of the most serious threats to biodiversity conservation. Evaluating the effects of various anthropogenic factors on the distribution and abundance of birds in subtropical and tropical ecosystems is extremely important in the context of the dynamic developments that these areas have been subject to in recent years. This study assessed the impact of road traffic on the abundance and species richness of roadside birds on the subtropical island of Tenerife. The effect of road traffic on birds was assessed at 162 observation points located in different places on the island by use of the point-count method. During the counts, a total of 765 individuals from 35 species were recorded. The number of avian species was lower in the vicinity of roadsides. Seven of the 17 most numerous birds clearly avoided the vicinity of roads, but another seven actually preferred roadside habitats; three species were neutral in this respect. The assemblage of traffic-sensitive birds consisted of specialised and endemic species, mainly inhabiting endangered native habitats such as laurel and pine forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of the Sargassum Nudibranch <i>Scyllaea fulva</i> Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Nudibranchia: Scyllaeidae): First Record in Hong Kong.","authors":"Sam King Fung Yiu, Thomas Ka Leung, Gabriel Yeung Lee, Meng Yan","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-04","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scyllaeidae is a small group of nudibranchs comprising three genera (<i>Scyllaea</i>, <i>Notobryon</i>, and <i>Crosslandia</i>) with striking morphological similarities, making their identification challenging based on external features alone. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of central radular teeth in distinguishing <i>Notobryon</i> from <i>Scyllaea</i> and <i>Crosslandia</i>. The genus <i>Scyllaea</i>, commonly known as the sargassum nudibranch, currently consists of only two valid species, <i>Scyllaea pelagica</i> and <i>Scyllaea fulva</i>. These species inhabit seaweed <i>Sargassum</i> spp., feeding on hydroids. During a biodiversity survey conducted in April 2023, seven sargassum nudibranch individuals were collected from the seaweed <i>Sargassum</i> spp. at a depth of 2 meters in Tai She Wan through SCUBA diving. Initially, the specimens were misidentified based on their resemblance to <i>Notobryon wardi</i> and previous local records. However, thorough morphological and molecular examinations confirmed them to be <i>Scyllaea fulva</i>, representing the first record of this species in Hong Kong. Notably, our specimens lacked the blue spots observed in specimens from Thailand and the West Pacific Ocean, as reported in previous studies. Internally, a pineapple-like structure formed a honeycomb pattern on the surface of the masticatory edge of the jaw flap, with the presence of central radular teeth. A Maximum Likelihood tree analysis revealed <i>Crosslandia</i> to be the sister group of <i>Scyllaea</i>. Comparative analysis of intra-specific distances between individuals from the Philippines, French Polynesia, and Hong Kong indicated a close relationship between the Hong Kong specimens and those from the Philippines. Furthermore, we provide a detailed description of the external and internal morphology of <i>Scyllaea fulva</i> in this paper, integrating valuable morphological information for future species identification purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description and Phylogenetic Position of a New Genus and Species of Deep-Water Alpheid Shrimp Associated with Glass Sponges off New Caledonia (Decapoda: Caridea).","authors":"Hossein Ashrafi, Zdeněk Ďuriš, Arthur Anker","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2024.63-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Batellopsis paula</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new hexactinellid-associated alpheid shrimp, is described based on a single specimen collected at a depth of 477-503 m north of Île des Pins, New Caledonia. <i>Batellopsis</i> gen. nov. is part of a clade of four genera all containing hexactinellid-associated species, for which a molecular phylogeny is presented. The evolution of several morphological characters, including orbital teeth, a bulgefossa system on the fingers of the first pereiopod chela, and groups of microserrulate setae on the second pereiopod chela, is discussed in light of phylogenetic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"63 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11381507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Properties of Body Mucus Secreted from Coral Reef Sea Slugs: Measurement of Refractive Indices and Relative Absorption Spectra.","authors":"Ryogo Takano, Euichi Hirose","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-02","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sea slugs are always covered in a mucus layer that has various functions including chemical defense that often involves aposematism and mimicry. Therefore, it is necessary for sea slugs to exhibit their body colors and patterns exactly, and the optical properties of mucus should support this requirement. We examined body mucus from heterobranch sea slugs collected in the Okinawan coral reefs. The refractive indices of mucus from 32 species ranged from 1.3371 to 1.3854 and were similar or slightly greater than the refractive index of seawater (ca. 1.34), indicating that light reflectance on the mucus layer is generally small. Moreover, dissolution of mucus into seawater would form a gradient of refractive indices and enhance the reduction of reflectance. We also obtained relative absorption spectra of the mucus from 32 species. In the range of visible light, absorption spectra of mucus suggest that the mucus layer is almost transparent and is not likely to interfere with the body colors. The presence of absorption peaks and/or shoulders in the UV (ultraviolet) range (280-400 nm) indicates that the mucus layer potentially serves as a sunscreen that absorbs UV radiation in 23 species, whereas prominent UV absorption was not found in the other 9 species. In a kleptoplasty sacoglossan <i>Plakobranchus ocellatus</i>, the refractive indices and presence or absence of UV-absorption showed that the optical properties of the mucus varied to some extent but did not show seasonal fluctuation. The UV-absorption in the mucus may also protect kleptoplasts in kleptoplasty sacoglossans. The present results support the importance of mucus as a functional optical layer for the shell-less life of sea slugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"63 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fauna of Parasitic Barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in Korea.","authors":"Jibom Jung, Joong-Ki Park","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-01","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2024.63-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizocephala is a group of endoparasitic barnacles, the morphological characteristics of which are degenerated, and which has recently undergone active molecular identification. Despite several recent studies of Korean rhizocephalans, a comprehensive analysis of rhizocephalan fauna has not yet been conducted. In this study, we analyzed morphological and molecular characteristics of 64 rhizocephalan samples from 15 decapod hosts sampled across the Korean coast. We found 16 Rhizocephala species of six genera from four Rhizocephala families, <i>i.e.</i>, Peltogasterellidae, Peltogastridae, Polyascidae, and Sacculinidae. Combining morphological examination and molecular analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase I revealed three new species candidates, <i>i.e.</i>, <i>Peltogasterella</i> sp., <i>Peltogaster</i> sp., and <i>Parasacculina</i> sp. 1, and three rhizocephalans that have expanded their distribution range to the Korean coast, <i>i.e.</i>, <i>Parasacculina oblonga</i>, <i>Sacculina angulata</i>, and <i>Sacculina gracilis</i>, whose expanded their distribution range to Korean coast. A synthetic update of Korean Rhizocephala fauna including a species checklist and remarks regarding distribution and taxonomy is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"63 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tropical Cyclone Passage on Plankton Community Respiration in a Phosphate-Limited Freshwater Ecosystem.","authors":"Erica Silk P Dela Paz, Chao-Chen Lai, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Chih-Hao Hsieh, Chia-Ying Ko","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plankton community respiration (CR) in aquatic ecosystems varies with environmental factors, which could be altered during tropical cyclones (TCs). A potential increase in CR resulting from the effects of TCs is generally understudied. Here, we examined the relationship between plankton CR and environmental factors, including during TC-affected periods, in a phosphate-limited freshwater ecosystem. We conducted an intensive <i>in situ</i> sampling in Fei-Tsui Reservoir (FTR) from January 2010 to December 2015 during TC periods and non-TC periods. Our results showed a consistent temporal pattern that plankton CR increased between March to October and declined between November to February. These changes in plankton CR, primarily supported by bacterial biomass, were positively influenced by euphotic depth-averaged temperature. The CR also significantly increased with euphotic depth-averaged NO₂-concentrations and decreased with euphotic depth-averaged NO₃-concentrations. These results indicated that these factors typically influenced CR dynamics in the FTR. During TC periods, plankton CR was increased further due to a higher and ideal euphotic depth-averaged temperature (23-27°C) and increased supply of limiting nutrient resources via stream runoff. Overall, this study showed that a TC positively influences plankton CR by creating favorable water conditions. Notably, with a higher frequency of intense TCs projected for the Western North Pacific in most climate change scenarios, the impact of TCs on CR may increase in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native Fauna of Tardigrades from Two Natural Areas of the Argentina Republic.","authors":"Belen Rocío Ostertag, Andrea Ximena González-Reyes, Alfonsina Grabosky, Florencia Meier, Irene Luisa Doma, José Corronca, Alejandra Mariana Rocha","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding and preserving biodiversity in natural habitats is crucial due to their rapid degradation and destruction. The meiofauna of natural areas is less well known than the macroscopic life. Tardigrades are common in limno-terrestrial meiofauna and can indicate environmental conditions. In this study, we expand our understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of tardigrade communities in two natural reserves in Argentina by examining the environmental factors that can affect them and the species that could be used as indicators. In 2018, sampling occurred in the Parque Luro Provincial Reserve (province of La Pampa) and the Poligono A Municipal Ecological Reserve (province of Salta). Samples were taken from epiphytic communities that grow on the bark of trees. Various environmental and microhabitat factors were taken into account. In the province of La Pampa, there were 1326 specimens of five species, and in the province of Salta, there were 212 specimens of nine species. The tardigrade communities in Salta exhibited statistically higher diversity than those in La Pampa. Temperature and moisture affected the tardigrade community of Parque Luro Provincial Reserve, while the microhabitat thickness affected those of Poligono A Municipal Ecological Reserve. The species turnover shaped the community of Salta, while nesting shaped the community of La Pampa.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life History Traits and Metabolic Pool Variation in Neotropical Species of <i>Drosophila</i> (Diptera, Drosophilidae).","authors":"Camila Heloise Dos Santos, Karoline Aparecida Vieira Dos Santos, Luciana Paes de Barros Machado, Rogério Pincela Mateus","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2023.62-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differential exploration of natural resources by <i>Drosophila</i> species has effects on fitness, with changes in life history and metabolic traits. There is a lack of research on the variation in these characters in different environments in Neotropical species of <i>Drosophila</i>. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of life history traits, including viability, development time, and dry weight (as a measure of size), as well as the metabolic pools of triglyceride, glycogen, and protein, in populations from the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil of four Neotropical <i>Drosophila</i> species: <i>D. willistoni</i>, of the <i>Sophophora</i> subgenus, and <i>D. mercatorum</i>, <i>D. maculifrons</i>, and <i>D. ornatifrons</i>, which belong to the <i>Drosophila</i> subgenus. Life history and metabolic traits showed interpopulational variation in at least one species. When significant differences in life history parameters occurred, species of the same subgenus presented similar profiles, <i>i.e.</i>, southern populations were larger, less viable, and showed longer development time. This was also observed for triglyceride. However, for the other two metabolic pools (glycogen and total proteins), <i>D. maculifrons</i> and <i>D. ornatifrons</i> presented inverse patterns to the other two species, with the highest values in southeastern populations and the lowest in southern populations. These populational variations indicate plasticity of the examined life history traits, which allows distinctive responses to different environmental conditions shared by speciesof the same subgenus. Nevertheless, interspecific comparisons did not reflect phylogenetic relationships, with the highest viability being found for <i>D. willistoni</i> and <i>D. mercatorum</i>, which is probably correlated to the ability of these species to explore a broader variety of habitats. On the other hand, the storage capability of metabolic pools seems to be species specific, determined by the adaptive history to the quality and availability of resources, with <i>D. mercatorum</i> (low) and <i>D. ornatifrons</i> (high) having opposing capacities to store metabolites from their diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"e56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}