Zoological Studies最新文献

{"title":"Immature Stages of White Belt Owlet Butterfly <i>Opoptera fruhstorferi</i> (Röber, 1896) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and its Natural Enemy, with a Summary of Brassolini Parasitoids.","authors":"Suianne Cajé, Iracilda Maria de Moura Lima, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke, Mirna Martins Casagrande","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-51","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Opoptera</i> Aurivillius, 1882 belongs to the tribe Brassolini and comprises 10 species. The white belt owlet butterfly <i>Opoptera fruhstorferi</i> (Röber, 1896) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, occurring in the southeast and south regions of Brazil. Morphological studies, including detailed descriptions of immatures and aspects of the natural history of <i>Opoptera</i>, remain poorly documented. This study aims to 1) describe for the first time the morphology of the immature stages of <i>O. fruhstorferi</i>; 2) provide a complete view of its life cycle; 3) report tritrophic plant-host-parasitoid interactions; 4) compile records of Brassolini parasitoids from the literature. These data expand the understanding of the natural history of <i>Opoptera</i>, a genus that still has several gaps to be filled. This study also contributes to the systematics of Neotropical butterflies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oceanic Influences on Mud Crab (<i>Scylla olivacea</i>) Reproductive Traits: A Comparative Study Across the Indian and Pacific Oceans.","authors":"Husneya Rensep, Yutaka Takeuchi, Sofiyudin Maae, Teuku Haris Iqbal, Nirattisai Petchsupa, Payap Masniyom, Supaporn Saengkaew, Sitthisak Jantarat, Sukree Hajisamae","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-58","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Scylla olivacea</i> is a commercially important species in the Indo-Pacific region, currently facing growing pressures from anthropogenic stressors. This study compares populations from the Indian Ocean (Andaman Sea) and the Pacific Ocean (Gulf of Thailand) to assess how different oceanic region and seasonal conditions influence key reproductive traits. By examining parameters such as sex ratio, size at first maturity, fecundity, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), the study aims to identify the differences that can inform targeted and sustainable management strategies. Crab samples were collected monthly from five sampling sites along the coast of the Indian Ocean (Ranong, Satun and Trang provinces) and the Pacific Ocean (Pattani and Surat Thani provinces) using traditional crab traps by local fishermen from April 2022 to May 2023 and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory. Results indicated that crabs from Ranong province, the Indian Ocean, exhibited smaller body sizes and values of most reproductive parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The fecundities were 1.03 × 106 and 1.49 × 106 for crabs from Ranong and Pattani provinces, respectively. Positive relationships were found between internal carapace width (ICW), carapace length (CL), abdomen width (AW), and body weight (BW) with ovary weight (OW). Mature females, based on gonad development stages III and IV, were present year-round at both oceanic coasts. Peak abundances were found in November at both sites. High GSI levels were recorded in April and June for Ranong province (3.05 ± 1.97 to 10.97 ± 1.96) and February and June for Pattani province (3.19 ± 1.72 to 10.52 ± 1.71). The estimated sizes at maturity (M50) for female/male of <i>S. olivacea</i> varied across locations with smaller sizes observed from the Indian Ocean viz., 78.0/83.1 mm, 64.0/79.2 mm and 81.9/80.6 mm in the provinces of Ranong, Satun and Trang, respectively and 92.3/93.2 mm and 96.9/96.8 mm in Pattani and Suratthani, respectively. The sex ratio also indicated variations across region, with male:female ratios of 1:0.92, 1:0.78, 1:0.77 and 1:1 in the provinces of Pattani, Ranong, Satun and Trang. It is thus concluded that the oceanic region affects reproductive characteristics of <i>S. olivacea</i> and these findings can be applied to highlight the importance of localized management strategy for a sustainable use of mud crab resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and Genetic Diversity of Golden Silk Orb-weaver (<i>Nephila</i>) Spiders in Thailand.","authors":"Fah Lertkulvanich, Akarapong Swatdipong, Natapot Warrit, Mingkwan Nipitwattanaphon","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-53","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spiders play a pivotal role in ecosystems, serving as predators to regulate populations of small organisms. They commonly exhibit body color polymorphism which could be due to a combination of environmental factors, adaptation, or genetic drift from population subdivision. This polymorphism, in turn, could affect their behavior and prey capture efficiency. Certain morphological traits may be unique to specific subregions, suggesting possible subspecies classification. In this study, we examined morphological polymorphism in the giant wood spider, <i>Nephila pilipes</i>, in Thailand, particularly focusing on leg variation and genetic variation at the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase I (<i>COI</i>) gene. We used partial sequence of the <i>COI</i> gene for our samples and constructed a phylogenetic tree by including other species. We explored the relationship between morphological polymorphism, <i>COI</i> genotype, and geographic distribution. Our findings categorized female <i>N. pilipes</i> into seven types based on legs I and IV, with no correlation to geographic region. The <i>N. pilipes</i> specimens formed two clades, each containing all leg types and collection regions, consistent with low genetic differentiation within the species. <i>Trichonephila antipodiana</i> specimens formed three clades while all Argyrodes flavescens specimens were grouped into a monophyletic clade. Additionally, <i>Nephila kuhli</i>, previously suggested to be a melanic morph of <i>N. pilipes</i>, was also included in the <i>N. pilipes</i> cluster, with a low genetic distance. Our results suggest that the leg variants in <i>N. pilipes</i> represent polymorphism within the species rather than distinct biospecies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12854857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Spelaeogammarus quilombola</i> sp. nov. (Amphipoda: Bogidielloidea: Artesiidae): a New Stygobitic Amphipod for Brazil, with a Supplementary Description of <i>Spelaeogammarus bahiensis</i> Da Silva Brum, 1975.","authors":"Júlia Barbosa Galo, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-57","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new stygobitic amphipod species of the genus <i>Spelaeogammarus</i> is described from a cave in the municipality of Morro do Chapéu, in Bahia, northeastern Brazil, increasing the total number of species in the genus to eleven. <i>Spelaeogammarus quilombola</i> sp. nov. shares similarities primarily with <i>Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus</i>, <i>S. bahiensis</i>, and <i>S. trajanoae</i>, but can be distinguished from its congeners by specific morphological and morphometric traits. An updated comparative table highlighting the diagnostic characteristics of <i>Spelaeogammarus</i> species are also provided. Additionally, we offer a supplementary description of <i>S. bahiensis</i> da Silva Brum, 1975, the type species of the genus. Finally, we discuss the habitat characteristics and the threats facing both species addressed in this study. Given its high endemism, this new species holds particular significance for biogeographical and conservation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could Crustaceans' Ovary Synthesize Ecdysone? First Evidence in a Crab Species During Intermolt.","authors":"María Paz Sal Moyano, Magdalena Graziano, Rodrigo Da Cuña, Ivana S Canosa, Gabriela R Silveyra, Enrique M Rodríguez, Tomas A Luppi","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-55","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The function of ecdysone in promoting molting is widely known in arthropods. Moreover, in insects, ecdysone synthesis in the ovary is involved in reproduction and development. In crustaceans, some studies conducted in species with the molt linked to mating have shown that ecdysone produced by the Y organ stimulates ovarian maturation, but scarce evidence about the capacity of the ovary itself to synthesize ecdysone is currently available. The present study provides the first evidence of the expression of a putative <i>shadow</i> gene (sad, cytochrome P450 CYP315A1), involved in the ecdysone synthesis pathway, in the ovary of the estuarine crab <i>Neohelice granulata</i>, considered a derived species with the molt not linked to mating. The obtained results provide the first evidence for future studies testing the hypothesis that during the intermolt period, the mature ovary of females synthesizes ecdysone to locally act on the female vulvae to promote its decalcification, allowing mating. These results are discussed considering phylogenetic relationships among Arthropoda.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Mitochondrial Genome with Phylogenetic Analyses of a New <i>Caenorhabditis</i> Species from Ta Kou Nature Reserve, Vietnam.","authors":"Viet Dai Dang, Jung-Chen Hsu, John Wang","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-44","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Caenorhabditis</i> species diversity has been surveyed in several places around the world and tends to be higher in subtropical and tropical regions. Vietnam is a long country with complex topography and a climate largely influenced by the northeast monsoon from the Siberian plateau. Here, we report the first <i>Caenorhabditis</i> survey in Ta Kou Nature Reserve located in south-central Vietnam, where we have found two isolates of a new species, <i>Caenorhabditis</i> sp. 71. Whole genome skimming of one isolate using a combination of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION long read and Illumina short read sequencing platforms allowed us to assemble a complete mitochondrial genome that is 13,654 bp in length. Annotation of the mitochondrial genome revealed 12 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the concatenated sequences of the 12 mitochondrial protein coding genes, suggests that <i>Caenorhabditis</i> sp. 71 is the sister species to <i>C. imperialis</i>. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of <i>Caenorhabditis</i> diversity in Vietnam but also highlight the ecological significance of isolated habitats, such as Ta Kou Mountain. These fragile environments are essential for biodiversity conservation and require dedicated protection to preserve their unique and diverse ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complete Larval Development of the Pedunculated Barnacle <i>Capitulum mitella</i> (Crustacea: Cirripedia) Using a Standardized Terminology.","authors":"Ryusuke Kado, Niklas Dreyer, Jørgen Olesen, Dieter Waloszek, Jens T Høeg","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-34","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the complete larval development of the pedunculated barnacle <i>Capitulum mitella</i>, using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This includes all six naupliar instars and the final cypris stage. Many previous accounts on the development of barnacle larvae suffer from a shortage in detail and habitually use terminologies that are either inconsistent or hard to compare with those used for other crustaceans. We therefore propose and use a new, completely standardized terminology to enable comparison both within barnacles and with larvae of other crustaceans. Rather than a stage-by-stage description, our account follows changes in specific features during larval development. The morphological, ecological and phylogenetic significance of these characters is discussed. Special attention is paid to the feeding apparatus and how it may have undergone adaptive evolution in response to changes in the availability of food items through geological time. <i>C. mitella</i> is universally agreed to be placed lower in the barnacle phylogeny than acorn barnacles (Balanomorpha), and fossil forms very similar to this species can be traced back to the Upper Jurassic. This makes <i>C. mitella</i> central to understanding the large-scale evolution within barnacles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12813613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of DNA Barcoding Libraries Boosted through Taxonomy: the Case of a Neglected Taxon within an Underexplored Region.","authors":"Zucco Zucco, Sara La Cava, Teresa Bonacci, Stefano Scalercio","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-49","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, taxonomy has been significantly improved by integrating molecular techniques with classical morphological methods, leading to the discovery of cryptic species. On the other hand, molecular datasets by themselves are ineffective in several types of research without basic taxonomic studies, as the ecological and biological roles of a given species cannot be determined without an accurate name. DNA barcoding libraries are widely used as identification tools by non-specialists to overcome the taxonomic impediment, but they fail when basic taxonomic studies are insufficient and faunistic inventories are lacking. South European microlepidoptera are poorly studied, with the exception of a few families such as Depressariidae. We tested the effectiveness of the DNA barcoding library for this family to identify 174 specimens collected in southern Italy, where faunistic studies are very limited. All specimens were successfully barcoded, and 95% of them were assigned to 47 species, 43 of which correspond to a Barcode Index Number (BIN). Four additional species shared a BIN but were still clearly separated into different clusters at within-BIN resolution. Only seven specimens belonging to four BINs remain unnamed, and <i>ad hoc</i> studies are needed to clarify their status. The regional fauna was enriched by 37 species, three of which are new for the Italian mainland and 21 for peninsular Italy, demonstrating the usefulness of the DNA barcoding library in assessing local diversity and overcoming the taxonomic impediment. Improving taxonomic studies is crucial for utilizing molecular datasets to depict ongoing macroecological dynamics, highlight species richness trends, and identify changes in species assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12813611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Epifaunal Communities on the <i>Sargassum</i> Beds of the Coast of Noto Peninsula, Japan.","authors":"Keito Tsunoda, Yukimasa Higashide, Shouzo Ogiso, Nobuo Suzuki, Kenji Toyota","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-39","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epifaunal communities inhabiting seaweeds are key components of temperate rocky reef ecosystems, playing vital roles in nutrient cycling and biodiversity maintenance. However, limited research has addressed their seasonal dynamics in the semi-enclosed Sea of Japan. This study examined the seasonal changes in epifaunal communities associated with two dominant brown algae, <i>Sargassum macrocarpum</i> and <i>S. patens</i>, in Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula. Over the course of one year, we recorded fluctuations in seaweed biomass and associated epifaunal abundance and composition. The wet weight of both host seaweed species peaked in spring and winter and declined during summer and autumn, reflecting their life history traits. Seasonal changes in epifaunal communities were more pronounced than differences between host species. Caprellid and gammarid amphipods exhibited synchronized abundance peaks with seaweed growth in spring and winter, while gastropods remained relatively stable year-round, likely favoring understory habitats. Bivalves increased in summer on <i>S. macrocarpum</i>, potentially due to structural differences facilitating larval settlement. Multivariate analyses (PERMANOVA and nMDS) revealed clear seasonal shifts in community composition, with caprellids, gammarids, and gastropods contributing most to these patterns. Our findings highlight the strong coupling between macroalgal phenology and epifaunal dynamics, suggesting that algal bed seasonality significantly shapes coastal community structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12813610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phylogenetic Position of <i>Stylochoposthia</i> Faubel, 1983 (Polycladida, Acotylea) Provides Insights into the Evolution of the Copulatory Apparatus.","authors":"Yuki Oya, Aoi Tsuyuki","doi":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-47","DOIUrl":"10.6620/ZS.2025.64-47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Stylochoposthia</i> Faubel, 1983 is a genus of acotylean polyclads, and its family-level assignment is controversial. In this study, we inferred the phylogenetic position of the genus represented by <i>Stylochoposthia</i> sp. using the combined data generated from partial sequences of nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA, and the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I gene. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>Stylochoposthia</i> sp. was nested in a robust clade comprising the species of four genera within Planoceridae Stimpson, 1857 (<i>Aquaplana</i> Hyman, 1953, <i>Heteroplanocera</i> Oya & Kajihara, 2021, <i>Paraplanocera</i> Laidlaw, 1903, and <i>Planocera</i> Blainville, 1828). Specifically, <i>Stylochoposthia</i> sp. was closely related to <i>Planocera pellucida</i> (Mertens, 1833), with high support values. This study revealed that an eversible cirrus with hard structures (numerous spines, thorns, or teeth) in the male copulatory apparatus, a diagnostic characteristic of Planoceridae, has been lost in the lineage of <i>Stylochoposthia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49331,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Studies","volume":"64 ","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12813612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}