Acta Geotechnica最新文献

{"title":"Hypoplastic modeling and finite-element simulation of root-reinforced soils","authors":"Xuan Zou,&nbsp;Shun Wang,&nbsp;Xuan Kang,&nbsp;Barbara Maria Świtała,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03038-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03038-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root-reinforced soils are increasingly used in ecological slope protection, yet their mechanical behavior remains insufficiently described in current numerical modelling approaches. In this study, a hypoplastic constitutive model for root-reinforced soil is proposed. The mechanical reinforcement effect of plant root is incorporated by modifying both the critical state stress ratio and the critical void ratio as functions of root content. The proposed model is implemented within a finite element framework using an explicit integration scheme combined with a stress-correction procedure to ensure numerical stability. A series of benchmark simulations, including triaxial and direct shear tests on root-reinforced soil, are performed to validate the model performance. The applicability of the model is further evaluated through numerical simulations of rainfall-induced instability in vegetated slopes. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a practical framework and an effective computational tool for analyzing and designing vegetated slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 6","pages":"3297 - 3315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-026-03038-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulations on ground deformation during CO2 underground storage beneath hydrate-bearing sandy layer","authors":"Sayuri Kimoto","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03033-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03033-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), a method for capturing and storing emitted carbon dioxide, is being promoted as one of the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The current mainstream CCS technology is aquifer storage, which involves injecting and trapping supercritical CO₂ beneath geological structures such as a rock layer with low permeability and barrier properties, and the number of suitable storage sites is limited. Recently, a storage method using the gas hydrate has been proposed. In this method, injected liquid CO₂ forms a self-sealing layer and the liquid CO₂ is stored beneath the hydrate-bearing layer, eliminating the need for a barrier layer and potentially expanding the storage area. In this study, CO₂ (liquid)/water two-phase fluid-solid coupled analyses are performed to investigate the deformation behavior of the seafloor. In the analysis, it is assumed that the hydrate-bearing layer with several meters thickness has already formed in the sand layer, and the ground stability during CO₂ injection and storage beneath the hydrate layer is focused on. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model is used for the hydrate-bearing sand layer, which takes into account the increased stiffness and creep properties due to hydrates. Simulations are carried out under different injection locations and pressure conditions to investigate the mechanical behavior of the sand layer and hydrate-bearing layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 6","pages":"3251 - 3267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling nonlinear propagation behavior of multi-type secondary cracks in rocks with contact retrieval by quasi-state-based peridynamics","authors":"Feng Tian,&nbsp;Zaobao Liu,&nbsp;Seokwon Jeon,&nbsp;Yubo Wang,&nbsp;Enda Zhang,&nbsp;Hongbo Li","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03024-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03024-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extension of primary fissures within surrounding rock poses significant risks to the construction and operational safety of deep rock engineering. Quasi-state-based peridynamics (QSBPD) offer an effective means of capturing the complex initiation of secondary cracks. However, the diversity and abundance of these cracks often induce nonlinear behaviors, such as deflection, branching, and convergence, that challenge the accuracy and efficiency of existing peridynamic algorithms. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an enhanced QSBPD framework incorporating an exponential fictitious crack model, enabling more realistic simulations of secondary crack propagation in both brittle and semi-brittle rocks. A novel embedded crack spatial parameter identification algorithm is also developed to precisely determine crack type, length, thickness, branch number, extension velocity, and duration. In addition, an optimal memory structure informed by the spatiotemporal correlation of material points is derived, significantly improving the efficiency of contact retrieval on crack surfaces. The proposed method is validated through simulations of fourteen sandstone specimens with prefabricated cracks under compressive loading, covering various crack geometries and inclination angles. Results demonstrate that the algorithm successfully captures 11 types of secondary cracks and six key physical quantities, with prediction errors for macroscopic mechanical parameters below 4%. Contact retrieval tasks are reduced by 10% to 31%, while retrieval efficiency is improved by a factor of 5.86 to 6.53. Furthermore, a peridynamic damage statistical function based on penetrating cracks is proposed. The accuracy, robustness, and computational advantages of the approach are confirmed through experimental and numerical comparisons. This study advances the capacity of peridynamic modeling to simulate the nonlinear evolution of multi-type secondary cracks, offering a powerful numerical tool for investigating disaster mechanisms in deep rock engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 6","pages":"3269 - 3295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microscopic mechanism of microwave-induced rapidly stabilized soil with CDW-based geopolymer","authors":"Xia Bian,&nbsp;Shuyao Zuo,&nbsp;Jianyu Xiao,&nbsp;Lingling Zeng,&nbsp;Xiusong Shi,&nbsp;Jian Ji,&nbsp;Yutao Zhang,&nbsp;Biao Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03042-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03042-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emergency geotechnical engineering and post-disaster reconstruction require soil stabilization technologies capable of achieving rapid strength gain with low environmental impact. However, conventional cement-based stabilization of excavated soils and construction and demolition waste (CDW) is constrained by high-carbon emissions, long curing durations, and insufficient early strength. The development of low-carbon binders capable of rapid strength gain therefore remains a critical challenge. In this study, a CDW-based geopolymer composed of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), waste glass, and clay red brick powder is proposed for the stabilization of excavated soils. To further accelerate strength development, microwave curing is introduced as a rapid and energy-efficient activation technique. A series of mechanical properties tests and microstructural characterization techniques, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to investigate the effects of alkali activation parameters (NaOH concentration, Na₂SiO₃ modulus, and alkali-to-solid ratio), precursor composition, and microwave curing conditions on the mechanical performance and strength improvement mechanisms of stabilized soils. The results demonstrate that the UCS of the geopolymer-stabilized soil exhibits a nonlinear relationship with the alkali activation parameters: Strength initially increases and subsequently decreases beyond an optimal threshold for NaOH concentration, Na₂SiO₃ modulus, and alkali-to-solid ratio. Microwave curing significantly enhances early strength development, achieving more than 50% of the 28 days UCS immediately after treatment. However, excessive microwave power or prolonged curing leads to a strength reduction due to microstructural damage. Microstructural analyses reveal that strength enhancement is associated with the formation of a dense, three-dimensional sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N–A–S–H) gel network and coexisting calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) phases, while strength degradation at higher energy inputs is linked to microcrack development and gel dehydration. Overall, the findings provide experimental evidence and mechanistic insight into the feasibility of microwave-assisted, CDW-derived geopolymer binders for rapid soil stabilization, particularly suited for emergency, temporary, and surface-layer geotechnical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 8","pages":"5305 - 5322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on the failure mechanism of load distributive compression anchors in residual soil","authors":"Bum-Hee Jo,&nbsp;Choong-Ki Chung,&nbsp;Gyu-Beom Shin","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03028-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03028-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of Load Distribution Compression Anchors (LDCAs), known for their high bearing capacity and removable strands after construction, has grown recently. Unlike conventional anchors, LDCAs have multiple anchor bodies along their length, presenting unique pull-out behaviors that remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the failure mechanisms of LDCAs through physical model tests conducted in residual soil with a 90% relative density, adjusting variables such as anchor length, the number of anchor bodies, and the spacing between these bodies. To assess the effect of the surrounding soil on these mechanisms, the results of the experiment were compared with those from experiments conducted at a 70% relative density. Findings revealed that anchor body-grout tensile failure occurred during the initial loading stage. The tensile failure was determined by the grout strength itself rather than the effect of the surrounding soil. After anchor body-grout tensile failure, each anchor body behaves independently. However, when the spacing between the anchor bodies was small, local grout-ground interface failure occurred at both 70% and 90% relative density conditions, resulting in the overlapping of grout axial loads. Lastly, it was confirmed that the ultimate bearing capacity of LDCAs (multiple anchor bodies) can be less than that of compression-type anchors (single anchor body). The shear field developed by each anchor body in LDCAs overlapped and reduced the grout-ground shear strength. The reduction in ultimate bearing capacity was more pronounced in the dense soil condition and narrow anchor body spacing condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 8","pages":"5283 - 5303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-026-03028-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of true-triaxial stress and elevated temperature on three-directional permeability of a purple sandstone","authors":"Jiacun Liu,&nbsp;Xing Li,&nbsp;Yi Xia,&nbsp;Ying Xu,&nbsp;Dongping Liu,&nbsp;Kaiwen Xia","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03044-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03044-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reservoir rocks exist within geological environments characterized by elevated true-triaxial stress, pore pressure, and temperature. Understanding the coupled effects of temperature and true-triaxial stress on three-directional permeability is crucial for the efficient extraction of underground resources. Therefore, this study employs a self-developed true-triaxial geophysical imaging cell equipped with a temperature-controlled module to conduct three-directional helium permeability tests on purple sandstone. A stepwise loading path is adopted in this study to examine the influence of temperature (from 20 to 80 °C) and true-triaxial stress on three-dimensional permeability. As a result of inherent structural heterogeneity, the three-directional permeability exhibits significant anisotropy even under isotropic stress conditions. Under the coupled effects of thermal expansion and stress compaction, the three-directional permeability decreases with increasing temperature and principal stresses, and its sensitivity exhibits a negative correlation with both temperature and stress levels. This study introduces anisotropy ratios to quantitatively characterize the anisotropy degree in three-directional permeability (<span>({{k_{y} } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{k_{y} } {k_{x} }}} right. kern-0pt} {k_{x} }})</span>, <span>({{k_{z} } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{k_{z} } {k_{x} }}} right. kern-0pt} {k_{x} }})</span>, <span>({{k_{z} } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{k_{z} } {k_{y} }}} right. kern-0pt} {k_{y} }})</span>). Owing to the differences in sensitivity of three-directional permeability to temperature and principal stresses, the anisotropy ratio exhibits complex nonlinear evolution with changing temperature and true-triaxial stress states. A new three-directional permeability model is developed by introducing variable temperature-stress sensitivity coefficients into exponential permeability formulation. This model can effectively characterize the evolution of three-directional permeability and corresponding anisotropy ratio under varying temperature and true-triaxial stress conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 8","pages":"5261 - 5281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel simulation approach of cut-off wall penetration into core walls considering the nonlinear normal contact","authors":"Shao-lin Ding,&nbsp;Han Xu,&nbsp;Jia-jun Pan,&nbsp;Yan-li Wang,&nbsp;Yi-wei Lu,&nbsp;Xu-dong Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03032-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03032-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cut-off wall and core wall are critical components for seepage control in earth-rock dams. The interfacial normal interaction behavior between these elements can significantly influence the overall stability of such dams. However, current research on the normal interfacial contact mechanical behavior between cut-off walls and core walls is limited, leaving the contact mechanism during cut-off wall penetration into core walls poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study proposed a novel finite element simulation approach of cut-off wall penetration into core walls considering the nonlinear normal contact model. The contact nodal force and contact stiffness matrix are determined with the nonlinear normal contact model and incorporated into the load vector and global stiffness matrix of finite element, respectively. Solution of displacement and stress is realized with a global equilibrium iteration under the combined effects of contact forces, external loads, and boundary constraints. The proposed approach was subsequently implemented into the finite element analysis to simulate the penetration process of the cut-off wall into the clay core wall. Simultaneously, physical model tests, systematically investigating the relationship between cut-off wall-end stress and penetration displacement using a custom-designed apparatus on clay specimens, were conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed simulation approach. Experimental results demonstrate a significant nonlinear relationship between the wall-end stress and penetration displacement during the penetration process. The numerical simulations yielded results consistent with those obtained from the physical model tests. This research elucidates the mechanical behavior of cut-off wall penetration into clay core walls, provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing interfacial interactions, and offers valuable insights for the stability assessment of cut-off walls in practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 7","pages":"4265 - 4281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscopic and microscopic mechanism of liquefaction resistance of quasi-saturated sand: insights from DEM simulations","authors":"Yinqiang Liu,&nbsp;Wenhao Xu,&nbsp;Han Zang,&nbsp;Hongmei Gao,&nbsp;Zhifu Shen,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03030-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03030-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sand liquefaction is a critical earthquake-induced hazard, and desaturation has been increasingly recognized as a promising countermeasure. To clarify the underlying mechanisms of liquefaction in quasi-saturated sand under cyclic loading, this study employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations, incorporating the compressibility of gas–water mixtures to investigate the liquefaction behavior of quasi-saturated sand. Simulations were conducted under varying confining pressures, relative densities, cyclic stress ratios (CSR), and degrees of saturation, enabling a systematic analysis of macroscopic behavior, microstructural evolution, and energy dissipation. The results demonstrate that desaturation substantially delays the liquefaction triggering and enhances structural stability, with the most pronounced benefits under low CSR. The improvement effect strengthens with confining pressure and density up to an optimum, but decreases thereafter, indicating that desaturation is most effective in shallow to intermediate deposits. At the microscale, the mechanical coordination number and skeletal void ratio effectively capture structural instability and phase transformation processes. Energy dissipation exhibits a staged transition from shear-driven to collision-dominated mechanisms, accompanied by a characteristic phase reversal. The compliance index is introduced to quantify energy–deformation adaptability, showing a rise–peak–fall trend with energy input; its peak is significantly higher under desaturation, reflecting enhanced structural compliance and resistance. These findings provide new insights into the multi-scale mechanisms of liquefaction in quasi-saturated soils and establish a practical quantitative basis for desaturation-based mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 6","pages":"3225 - 3250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessment of offshore wind turbines with pile–wheel composite foundations considering combined effects of wind–wave–current–earthquake","authors":"Xinjun Zou,&nbsp;Zijian Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03041-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03041-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Offshore structures installed in earthquake-prone areas are threatened by the combined effect of seismic waves and environmental loadings, which should be considered for practical designing the wind turbine system. Despite the widespread investigation of monopile–wheel composite foundations due to their advantages, current research on the dynamic stability and performance of composite foundations under excitation loads of marine environment is limited. To fill the gap, a unique numerical model of offshore wind turbine (OWT) equipped with the monopile–wheel composite foundation subjected to combined loading effects is represented in this study, including the interactions of OWT with surrounding soil and water. The effects of several parameters, such as loading type, seismic intensity, wind speed and wave height, on the dynamic behavior of the whole offshore structure are investigated by the comprehensive studies, capturing efficiently the fundamental mechanisms and general deformation patterns. The numerical results reveal that phase cancellation between wind–wave and seismic loads can lead to amplification of structural responses during specific time intervals relative to the non-seismic case. Moreover, both seismic intensity, wind speed and wave height contribute to the progressive amplification of the time-varying seismic response of the OWT structure, and the influence of seismic intensity on internal forces at the foundation bottom is more pronounced than on the kinematic responses at the tower top. The main findings based on the numerical study are presented for the seismic design codes of monopile–wheel composite foundations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 8","pages":"5239 - 5259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field investigation on prefabricated radiant drain (PRD) vacuum preloading for soft ground reinforcement effectiveness: a case study","authors":"Huayang Lei,&nbsp;Jiankai Li,&nbsp;Shuangxi Feng,&nbsp;Tianlu Ma,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang,&nbsp;Shengpeng Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-026-03034-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-026-03034-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional vacuum preloading methods often encounter issues such as clogging around prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs), leading to uneven soil consolidation and differential ground settlement. To address these limitations, the prefabricated radiant drain (PRD) vacuum preloading method was proposed. To verify the engineering performance of the PRD vacuum preloading technology under real and complex geological conditions, this study investigates the effectiveness of the PRD vacuum preloading method in reinforcing soft ground through a full-scale field test at the Huanghua Port Bulk Cargo Terminal Mineral Powder Storage Yard Project in Hebei Province, China. The test compared the PRD method with the conventional PVD vacuum preloading technique over an area of more than 200 m². Results indicate that the PRD method significantly enhances soil reinforcement, increasing average surface settlement by 35.6% and reducing final average pore water pressure by 24.5% compared to the conventional method. The average vane shear strength of the soil after reinforcement using PRD increased by 21.7%, while the average water content decreased by 22.0%. Additionally, PRD effectively mitigated non-uniform consolidation, reducing differential pore water pressure changes by 38.1% and decreasing the variation in soil shear strength at both the PRD locations and the midpoints between adjacent PRDs. This study confirms that PRD technology offers significant advantages in efficiently and environmentally friendly reinforcing soft ground and recycling dredged silt, providing valuable insights for similar projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"21 8","pages":"5219 - 5237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}