Durmuş Bolat, Sadullah Bahar, Sevda Fatma Müftüoğlu, Aytül Kürüm
{"title":"Gross Anatomy and Cervical Ventral Branch Variations of the Phrenic Nerve in Akkaraman Sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"Durmuş Bolat, Sadullah Bahar, Sevda Fatma Müftüoğlu, Aytül Kürüm","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sheep models are important in peripheral nerve research due to anatomical similarities to humans. The phrenic nerve, as the sole motor nerve of the diaphragm, represents a crucial structure for understanding peripheral nerve anatomy. This study investigated the gross anatomical characteristics and cervical ventral branch variations of the phrenic nerve in Akkaraman sheep to provide fundamental data for peripheral nerve research. Seven one-year-old male Akkaraman sheep underwent neurological examination. Following euthanasia and perfusion fixation with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution, systematic dissection was performed to identify phrenic nerve origins, course and branching patterns. Phrenic nerve formation showed species-specific variations. In four animals (57.1%), the nerve was formed by ventral branches from C5, C6 and C7, whereas in the remaining three animals (42.9%), formation involved ventral branches from C5 and C6 only. Intrathoracic formation occurred in six animals (85.7%) and extrathoracic in one animal (14.3%). Consistent bilateral symmetry of the phrenic nerve was observed in all specimens, accompanied by variations in cervical ventral branch contributions and formation levels. No macroscopically detectable branches supplying the pericardium were identified along the intrathoracic course of the phrenic nerve. These findings support the use of sheep as large animal models for peripheral nerve research and emphasize the need to consider anatomical variability in experimental design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janek Gensicke, Thomas Grochow, Mirjam Kalusa, Johannes Tassani-Prell, Rebecca L. Tartsch, Christoph K. W. Mülling, Simone A. Fietz, Nicole Röhrmann
{"title":"The Canine Sacroiliac Joint: 1. Classification and Morphometrics","authors":"Janek Gensicke, Thomas Grochow, Mirjam Kalusa, Johannes Tassani-Prell, Rebecca L. Tartsch, Christoph K. W. Mülling, Simone A. Fietz, Nicole Röhrmann","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The canine sacroiliac joint (CSIJ) is becoming increasingly relevant in the clinical evaluation of lameness and lumbosacral pain syndromes. However, its detailed anatomical characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterise the intra-articular structures of the CSIJ histologically, establish a substantiated joint classification and provide a comprehensive morphometric assessment of all joint surface areas. In 29 dogs without known spinal disorders, the synovial surface area (SSA), extrasynovial surface area (ESA) and total surface area (TSA) were quantified bilaterally using a two-dimensional measurement approach. Surface areas were proportionally analysed and normalised to crown–rump length (CRL). The intra-articular structures were predominantly composed of dense connective tissue with fibrocartilaginous components. Based on these findings, the CSIJ represents a combined joint comprising a caudoventral diarthrosis and a craniodorsal symphysis in this population. Morphometric analysis revealed pronounced bilateral symmetry, while iliac surface areas were significantly larger than sacral surface areas (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In relative terms, the sacral SSA contributed a greater proportion to the TSA. All measured surface areas showed strong correlations with CRL (<i>R</i> = 0.78–0.86). Sex-related differences were observed exclusively in SSA, with males exhibiting larger values. In conclusion, this study integrates detailed histological characterisation with comprehensive morphometric analysis to delineate the anatomical properties of the CSIJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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