Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

{"title":"Macro-anatomical investigations on the skeleton of the Egyptian hedgehog (Hemiechinus auratus aegyptius)","authors":"Said Ahmed Mohamed Hassan,&nbsp;Walaa Abdelwahab Abdelghani Basha","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The skeletal anatomy of wild animals plays a major role in their adaptation to their habitats. Information regarding the skeletal architecture of the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (<i>Hemiechinus auratus aegyptius</i>), a terrestrial and nocturnal insectivorous mammal, was lacking. Current work described the detailed bone formation of this species' skeleton grossly and morphometrically. Skeletons of five adults, apparently healthy hedgehogs of both sexes, aged 10 ± 2 months, were obtained. Preparation of the bones was accomplished by using a hot water maceration procedure. The skull was elongated. The external sagittal crest and temporal lines were unclear. The mental foramen was ventral to P2. The angular process of the mandible was large. The vertebral formula was C7, T13, L6, S3, Ca 13–15. The transverse foramen was absent in the seventh cervical vertebra. The sternum was formed of five sternal segments. There was a supratrochlear foramen on the distal part of the humerus diaphysis, connecting the radial and the olecranon fossae. The radius and ulna were fused by connective tissue. The carpals had three bones in the proximal row and four bones in the distal row. There were five metacarpals with five digits. The acetabulum was circular and had deep acetabular fossa. The foramen obturatum was ovoid. The pelvic symphysis was confined only to the ischium. The greater trochanter of the femur was lower than the level of the femoral head. The trochanteric fossa was deep and oval. Tibia and fibula fused distally. Two tarsals were in the proximal row and four in the distal row. There were five metatarsals with five digits. These findings provide the anatomical basis for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of this hedgehog species to their feeding habits and habitats and aim to help veterinarians, taxonomists, and wildlife biologists' in future biomedical and comparative skeletal anatomical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape analysis of the carpal joint in healthy and septic arthritis in newborn calves","authors":"Sedef Koçak,&nbsp;İsa Özaydin,&nbsp;Ozan Gündemir","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Septic arthritis is common in newborn calves due to poor birth and housing hygiene. This study investigated the pathological deformities caused by arthritis in the carpal bones of calves using geometric morphometry. The changes in the carpal joint bones of newborn calves with septic arthritis were examined through shape analysis. The study included 20 healthy Simmental calves and 30 Simmental calves with septic arthritis. Dorso-palmar x-ray images of the carpal joint were taken, and geometric morphometry was performed on these images using 25 landmarks. The first principal components (PC1) represented 26.92% of the total variation, while PC2 represented 13.84%. One of the most significant shape changes with increasing PC1 occurred in the os carpi intermedium. The study found that it was statistically possible to discriminate between radiometric carpal joint images of Simmental calves in the control and arthritis groups using geometric morphometry. In newborn calves with septic arthritis, the trochlea radi was located more proximally. There was an enlargement of the os carpi intermedium and a tendency towards the os carpi ulnare in female calves with septic arthritis. These results indicate significant bone deformation due to septic arthritis. Geometric morphometric methods can be clinically useful, as demonstrated in this study. Researchers can statistically explore these shape analyses, opening new avenues for research in this field. This method not only enhances our understanding of morphological changes but also provides a framework for clinical investigations and discoveries in related areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteological features of some clupeid fishes (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) of Iran","authors":"Laith A. Jawad,&nbsp;Leyli Purrafee Dizaj,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Esmaeili","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the conclusions of a comparative analysis of six osteological features: the Structure of the vertebral column, the morphology of the predorsal bones, the vertebral column regionalization, the pterygiophore interdigitation with neural spines of dorsal fin, the pterygiophores interdigitation of with the haemal spines of the anal fin, and the intermuscular bones (IMB) and hypomerals (HM) of 12 clupeid species of the families <i>Alosidae, Dorosomatidae, Dussumieridae and Ehiravidae</i>. Conceivable taxonomically beneficial osteological features are nominated and utilized to discrete the clupeid species explored. Formulae for the structure of the vertebral column, the dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores' interdigitation with the neural and haemal spines of the vertebrae are established. These morphological descriptive traits disclose a morphotype that may be related to the mode of swimming of the species searched. The morphological study of the vertebral column of the species in question permits the division of this bony structure into six morphologically different regions. This regionalization is more intricate than the classical division in abdominal and caudal parts only.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of sweat glands in the skin of Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis) and Baltic ringed (Pusa hispida botnica) seals","authors":"Laura Itkonen,&nbsp;Heini Nihtilä,&nbsp;Juha Laakkonen","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The endangered Saimaa ringed seal (<i>Pusa hispida saimensis</i>) is an endemic freshwater subspecies inhabiting Lake Saimaa in Finland. The Baltic ringed seal (<i>Pusa hispida botnica</i>) inhabits the brackish Baltic Sea, which is almost entirely landlocked. Recent research shows that Saimaa and Baltic ringed seals may be genetically even further apart from each other than from other ringed seal subspecies. We documented histologically the integument microstructure of Saimaa and Baltic ringed seals to determine whether the geographic and genetic isolation was manifested as variation in the integument microstructure of these subspecies adapted to icy aquatic environments. The skin structures of these subspecies were similar to those of other phocids. The association of the sweat glands with hair follicles in both subspecies suggested that they were small apocrine sweat glands described previously in terrestrial or aquatic mammals. None of the apocrine glands had large lumina, and some of the ducts were relatively straight and short. Further studies analysing the mode of secretion, for example, apocrine versus eccrine, in the sweat glands are necessary to confirm the types of sweat glands in seals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.13077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear measurements and shape analysis in the calcaneus of selected dog breeds","authors":"Esra Toryan,&nbsp;Tomasz Szara,&nbsp;Ozan Gündemir","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13078","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The vast array of dog breeds showcases a remarkable diversity that extends to osteological differences. Exploring these morphological distinctions and establishing reference data for various dog breeds are essential steps in comprehending the evolutionary changes that dogs have undergone. In this study, we conducted linear measurements of the calcaneus and performed shape analyses on selected dog breeds to elucidate distinctive characteristics among them. X-ray images of the calcaneus from six different dog breeds—Maltese Terrier, Toy Poodle, Pomeranian, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, French Bulldog and Golden Retriever—were utilized for this investigation. Radiological images were obtained from a medio-lateral exposure, positioned 30 cm away from the x-ray device. From these images, four linear length measurements and two angle values were extracted. Additionally, a 2D geometric morphometric analysis was conducted using 32 semi landmarks placed on the radiological images. Linear measurements were assessed using ANOVA, while principal component analysis was employed to examine shape variations across all individuals. Shape differences between species were further elucidated through canonical variates analysis. The results revealed that the Golden Retriever exhibited the highest values for linear measurements, while the Pomeranian showed the lowest. Maltese Terriers displayed the highest dorsal calcaneal angle value. Notably, there were significant differences in calcaneal body length among all breeds, except for the Toy Poodle and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Moreover, Maltese Terriers exhibited statistically distinct angular measurements compared to other breeds. Principal component analysis unveiled that the first principal component explained 32.69% of the total variation, with the cranial edge of the calcaneal body being closer to the body in individuals with higher values. Shape variations also indicated that Golden Retrievers displayed a broader range of shapes compared to French Bulldogs, which exhibited a more conservative distribution. While there was no clear breed-specific distinction according to the first principal component, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels generally showed lower values. In canonical variates analysis, distinctions in calcaneal shape between species were apparent, with Golden Retrievers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and French Bulldogs displaying positive values for the first canonical variates. The highest Procrustes distance was observed between Maltese Terriers and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Notably, allometry was found to be statistically insignificant. This comprehensive study utilized both linear and geometric morphometric analyses based on x-ray images, yielding promising results. The integration of imaging systems in veterinary anatomy research presents numerous opportunities for studying animal welfare and health, utilizing various materials such as bones and cadavers. These advancements hold the ","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gross morphology and morphometry of native and decellularized heart valves of caprine: A comparative study","authors":"S. A. V. Manikanta Sarma,&nbsp;Devendra Pathak,&nbsp;Opinder Singh,&nbsp;Varinder Uppal,&nbsp;Jitender Mohindroo,&nbsp;Ratan Kumar Choudhary","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The gross morphological examination of native caprine heart valves revealed distinctive structural characteristics of the caprine's cardiac anatomy. Four primary orifices were identified, each protected by thin, valve-like structures. Atrioventricular orifices featured tricuspid and bicuspid valves, while the aorta and pulmonary arteries were guarded by semilunar valves. Within the atrioventricular apparatus, distinct features were observed including the tricuspid valve's three leaflets and the bicuspid valve's anterior and posterior leaflets. Ultrasonography provided insights into valve thickness and chordae tendineae lengths. Morphometric studies compared leaflets/cusps within individual native valves, showcasing significant variations in dimensions. Comparative analysis between native and decellularized valves highlighted the effects of decellularization on leaflet thickness and chordae tendineae lengths. Decellularized valves exhibited reduced dimensions compared to native valves, indicating successful removal of cellular components. While some dimensions remained unchanged post-decellularization, significant reductions were observed in leaflet thicknesses and chordae tendineae lengths. Notably, semilunar valve cusps displayed varying responses to decellularization, with significant reductions in cusp lengths observed in the aortic valve, while the pulmonary valve exhibited more subtle changes. These findings underscore the importance of understanding structural alterations in heart valves post-decellularization, providing valuable insights for tissue engineering applications and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of pectens in diurnal and nocturnal birds and a new functional proposal relating to non-visual opsins","authors":"Ken Takeshi Kusakabe,&nbsp;Miho Seto,&nbsp;Yumiko Harada,&nbsp;Asako Kusakabe,&nbsp;Lita Rakhma Yustinasari,&nbsp;Muneyoshi Hyoto,&nbsp;Chihiro Nakahara,&nbsp;Ai Gondo,&nbsp;Tomohiro Kondo,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Kano,&nbsp;Yasuo Kiso,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Imai","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pecten is a fold-structured projection at the ocular fundus in bird eyes, showing morphological diversity between the diurnal and nocturnal species. However, its biological functions remain unclear. This study investigated the morphological and histological characteristics of pectens in wild birds. Additionally, the expression of non-visual opsin genes was studied in chicken pectens. These genes, identified in the chicken retina and brain, perceive light periodicity regardless of visual communication. Similar pleat numbers have been detected among bird taxa; however, pecten size ratios in the ocular fundus showed noticeable differences between diurnal and nocturnal birds. The pectens in nocturnal brown hawk owl show extremely poor vessel distribution and diameters compared with that of diurnal species. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of <i>Opn5L3</i>, <i>Opn4x</i>, <i>Rrh</i> and <i>Rgr</i> genes. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the distribution of <i>Rgr</i>-positive reactions in non-melanotic cells around the pecten vessels. This study suggests a novel hypothesis that pectens develop dominantly in diurnal birds as light acceptors and contribute to continuous visual function or the onset of periodic behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological tissue classification with a novel statistical filter-based convolutional neural network","authors":"Nejat Ünlükal,&nbsp;Erkan Ülker,&nbsp;Merve Solmaz,&nbsp;Kübra Uyar,&nbsp;Şakir Taşdemir","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep networks have been of considerable interest in literature and have enabled the solution of recent real-world applications. Due to filters that offer feature extraction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is recognized as an accurate, efficient and trustworthy deep learning technique for the solution of image-based challenges. The high-performing CNNs are computationally demanding even if they produce good results in a variety of applications. This is because a large number of parameters limit their ability to be reused on central processing units with low performance. To address these limitations, we suggest a novel statistical filter-based CNN (HistStatCNN) for image classification. The convolution kernels of the designed CNN model were initialized by continuous statistical methods. The performance of the proposed filter initialization approach was evaluated on a novel histological dataset and various histopathological benchmark datasets. To prove the efficiency of statistical filters, three unique parameter sets and a mixed parameter set of statistical filters were applied to the designed CNN model for the classification task. According to the results, the accuracy of GoogleNet, ResNet18, ResNet50 and ResNet101 models were 85.56%, 85.24%, 83.59% and 83.79%, respectively. The accuracy was improved by 87.13% by HistStatCNN for the histological data classification task. Moreover, the performance of the proposed filter generation approach was proved by testing on various histopathological benchmark datasets, increasing average accuracy rates. Experimental results validate that the proposed statistical filters enhance the performance of the network with more simple CNN models.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amylin-like immunoreactivity in the extra-islet peptide YY-producing and glucagon-immunoreactive cells in Japanese quail pancreas","authors":"Bonten Yanagida,&nbsp;Toshiharu Yamamoto,&nbsp;Hirohumi Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we investigated amylin-like substance distribution in the pancreas of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) using a specific anti-rat amylin serum. We detected amylin-immunoreactive cells dispersed in the pancreatic extra-islet region but not in the islet region. The synthetic rat amylin-containing serum pre-absorption abolished the staining profile. Almost all amylin-immunoreactive cells were immuno-positive for peptide YY (PYY). In addition, certain amylin-immunoreactive cells stained immuno-positive for glucagon. Amylin and PYY co-secreted from the extra-islet cells might participate in the insulin and glucagon release regulation in the pancreas and food intake modulation through the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric study on sheep brain using stereology technique","authors":"Javad Sadeghinezhad,&nbsp;Mohamad Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Mehdi Heydari Lehi","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three-dimensional morphometric data better show the structural and functional characteristics of the brain. The objective of this study was to estimate the volume of the cerebral structures of the sheep using design-based stereology. The brains of five sheep were used, fixed in formalin 10% and embedded in agar 6%. An average of 10–12 slab was obtained from each brain. All slabs were stained using Mulligan's method and photographs were recorded. The volume of the brain and its structures were estimated using the Cavalieri's estimator and the point counting system. The total volume was 70604.8 ± 132.45 mm³. The volume fractions of the grey and white matters were calculated as 42.55 ± 0.21% and 24.23 ± 0.51% of the whole brain, respectively. The fractional volume of the caudate nucleus and claustrum were estimated at 2.39 ± 0.08% and at 1.008 ± 0.057% of total brain volume. The volumes of corpus callosum, internal capsule and external capsule were 1.24 ± 0.053%, 3.63 ± 0.22% and 0.698 ± 0.049% of total cerebral volume, respectively. These data could help improve the veterinary comparative neuroanatomy knowledge and development of experimental studies in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}