Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

{"title":"Ultrastructural, Histological, and Immunofluorescence Evaluation of Autophagy in Murine Embryonic, Postnatal, and Prepubertal Ovaries","authors":"Fakhroddin Mesbah,&nbsp;Tahereh Talaei-Khozani,&nbsp;Hossein Bordbar,&nbsp;Mojde Pajokh","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ovary of mammals is a unique organ that is characterized by morphological tissue rearrangements, which include the development and death of germ cells, alongside the development and atresia of follicles. Additionally, the initiation of meiosis in germ cells, the development of follicles, and the onset of puberty likely involve cellular mechanisms such as autophagy. Despite some knowledge has been gained, there remains a gap in understanding the precise role of autophagy in these processes, particularly with the emergence of a specific variant termed mitophagy in reproductive sciences. In addition to its role in regulating energy metabolism and maintaining cellular homeostasis, autophagy can either facilitate cell survival or induce cell death. Considering the critical time points during female gonad development where autophagy may be involved in various cellular processes, we assessed the ultrastructural and histological characteristics of autophagy. This evaluation included Beclin-1 immunodetection as an autophagy marker in the embryonic ovary of female mice at 13.5 days post coitum, as well as in ovaries collected from newborns at 1 postnatal day and prepubertal at 21 postnatal days. The study revealed ultrastructural features of autophagy and mitophagy in embryonic and neonatal germ cells, as well as in follicular development and atresia in the ovaries of prepubertal mice. This process was confirmed by the detection of Beclin-1 protein expression. Moreover, our findings indicate a heightened level of Beclin-1 immunodetection in the oocytes of preantral and antral atretic follicles, which was correlated with the progress of atresia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular and Sperm Morphology of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus (Siluriformes: Pangasiidae) Fed With Different Crude Protein Levels","authors":"Matheus Santos Costa,&nbsp;Phâmella Neres de Lima,&nbsp;Anderson Pires de Moraes,&nbsp;Fernanda Gomes de Paula,&nbsp;Manoel Francisco Biancardi,&nbsp;Thiago Lopes Rocha,&nbsp;Edson José Benetti,&nbsp;Karina Simões","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Panga (<i>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</i>) is a freshwater fish with increasing production and consumption worldwide. However, the knowledge concerning the nutrition, food management and reproduction in male fish is still scarce, especially regarding the interaction between different protein levels in commercial diets and the reproductive process during gonadal maturation. Thus, the current study aimed to characterise the gonadal and sperm morphology of male <i>P. hypophthalmus</i> fed with two crude protein (C.P.) levels (28% and 36%) in commercial feed. For this, for three months, 50 male specimens were distributed in two excavated tanksand fed with commercial feed with 28% and 36% C.P. The gonads were removed and evaluated by macroscopic, microscopic, histological assessment of the testicular parenchyma and ultrastructural analysis of sperm by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results showed that fish fed with 36% C.P. had greater testicular weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI) than those fed with 28% C.P. Both crude protein levels contributed to the gonadal maturation of the panga. Fish fed both diets showed similar gonadal and spermatic morphology. However, fish fed with 36% C.P. presented better reproductive performance in terms of total testicular mass gain and GSI parameters compared to fish fed with 28% C.P. Overall, nutritional management with different C.P. levels could contribute to the increase in the reproductive performance of <i>P. hypophthalmus</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meibography of the Upper Eyelids in Cats. Correlations With Age, Body Weight and Tear Parameters","authors":"Bruna Carvalho Silveira,&nbsp;Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro,&nbsp;Matheus Anthony Mendes,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela de Mendonça Mazetti","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Meibomian glands are responsible for the production and secretion of lipids into the precorneal tear film, which limits its evaporation. This study aimed to evaluate the percentage of Meibomian gland loss rate (MGLR) in the upper eyelid of cats of different ages assessed by infrared meibography. Additionally, possible correlations between MGLR and age, body weight and tear tests were assessed. Three groups were formed according to age: from 6 months to 2 years (Group A, <i>n</i> = 14), from 2 to 3 years (Group B, <i>n</i> = 15), and from 3 to 6 years (Group C, <i>n</i> = 13). Schirmer tear test (STT-1), tear film break-up time (TFBT) and MGLR were performed in 79 eyes of 42 cats (21 males and 21 females). STT-1 was higher in Group C, with statistical significance only when compared with Group B (<i>p</i> = 0.02). TFBT did not differ significantly among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.90). MGLR did not differ between males and females (<i>p</i> = 0.99). MGLR was 25.08% ± 4.16% in Group A, 28.27% ± 4.45% in Group B and 27.72% ± 3.80% in Group C (<i>p</i> = 0.10), and did not correlate with any of the evaluated parameters. This study demonstrated that MGLR is not influenced by sex and did not differ between young and adult cats. Additionally, this parameter did not correlate with age, body weight or tear parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Ligamentum Mucosum in the Feline and Canine Stifle","authors":"Nathan Thomas Ko,&nbsp;Elizabeth Moran Woodward","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In humans, the ligamentum mucosum (LM) is described as a ligamentous structure originating from the femoral intercondylar notch and inserting into the infrapatellar fat pad. Proposed clinical implications include knee stabilization, contribution to post-operative revascularization of adjacent structures, and causation of anterior knee pain if inflamed. Published reports of the LM are rare in dogs and, to our knowledge, none exist for cats. Because common veterinary gross anatomy texts omit the LM from their descriptive anatomy of the stifle, students sometimes mistake the LM for the cranial cruciate ligament. Therefore, a description of the LM in the feline and canine stifle would serve as an important veterinary anatomy learning resource. The aim of this project was to characterize the LM in the cat and dog. Stifles were dissected from 62 cat hindlimbs (<i>n</i> = 24 preserved, <i>n</i> = 38 fresh) and 47 dog hindlimbs (<i>n</i> = 9 preserved, <i>n</i> = 38 fresh). The presence or absence of the LM was determined and described. Representative samples were processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining. Grossly, the LM was found bilaterally in 95.2% of cats and in 83.0% of canine limbs, appearing as an elastic, friable band of white-to-pink tissue tethering the infrapatellar fat pad to the femoral intercondylar notch. Histological samples revealed collagen fibrils, vascular structures and neural tissue. These data provide evidence of the LM in the cat and dog, and bolster currently available anatomic educational resources. The presence of the LM in the canine and feline stifle merits further investigation into its function in health and disease states.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Variations of the Canine Glenoid Cavity and Adjacent Structures Stabilising the Shoulder Joint—An Explorative Study","authors":"Julia Radike,&nbsp;Sandra Seebacher,&nbsp;Kirsti Witter","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Passive stabilisers of the canine shoulder joint include the articular surfaces, glenoid labrum, joint capsule and glenohumeral ligaments, in functional entity with the biceps brachii tendon. Their anatomical description differs widely. This explorative study aimed to screen a heterogeneous group of dogs on variations of these structures. Twenty-three canine forelimbs were dissected. The glenoid cavity outlines, their circularity values, and the configuration of the glenoid labrum and ligaments were recorded, as well as their relationship to the biceps brachii tendon. The shape of the glenoid cavity differed between dogs and left/right limb (circularity 0.73–0.83). A protruding, fibrocartilaginous labrum was present caudolaterally in 45% of the limbs. The medial glenohumeral ligament occurred in all dogs, in three shape variants. The lateral ligament was present in few dogs. Between the joint socket and the ligaments or 15% of the biceps brachii tendons was a synovium-lined space. More frequently, the gap between tendon and joint socket was filled with loose connective tissue. There was no clear relation between size, body condition score and muscle mass of the dog and occurrence of variants of the analysed structures. The biomechanical implications of the individual variants still need to be studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights About Early Tongue Teeth Development in the Salmon Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Stéphane Louryan,&nbsp;Myriam Duterre,&nbsp;Nathalie Vanmuylder","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The salmon trout or rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a teleost fish are characterized by the presence of lingual teeth. The objective of this study is to investigate their development, particularly in relation to the expression of genes associated with mammalian odontogenesis. Sixty fry were reared in a freshwater aquarium at 7°C. Specimens at developmental stages ranging from D0 (hatching) to D35 were collected and subjected to histological (Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemical analysis, including the expression of proteins associated with the Pitx2, Shh, MSX1, Pax9, Bmp4 and β-catenin genes. The developmental patterns of the lingual teeth are similar to those of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. These are not giant papillae or pseudoteeth. The initiator gene <i>Pitx2</i> is expressed in the epithelium during early stages but subsequently diminishes. Bmp4, Shh and β-Cat exhibit a pattern similar to that of mammals, except for the absence of the enamel node. Surprisingly, however, we observe expression of Msx1 and Pax9 in the dental mesenchyme as well as in the epithelium, a phenomenon unknown in mammals. The second week marks an increase in the expression of these two proteins and of Shh, while Bmp4 does not appear in large quantities until 10 days. Incidentally, the mucous glands (cement glands) express Shh, Pitx2, Msx1, Pax9 and β-catenin. In conclusion, tongue teeth are ‘classical’ teeth; their gene expression patterns are similar to those in mammals, except that Msx1 and Pax9 are expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues in this species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of the Southern Giant Pouched Rat (Cricetomys ansorgei)","authors":"Benjamin W. Mfugale,&nbsp;Modesta Makungu","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The southern giant pouched rat (<i>Cricetomys ansorgei</i>) is a large rodent utilised in recognition of landmines, pulmonary tuberculosis and Brucella infection. Additionally, they are kept as pet animals. The aim of this study was to describe the radiological anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb and to provide measurements of the hind limb bones in southern giant pouched rats. Radiological examinations were performed in 10 live and five dead adult southern giant pouched rats. The pelvis had a relatively short pelvic symphysis and the ischial tuberosities were less prominent. The obturator foramina and cranial opening of the pelvis had a pear-shape. The proximal extremity of the femur had well-developed major, minor and third trochanters, with the major trochanter extending higher than the femoral head. All rats had medial and lateral fabellae. Ossicles of the menisci were visualised. The mineralised popliteal sesamoid bone was not seen. Tibia and fibula were fused in the distal third of the crus. Seven tarsal bones were seen and the tarsal sesamoid bone was present in all rats. Five slender metatarsal bones and digits were present. The os penis was seen in all male rats. The tibia was the longest bone of the hind limb. This study has provided the radiological anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb of the southern giant pouched rat. Information from this study will be beneficial to anatomists, clinicians and students in more understanding of the functional anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb of southern giant pouched rats.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and Histological Characterization of the Intestine of Artibeus lituratus","authors":"Mário de Oliveira Magalhães,&nbsp;Jhonatan Henrique Lima da Rocha,&nbsp;Rair de Sousa Verde,&nbsp;Mateus de Oliveira Aquino,&nbsp;Janaira Mattos Amorim,&nbsp;Tamyres Izarelly Barbosa da Silva,&nbsp;Francisco Glauco de Araújo Santos","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The order Chiroptera is highly diverse and is the second richest among mammals. Approximately 181 species are known in Brazil, with varied feeding habits that make them essential for ecological functions such as seed dispersal and plant regeneration. Despite the importance of their ecosystem services, the anatomical and histological aspects of the digestive system of these animals are still little explored. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical and histomorphological aspects of the intestines of <i>A. lituratus</i>. Six individuals were captured in peri-urban areas of Rio Branco, Acre. After euthanasia, the intestines were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for macroscopic and histological analysis using Haematoxylin–Eosin staining. Macroscopically, it was not possible to accurately distinguish the small and large intestine portions. Microscopically, all the typical intestinal layers were present, with cells, glands and structures compatible with a frugivorous diet. The findings contribute to the knowledge of the species' digestive morphology and provide subsidies for future investigations into physiological adaptations related to its diet and ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effect of Galangin on Histopathological Lesions, Immunohistochemical Findings and Spermatological Parameters in Phthalate-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats","authors":"Büşra Güngör,&nbsp;İbrahim Halil Güngör,&nbsp;Sema Timurkaan,&nbsp;Hatice Eröksüz,&nbsp;Aylin Bilen Çoban,&nbsp;Emre Kaya,&nbsp;Yağmur Gençer,&nbsp;Ebru Çelik,&nbsp;İrem Üstün,&nbsp;Berrin Tarakçı Gençer","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the main causes of the increasing male infertility today is di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in plastic production. To investigate testicular damage caused by DEHP and the effect of galangin, used for the first time in this treatment, the protective effect of different doses of galangin on testicular damage induced by administering DEHP for 14 days to 54 Sprague Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks was examined. For this purpose, experimental groups were designed as follows: (Control: no treatment applied, Solvent: 5 mL/kg/day corn oil applied, Phthalate (PHT): 2 g/kg DEHP applied, Galangin GL-5, GL-10 and GL-15: galangin applied at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, PHT + GL-5, PHT + GL-10 and PHT + GL-15: galangin applied at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, 1 h after 2 g/kg DEHP dissolved in 5 mL/kg corn oil). After the experimental process was completed, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on tissue samples taken from decapitated rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) analyses were performed on tissue and serum samples, and spermatological analyses were also conducted. In the PHT group, changes in light microscopic findings in the testes (degeneration in seminiferous tubules, interstitial oedema, interstitial vascular hyperaemia) and a decrease in Johnsen scoring, seminiferous tubule diameters and epithelial thickness were observed. It was determined that galangin administration, with increasing doses, led to significant improvements in histopathological parameters. When the immunoreactivity of Hydroxy-Delta-5-Steroid Dehydrogenase, 3 Beta- and Steroid Delta-Isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), and the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9) was examined in testicular tissues, a decrease was observed in the PHT groups and an increase in the GL groups. In the PHT group, plasma and testicular tissue MDA levels were higher compared to the control and other groups, while GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, SOD and GST levels were lower. In the GL groups, the opposite effect was observed in these parameters compared to the PHT group. In spermatological analyses, it was observed that the negative effects in some parameters (gonado-somatic index [GSI], density, total motility, acrosomal damage rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, morphological values) observed in the PHT groups decreased and disappeared in a dose-dependent manner in the galangin-treated groups. This study confirmed that galangin improved testicular damage caused by DEHP exposure, providing strong evidence for the use of galangin in the treatment of DEHP-related infertility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographical Relationship Between the Plexus Pelvinus and Pelvic Peritoneal Reflections in Male Beagles","authors":"Motoharu Oishi,&nbsp;Hirohumi Kasai,&nbsp;Tokuhiro Eguchi,&nbsp;Nobutsune Ichihara","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to clarify the anatomical location of the <i>plexus pelvinus</i> in male Beagles and to determine whether the caudal end of the pelvic peritoneal reflection can offer a practical landmark for identifying this plexus. Gross anatomical examination of the pelvic cavity was performed in three male Beagle cadavers by sequential dissection from a lateral approach. The <i>fossa pararectalis</i>, <i>excavatio rectogenitalis</i>, <i>excavatio vesicogenitalis</i>, and <i>excavatio pubovesicalis</i> were identified by direct examination of the pelvic peritoneum and its reflections, and spatial relationships to the <i>N. hypogastricus</i>, <i>N. pelvinus</i>, <i>plexus pelvinus</i>, and rectal branches were assessed. The morphology of the pelvic peritoneum was similar in all specimens, and all four recesses were consistently identified. The <i>plexus pelvinus</i> was formed by convergence of the <i>N. hypogastricus</i> and <i>N. pelvinus</i> and was located beneath the parietal peritoneum facing the <i>excavatio rectogenitalis</i> and <i>fossa pararectalis</i> at the level of the <i>prostata</i>. The cranial end was at the level of the <i>ampulla ductus deferentis</i> and the caudal end was at the caudal end of the <i>prostata</i>. Rectal branches coursed caudally beneath the parietal peritoneum along <i>the excavatio rectogenitalis</i> and entered the <i>rectum</i> from the ventral aspect. These findings indicate that, in male Beagles, the <i>excavatio rectogenitalis</i> and <i>prostata</i> represent practical anatomical landmarks for identifying the <i>plexus pelvinus</i> and provide a clearer anatomical basis for topographical interpretation of the male canine pelvis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}