Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal (Second Trimester and Third Trimester) and Postnatal (Third and Fourth Week After Birth) Developmental Radiological Investigation of Sheep Skulls","authors":"Barış Can Güzel,&nbsp;Fatma Işbilir","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The skull is a complex, vital structure made up of many bones. It has been observed that studies on skulls help to determine species and sex. In recent years, craniometric studies have been frequently used to determine morphometric features in animals. In our study, 150 skulls were studied, 50 from the second trimester (25 males and 25 females), 50 from the third trimester (25 males and 25 females), and 50 from the third and fourth week after birth (25 males and 25 females). The skulls were sectioned by computerised tomography and stored in DICOM format. From the images, nine different measurements and five index calculations were made. The similarities and differences between species were determined by ignoring sex differences. Correlation analyses were performed to compare measurement parameters between animal species. In addition, the results of statistical analyses between sexes were evaluated without species distinction. SL, CW and ICI parameters were highly statistically significant between measurements in the second trimester, third trimester and postnatal group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In the third trimester, the EHC measurement parameter was found to be highly significant between males and female (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In Table 5, the CL parameter was positively correlated with CW, IHC, EHC, ILC, ELC, FMW and FMH. There are very few studies on foetal development. It is predicted that the data obtained can be used in zoo-archaeology, anatomy, surgery and forensic medicine. In addition, radiographic determination of craniometric features will help in the treatment and prognosis of diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Foraminal Indices of the Rat Scapula","authors":"Firuze Turker Yavas,&nbsp;Umut Coskun","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The nutritive arteries of bones may be injured due to fracture or surgical procedures. Therefore, there are some studies focused on the location of the nutrient foramen (NF) of bones. Rats are the most preferred animals in experimental studies. The purpose of this study is to expose the locational variations of the NF on the rat (<i>Sprague Dawley</i>) scapula. A total of 60 adult rat scapulae (from 16 male and 14 female rats) were used. The diameters of NFs were measured. The length, width, and distances of the NF to the proximal and cranial edges were measured. Foraminal indices were also calculated. It was determined that the average number of NF per scapula was 1.8. The location of the NFs was 52% on the medial aspect and 48% on the lateral aspect. On the medial aspect of the scapula, NFs were frequently found ventrally, on the neck region of the scapula. Laterally, 40 NFs were found in the ventral region of the infraspinatus fossa and only 12 in the ventral region of the supraspinatus fossa. Longitudinal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 74.25–79.18 (lateral) and 71.70–75.97 (medial). Transversal foraminal index 95% confidence intervals were 40.98–45.02 (lateral) and 42.91–46.07 (medial). Diameter of the NF 95% confidence interval was 0.21–0.39 mm. The locational knowledge of the NF can be utilized in anatomical or experimental surgery studies. The cranial and proximal edges of the rat scapula may be palpable; surgeons may palpate these regions and easily evaluate the location of the NFs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ultrastructure of peroxisomes in the kidney of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"Lemiaa Eissa,&nbsp;Mortada M. O. Elhassan,&nbsp;Haider I. Ismail,&nbsp;Hassan A. Ali","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dromedary camels can survive and reproduce in desert areas. The unique anatomical structure of the kidney enables the camel to prevent water loss. The present study aimed to investigate the ultrastructure of the peroxisomes in the normal kidney of the adult dromedary camel. Tissue samples were taken from the cortex and outer medulla of the kidney of eight camels. The samples were then processed for histological and ultrastructural investigations. The epithelial cells of the proximal tubules displayed peroxisomes with varying sizes and shapes. The peroxisomes were observed in either dispersed or clustered arrangement. Each peroxisome exhibited a homogenous matrix enveloped by a single membrane. Several peroxisomes exhibited one or more dark marginal plates that were always strongly associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The intensity of the peroxisomal matrix differed significantly, either within the same cell or across different cells. The intensity was light or dark, with a few peroxisomes presenting a similar intensity to that of the mitochondria. Some peroxisomes contained nucleoids within their matrix. The peroxisomes in the first and second sections of proximal convoluted tubules were scattered and primarily located in the region between the microvilli and the underlying mitochondria. The peroxisomes in the third region were abundant and frequently aggregated in clusters throughout the cytoplasm. In the fourth region, the number of peroxisomes was low. The proximal straight tubule had a limited quantity of peroxisomes. In conclusion, peroxisomes in the proximal tubule in kidney of normal dromedary camel were similar in shape and size to other mammals; however, heterogeneity exists as a result of differences in species-specific peroxisomal proteins. Peroxisomes are suggested to be a major source of metabolic energy and act as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavengers, resulting in the release of water and oxygen.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Comparative study of the ciliary body and iris morphology in the anterior eye chamber of five different vertebrate classes","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RETRACTION: A.A. Seleem, and A.H. Badr, ‘Comparative Study of The Ciliary Body and Iris Morphology In The Anterior Eye Chamber of Five Different Vertebrate Classes’, <i>Anatomia Histologia Embryologia</i> 53, no. 3 (2024): e13052, https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13052.</p><p>The above article, published online on 12 May 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Fred Sinowatz; and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed after an investigation found that this article was the resubmitted version of a manuscript which had been rejected a month previously, primarily due to concerns about compliance with animal ethical best practices concerning killing. Upon submission of the second manuscript, there was no clearly identifiable indication that it was a resubmission, as required by the journal during the submission process. Without knowledge that the new manuscript was the resubmission of a rejected manuscript, the new handling editors could not benefit from the peer review history. Because of this, they did not appreciate the necessity to confirm whether the ethical concerns raised in the rejected version had been addressed in the resubmitted version. Had the handling editors seen the peer review history, they would have rejected the second manuscript prior to peer review. Additionally, the second manuscript had been edited to omit mention of the unethical practice and investigators were therefore unable to verify which methods were used in the published study, nor could they evaluate them against the accepted ethical practices for handling animals. The authors responded to our inquiry but could not provide either adequate raw data or explanations for our concerns. Therefore, the article must be retracted. The authors have been informed of the retraction and Dr. Seleem, on behalf of both authors, disagrees with this decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.13102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of metamizole sodium","authors":"Selvinaz Öztürk,&nbsp;Mustafa Orhun Dayan","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13101","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drug use during pregnancy is an important issue that must be investigated due to its adverse effects on maternal and foetal health. This study aimed to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of in-ovo administered metamizole (dipyrone), which can be used when needed during pregnancy and has potent analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and long bone (tibia and femur) effects. This study used 240 fertile eggs from Atak S breed chickens, divided into eight equal groups: control, vehicle control, and 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg metamizole. The eggs were hatched on the 21st day of incubation, and the chicks' body weights and mortality rates were determined. The right and left femur and tibia bones were resected from the chicks. Anatomical reference points were determined after removing the soft tissues of the bones, and necessary morphometric measures were taken from these points with a 0.01 mm precision using digital callipers. The 100% lethal dose (LD₁₀₀) was identified in the highest examined dose (500 mg/kg) in the Chicken Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST)-I stage. The CHEST-II stage determined the 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀). High-dose metamizole affected skeletal development, significantly decreasing tibia and femur lengths and corpus thicknesses and increasing mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of gastrointestinal tract size in three parent breeds for the production of dual-purpose organic chickens","authors":"N. Neuhaus,&nbsp;M. Lierz,&nbsp;F. Möller Palau-Ribes","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An alternative to culling male hatchlings of layers is breeding dual-purpose chickens. One breeding objective is the ability to digest low-quality feed. Certain measurements of the gastrointestinal tract may be useful indicators of this ability. The present study compared the gastrointestinal tract of adult hens of two layer-type breeds (White Rock (WR), New Hampshire (NH)) and the meat-type ÖTZ (Ökologische Tierzucht gGmbH) Bresse Gauloise (BR), used for the production of dual-purpose organic chickens. Flocks had the same housing and feeding conditions. At slaughter at 19 months, the body weight and gastrointestinal organs of 134 hens (51 WR, 55 NH and 28 BR) were measured. The muscle thickness of the proventriculus and ventriculus and the length and width of the duodenum, jejunoileum, caeca and colorectum were measured and variances between the groups were analysed using a one-factor covariance analysis. Significant differences between the breeds were found in total intestine length and the lengths and/or widths of single gastrointestinal segments. For example NH showed the highest mean total intestinal length and BR showed the lowest mean (NH: 186.73 cm, WR 185.86 cm, BR 157.91 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the gastrointestinal tract size of adult female layer- and meat-type chicken breeds kept under the same feeding and housing conditions. Given the possible relationship between intestinal length parameters and chicken performance, measurement of the gastrointestinal tract may be a simple, quick and inexpensive additional method to help select layer-, meat-type and dual-purpose chickens suitable for organic production when a selection process using genetic markers is not possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.13098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve entry points in the mimic musculature of the horse head","authors":"C. F. Wolschrijn,&nbsp;I. H. Smit,&nbsp;J. Schouten,&nbsp;N. C. R. Moller te","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13099","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial expressions are important in pain recognition in horses, but current observation-based pain scales remain subjective. A promising technique to quantitatively measure subtle changes in expression patterns, including changes invisible to the human eye, is surface electromyography (sEMG). To achieve high-quality and reliable sEMG signals, unilateral placement of bipolar electrodes is required in relation to the motor endplates (MEP). We aimed to localize the nerve entry points (NEPs; where the nerve branch first pierced the muscle belly) and the direction of the terminal nerve endings to estimate MEP locations of the innervating nerves in five equine facial muscles involved in pain expression. Three cadaveric Dutch Warmblood horse heads were dissected to identify the NEPs in the musculi caninus, levator anguli oculi medialis, nasolabialis, masseter and zygomaticus. These points were marked with pins and measured in relation to a reference line between two anatomical landmarks near the origin and insertion of the respective muscle. Relative distances were calculated from the most caudally situated landmark. NEPs were located at 33%–38% (caninus), 69%–86% (levator anguli oculi medialis) and 0%–18% (zygomaticus) from the caudal landmark. The nasolabialis showed two innervations zones. Its NEPs were located at 47%–72% (dorsal muscle branch) and 52%–91% (ventral branch). All terminal nerve endings were found to run in rostral direction. The masseter showed numerous NEPs diffusely spread within the muscle belly. Therefore, calculation of relative positions was not performed. These results could form the basis for feasibility studies and standardization of bipolar electrode positioning in vivo to measure facial muscle activity patterns in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ahe.13099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological description of the temporomandibular joint ligaments in domestic pigs","authors":"Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães,&nbsp;Mônica Duarte da Silva,&nbsp;Abelardo Moreira dos Santos Penna Neto,&nbsp;Arthur Nunes Moreira Penna,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Barto,&nbsp;Maria Angelica Miglino,&nbsp;Karen Renata Nakamura Hiraki,&nbsp;Lucas de Assis Ribeiro","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ligaments play crucial roles in its function or dysfunction. The objective of this study was to describe the macro and microscopic morphology of these ligaments in domestic pigs, aiming to: (1) expand knowledge about the species; (2) provide anatomical references for advancing veterinary therapy and utilizing pigs as animal models in craniofacial research. Heads of young <i>Sus scrofa domesticus</i> were dissected to identify TMJ ligaments. Fragments of these ligaments were collected and processed for subsequent histological analysis with Haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results were qualitatively described. Pigs exhibited a TMJ reinforced by three individualized capsular ligaments: a lateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the lateral margin of the mandibular neck; a caudomedial ligament, attaching to the retroarticular process of the squamous part of the temporal bone and the caudomedial margin of the mandibular neck and a caudolateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the base of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the caudal margin of the mandibular neck. The lateral ligament exhibited a greater constitution of dense irregular connective tissue, while the caudomedial and caudolateral ligaments showed a greater constitution of dense regular connective tissue. It is concluded that the TMJ of pigs presents one more ligament than horses, cattle, dogs, cats and what has been described for pigs themselves. We believe these results may contribute to the improvement of veterinary clinical and surgical therapy overall, as well as provide essential morphological information for a better interpretation and application of interspecies results in craniofacial research using pigs as an experimental model, as in the case of humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FSH induces apoptosis in follicular granulosa cells of Tianzhu white yak and regulates the expression of Fas/FasL mRNA","authors":"Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Guyue Li,&nbsp;Sijiu Yu,&nbsp;Yangyang Pan,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Fan,&nbsp;Yan Cui","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Tianzhu white yak, a globally rare species, holds immense value as a source for yak materials. While the Fas/FasL pathway is pivotal in granulosa cells apoptosis, its precise molecular workings remain enigmatic. This study endeavours to decipher the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in suppressing ovarian granulosa cells (GC) apoptosis in the Tianzhu white yak. Utilizing advanced cell culture techniques, we employed the MTT method, flow cytometry, fluorescence labelling and RT-PCR to investigate the apoptotic effects of FSH on yak GCs. Our results reveal that FSH's inhibitory effect on GC apoptosis follows a normal distribution pattern, peaking at an FSH concentration of 100 ng/mL with an apoptosis inhibition rate of 89.31%. When serum was withdrawn, an FSH concentration of 2 × 10⁶ ng/mL reduced apoptosis by 72.84%. Annexin V-FITC staining revealed membrane invaginations, bubble and protrusion formation on the cell surface, and alterations in membrane structure and cell morphology. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that FSH administration prior to early granulosa cell apoptosis had a more profound effect than during gradual apoptosis, both showing a suppressive effect on early follicular granulosa cell apoptosis. A transcription-level analysis conducted 3 h prior to serum withdrawal, with the addition of 100 ng/mL FSH, revealed intricate regulations in the expression of Fas/FasL. Notably, we observed a gradual increase in FasL expression over time, yet the presence of FSH effectively down-regulated FasL expression to baseline levels, without notable changes in Fas expression. Immunocytochemical analysis further confirmed the presence of both Fas and FasL on the cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm, with varying intensities depending on the duration of FSH treatment. Our findings suggest that FSH may suppress the apoptotic pathway in follicular primarily by down-regulating FasL expression, indicating that Fas-regulated mitochondrial pathways play a more prominent role compared to death receptor pathways. This study offers a fresh perspective on the mechanism underlying follicular atresia in Tianzhu white yaks and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the expansion of this endangered species' population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric morphometric analysis of beak shape of Columbimorphae (Columbas, Van, Mardin and Dönek)","authors":"Ermiş Özkan,&nbsp;Ebuderda Günay,&nbsp;Emine İrem Deveci,&nbsp;Nicoleta Manuta,&nbsp;Buket Çakar","doi":"10.1111/ahe.13094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.13094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective breeding over centuries has led to the emergence of numerous pigeon breeds from the single species <i>Columba livia</i>, showcasing unparalleled phenotypic diversity. In Eastern Turkey, Van pigeons originate, while Tumbler pigeon varieties thrive countrywide, reflecting local traditions. The avian beak, vital for survival, offers insights into domestication and traits influenced by natural selection. Geometric morphometrics, a shape analysis method, allows for a comprehensive examination of beak shapes among domestic pigeons, providing a nuanced understanding of their complexity. Understanding beak diversity in pigeons, especially those found in Turkey, enhances our knowledge of avian evolution and adaptation processes. The study utilized 48 skulls from 4 pigeon breeds, including wild rock pigeons and domestic pigeons of Tumbler, Mardin and Van breeds, all free from pathological lesions and adults. Geometric morphometric analyses of beak shape were conducted using dorsal and lateral photographs, with landmarks placed using tpsDig software. MorphoJ software facilitated procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess morphological variability and differentiate pigeon breeds based on shape patterns, with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. PCA revealed significant shape variations among pigeon breeds, with 47 principal components identified for lateral beak views and 36 principal components for dorsal views. Canonical variates analysis further distinguished morphological patterns among breeds, indicating distinct shape variations in both dorsal and lateral views, elucidating the unique characteristics of each breed's beak morphology. Our results demonstrate statistically significant differences in pigeon beak shape, particularly in the lateral view, confirming the importance of these variations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and suggesting that such differences occur less than 5% of the time under the null hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49290,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}