Neuroethics最新文献_第7页

Review of Walter Glannon’s The Neuroethics of Memory: From Total Recall to Oblivion, Cambridge University Press, 2019 沃尔特·格兰农《记忆的神经伦理学：从全面回忆到遗忘》，剑桥大学出版社，2019

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09495-x

E. Racine

引用次数: 0

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: Why Earlier Use Makes Shared Decision Making Important 帕金森病的脑深部刺激：为什么早期使用使共同决策变得重要

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09496-w

Jaime Montemayor, H. Sarva, Karen Kelly-Blake, L. Cabrera

引用次数: 1

The Illusion of Agency in Human–Computer Interaction 人机交互中的代理幻觉

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09491-1

Michael Madary

{"title":"The Illusion of Agency in Human–Computer Interaction","authors":"Michael Madary","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09491-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09491-1","url":null,"abstract":"This article makes the case that our digital devices create illusions of agency. There are times when users feel as if they are in control when in fact they are merely responding to stimuli on the screen in predictable ways. After the introduction, the second section of the article offers examples of illusions of agency that do not involve human–computer interaction in order to show that such illusions are possible and not terribly uncommon. The third and fourth sections of the article cover relevant work from empirical psychology, including the cues that are known to generate the sense of agency. The fifth section of the article shows that our devices are designed to deliver precisely those cues. In the sixth section, the argument is completed with evidence that users frequently use their smartphones without the sort of intentional supervision involved in genuine agency. This sixth section includes the introduction of Digital Environmental Dependency Syndrome (DEDS) as a possible way of characterizing extended use of the smartphone without genuine agency. In the final section of the article, there is a discussion of questions raised by the main claim, including suggestions for reducing occurrences of illusions of agency through software design.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Moral Neuroenhancement for Prisoners of War 战俘的道德神经增强

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09482-2

Blake Hereth

引用次数: 1

The Case of Hannah Capes: How Much Does Consciousness Matter? 汉娜·卡普斯案:意识有多重要?

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09480-4

Lois Shepherd, C. William Pike, Jesse B. Persily, Mary Faith Marshall

{"title":"The Case of Hannah Capes: How Much Does Consciousness Matter?","authors":"Lois Shepherd, C. William Pike, Jesse B. Persily, Mary Faith Marshall","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09480-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09480-4","url":null,"abstract":"A recent legal case involving an ambiguous diagnosis in a woman with a severe disorder of consciousness raises pressing questions about treatment withdrawal in a time when much of what experts know about disorders of consciousness is undergoing revision and refinement. How much should diagnostic certainty about consciousness matter? For the judge who refused to allow withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration, it was dispositive. Rather than relying on substituted judgment or best interests to determine treatment decisions, he ruled that withdrawal was categorically prohibited, even as he concluded that Hannah Capes was more likely than not in a permanent vegetative state. In many jurisdictions, his decision would likely be consistent with existing law. Evolving technological advances have demonstrated that biologically distinct diagnoses incorporated into state laws may be difficult to establish even under ideal conditions. We offer the Capes case for purposes of examining the consequences of enshrined legal distinctions between permanent vegetative state and other severe disorders of consciousness. Insistence on proof of the permanent absence of consciousness before treatment withdrawal is allowed fails to respect the rights of persons with disorders of consciousness. Even the well-established rights to treatment withdrawal for those in a permanent vegetative state may be in jeopardy if reform is not undertaken.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Different Kinds of Minds Need Different Kinds of Services? Qualitative Results from a Mixed-Method Survey of Service Preferences of Autistic Adults and Parents 不同的人需要不同的服务吗?孤独症成人和父母服务偏好的混合方法调查的定性结果

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09487-x

M. Ariel Cascio, Eric Racine

{"title":"Do Different Kinds of Minds Need Different Kinds of Services? Qualitative Results from a Mixed-Method Survey of Service Preferences of Autistic Adults and Parents","authors":"M. Ariel Cascio, Eric Racine","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09487-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09487-x","url":null,"abstract":"Many services can assist autistic people, such as early intervention, vocational services, or support groups. Scholars and activists debate whether such services should be autism-specific or more general/inclusive/mainstream. This debate rests on not only clinical reasoning, but also ethical and social reasoning about values and practicalities of diversity and inclusion. This paper presents qualitative results from a mixed-methods study. An online survey asked autistic adults and parents of autistic people of any age in Canada, the United States, Italy, France, and Germany what types of services they prefer (autism-specific, mixed-disability, or general/inclusive/mainstream). This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of different service types, identified through inductive thematic coding and organized into higher-level themes focusing on clinical, structural, societal, interpersonal, and personal aspects of services. Autism-specific services were praised for addressing autism needs, helping clinically, and providing interpersonal benefits of others understanding autism; general services were praised for inclusion, helping clinically, community obligations and awareness, and social skills development. Looking at the interaction of these different aspects in respondent narratives nuances debates about autism-specificity, with a complex interplay between clinical, interpersonal, and societal aspects. Clinical and social perspectives are not necessarily separate and opposed, but intertwined based on different understandings of inclusion. Compared to parents, adults focused more on harm/safety issues, enjoyment, and stereotyping among other themes, attending to personal themes. These findings do not identify one best service type, but suggest that determining the right service in a given context may be informed by definitions of and goals about inclusion.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Neuroenhancements in the Military: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study on Attitudes of Staff Officers to Ethics and Rules 军事中的神经增强:参谋人员对道德和规则态度的混合方法试点研究

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09490-2

Sebastian Sattler, Edward Jacobs, Ilina Singh, David Whetham, Imre Bárd, Jonathan Moreno, Gian Galeazzi, Agnes Allansdottir

{"title":"Neuroenhancements in the Military: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study on Attitudes of Staff Officers to Ethics and Rules","authors":"Sebastian Sattler, Edward Jacobs, Ilina Singh, David Whetham, Imre Bárd, Jonathan Moreno, Gian Galeazzi, Agnes Allansdottir","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09490-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09490-2","url":null,"abstract":"Utilising science and technology to maximize human performance is often an essential feature of military activity. This can often be focused on mission success rather than just the welfare of the individuals involved. This tension has the potential to threaten the autonomy of soldiers and military physicians around the taking or administering of enhancement neurotechnologies (e.g., pills, neural implants, and neuroprostheses). The Hybrid Framework was proposed by academic researchers working in the U.S. context and comprises “rules” for military neuroenhancement (e.g., ensuring transparency and maintaining dignity of the warfighter). Integrating traditional bioethical perspectives with the unique requirements of the military environment, it has been referenced by military/government agencies tasked with writing official ethical frameworks. Our two-part investigation explored the ethical dimensions of military neuroenhancements with military officers – those most likely to be making decisions in this area in the future. In three workshops, structured around the Hybrid Framework, we explored what they thought about the ethical issues of enhancement neurotechnologies. From these findings, we conducted a survey (N = 332) to probe the extent of rule endorsement. Results show high levels of endorsement for a warfighter’s decision-making autonomy, but lower support for the view that enhanced warfighters would pose a danger to society after service. By examining the endorsement of concrete decision-making guidelines, we provide an overview of how military officers might, in practice, resolve tensions between competing values or higher-level principles. Our results suggest that the military context demands a recontextualisation of the relationship between military and civilian ethics.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Correction to: Human Brain Organoids and Consciousness 更正：人脑类器官与意识

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09493-z

T. Niikawa, Yoshiyuki Hayashi, J. Shepherd, Tsutomu Sawai

引用次数: 1

Memory Modification and Authenticity: A Narrative Approach 记忆修饰与真实性：一种叙事方法

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09489-9

Muriel Leuenberger

引用次数: 7

Unlocking the Voices of Patients with Severe Brain Injury 解开严重脑损伤患者的声音

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09492-0

Andrew Peterson, Kevin Mintz, Adrian M. Owen

{"title":"Unlocking the Voices of Patients with Severe Brain Injury","authors":"Andrew Peterson, Kevin Mintz, Adrian M. Owen","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09492-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09492-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically examines whether patients with severe brain injury, who can only communicate through assistive neuroimaging technologies, may permissibly participate in medical decisions. We examine this issue in the context of a unique case study from the Brain and Mind Institute at the University of Western Ontario. First, we describe how the standard approach to medical decision making might problematically exclude patients with communication impairments secondary to severe brain injury. Second, we present a modified approach to medical decision making. We argue that this approach might warrant the inclusion of some patients with severe brain injury in low-stakes decisions, or to express preferences. Third, we present a model of supported decision making to address recalcitrant uncertainty. We conclude by suggesting that the modified approach to decision making and supported decision making might allow a patient with severe brain injury to participate in some medical decisions. Our analysis is provisional and has not yet been implemented in practice. Our discussion is intended to generate further debate on approaches to enhancing autonomy in patients with profound motor and cognitive impairments.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4