IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09571-4

Nathan Emmerich

{"title":"Responding to existential distress at the end of life: Psychedelics and psychedelic experiences and/ as medicine","authors":"Nathan Emmerich","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09571-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09571-4","url":null,"abstract":"This essay engages with the (re)emergence of psychedelic medicine and the idea of psychedelics drugs and the experiences they induce as a developing therapeutic modality. It does so in the context of the provision of psychedelics to terminally ill patients experiencing existential distress as they approach the end of their lives. Reflecting on such suggestions facilitates an examination of a specific aspect of psychedelics and/ as medicine (or palliative care), namely questions of meaning and meaninglessness. Understood as impacting one’s ability to make or realise meaning in life, existential distress commonly entails a degree of demoralisation. In some cases, individuals can be thought of as inhabiting (and being inhabited by) a sense of meaninglessness. In contrast, the experiences psychedelics seem to induce are often imbued with a great deal of meaning, a sense of which seems to continue long after the psychoactive effects of such drugs have ceased. Whilst briefly considering whether or not meaning can properly be thought of as a matter for healthcare or a medical concern, this paper seeks to highlight some of the implications that the advent of psychedelic medicine might have. By way of a conclusion, I enjoin bioethics in recognising itself as a meaningful cultural discourse that is implicated in the future(s) of medicine, psychedelics and being human.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Brain Stimulation for Consciousness Disorders; Technical and Ethical Considerations 深部脑刺激治疗意识障碍；技术和伦理考虑因素

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09570-5

Alceste Deli, Alexander L. Green

{"title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for Consciousness Disorders; Technical and Ethical Considerations","authors":"Alceste Deli, Alexander L. Green","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09570-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09570-5","url":null,"abstract":"Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) result in profound functional impairment, adversely affecting the lives of a predominantly younger patient population. Currently, effective treatment options for those who have reached chronicity (prolonged symptom duration over 4 weeks) are extremely limited, with the majority of such cases facing life-long dependence on carers and a poor quality of life. Here we briefly review the current evidence on caseload, diagnostic and management options in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU). We identify key differences as well as similarities in these approaches across respective healthcare systems, highlighting unmet needs in this population. We subsequently present past efforts and the most recent advances in the field of surgical modulation of consciousness through implantable neurostimulation systems. We examine the ethical dilemmas that such a treatment approach may pose, proposing mediating solutions and methodological adjustments to address these concerns. Overall, we argue that there is a strong case for the utilisation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the DoC patient cohort. This is based on both promising results of recent clinical trials as well as technological developments. We propose a revitalization of surgical neuromodulation for DoC with a multicenter, multidisciplinary approach and strict monitoring guidelines, in order to not only advance treatment options but also ensure the safeguarding of patients’ welfare and dignity.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurorights, Mental Privacy, and Mind Reading 神经权利、精神隐私和读心术

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09568-z

Cohen Marcus Lionel Brown

引用次数: 0

A Transformative Trip? Experiences of Psychedelic Use 转变之旅？使用迷幻剂的体验

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09567-0

Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Caroline Beit, Jill Robinson, Kai Blevins, Joel Reynolds, Nicholas G. Evans, Amy L. McGuire

{"title":"A Transformative Trip? Experiences of Psychedelic Use","authors":"Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Caroline Beit, Jill Robinson, Kai Blevins, Joel Reynolds, Nicholas G. Evans, Amy L. McGuire","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09567-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09567-0","url":null,"abstract":"Psychedelic experiences are often compared to “transformative experiences” due to their potential to change how people think and behave. This study empirically examines whether psychedelic experiences constitute transformative experiences. Given psychedelics’ prospective applications as treatments for mental health disorders, this study also explores neuroethical issues raised by the possibility of biomedically directed transformation—namely, consent and moral psychopharmacology. To achieve these aims, we used both inductive and deductive coding techniques to analyze transcripts from interviews with 26 participants in psychedelic retreats. Results indicate that psychedelic experiences can constitute transformative experiences. Twenty participants reported experiences or insights that were seemingly inaccessible or impossible to attain if not for the psychoactive effects of psychedelics. All participants besides one reported some change in identity, values, beliefs, desires, and behavior—changes in behavior being the most common. Participants also reported feeling capable deciding to use psychedelics in part due to information seeking prior to their retreats. Finally, several participants reported an enhanced capacity for enacting changes in their lives. Our results underscore both the importance of subjective embodiment to transformation and the role of transformative agency in shaping outcomes of the psychedelic experience. We examine our results relative to neuroethical issues and advocate for centering the person in psychedelic research and neuroethical inquiry about psychedelics to avoid pitfalls associated with psychedelics’ potential as moral psychopharmacological agents.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Reliability Challenge to Moral Intuitions 可靠性对道德直觉的挑战

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09566-1

Dario Cecchini

引用次数: 0

Neurotechnological Applications and the Protection of Mental Privacy: An Assessment of Risks 神经技术应用与精神隐私保护：风险评估

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09565-2

Pablo López-Silva, Abel Wajnerman-Paz, Fruzsina Molnar-Gabor

{"title":"Neurotechnological Applications and the Protection of Mental Privacy: An Assessment of Risks","authors":"Pablo López-Silva, Abel Wajnerman-Paz, Fruzsina Molnar-Gabor","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09565-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09565-2","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of mental privacy can be defined as the principle that subjects should have control over the access to their own neural data and to the information about the mental processes and states that can be obtained by analyzing it. Our aim is to contribute to the current debate on mental privacy by identifying the main positions, articulating key assumptions and addressing central arguments. First, we map the different positions found in current literature. We distinguish between those who dismiss concerns about mental privacy and those who endorse them. In this latter group, we establish a further disagreement between conservative and liberal strategies to protect mental privacy. Then, we address the first discussion by articulating and criticizing different skeptical views on mental privacy. Finally, we try to identify what are the unique features of neural data and examine how they may be connected to the ways in which neurotechnological mindreading could put mental privacy at risk. We suggest that even if neural data is unique, it may not require new strategies to protect people from its misuse. However, identifying the special features and risks of neurotechnological mind-reading is necessary for the second discussion on mental privacy to properly take off.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Do People Have an Obligation Not to Tic? Blame, Free Will, and Moral Character Judgments of People with Tourette’s Syndrome 人们何时有义务不抽搐？图雷特综合症患者的自责、自由意志和道德品格判断

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09560-7

Joseph Masotti, Paul Conway

引用次数: 0

Literary Neuroexistentialism: Coming to Terms with Materialism and Finding Meaning in the Age of Neuroscience through Literature 文学神经存在主义：通过文学与唯物主义达成共识并在神经科学时代寻找意义

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09561-6

Mette Leonard Høeg

引用次数: 0

The Ethical Implications of Illusionism 幻觉的伦理意义