Neuroethics最新文献_第2页

Stream of Consciousness: Some Propositions and Reflections 意识流：一些命题和思考

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09555-4

Nicholas Royle

{"title":"Stream of Consciousness: Some Propositions and Reflections","authors":"Nicholas Royle","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09555-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09555-4","url":null,"abstract":"This short communication explores the idea of “stream of consciousness” and considers some of the ways in which scientific writing relies – even or perhaps especially insofar as it does not signal this fact – on the resources of literary language and literary thinking. Particular attention is given to notions of literal and figurative or metaphorical language, including “hydrological” and “ontic” metaphor. A crucial figure is simile (the “like”), discussed here in relation to the Thomas Nagel’s “What is it Like to Be a Bat?”, Todd Feinberg and Jon Mallatt’s Consciousness Demystified, and Anil Seth’s Being You: A New Science of Consciousness. Neuroethics cannot restrict itself to the domain of technology and the human. The deconstruction of anthropocentrism, already underway in literary modernism, calls for responsibility in relation to non-human as well as human life-forms. Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway provides rich and multifarious resources for exploring these issues. Woolf’s novel is considered as a kind of literary water music, in which sense and feeling is not limited to the human, and distinctions between consciousness and the environment are susceptible to dissolution. Woolf’s work is concerned with a conception of stream of consciousness as telepathic fluidity, as “merging minds” but without restitution of the individual or collective.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140583624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“You shall have the thought”: habeas cogitationem as a New Legal Remedy to Enforce Freedom of Thinking and Neurorights "你应拥有思想"：作为实施思维自由和神经权利的新法律补救措施的思考人身保护令

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09551-8

José M. Muñoz, José Ángel Marinaro

{"title":"“You shall have the thought”: habeas cogitationem as a New Legal Remedy to Enforce Freedom of Thinking and Neurorights","authors":"José M. Muñoz, José Ángel Marinaro","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09551-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09551-8","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its obvious advantages, the disruptive development of neurotechnology can pose risks to fundamental freedoms. In the context of such concerns, proposals have emerged in recent years either to design human rights de novo or to update the existing ones. These new rights in the age of neurotechnology are now widely referred to as “neurorights.” In parallel, there is a considerable amount of ongoing academic work related to updating the right to freedom of thought in order to include the protection of “freedom of thinking” (i.e., freedom of thought itself) and not only its social manifestations. Neurorights such as cognitive liberty, free will, mental freedom, and mental self-determination come into play here. Importantly, freedom of thought has often been considered a prerequisite for all the other fundamental freedoms and rights. In any case, just as other rights require additional legal instruments to guarantee their compliance, substantial neurorights will probably require specific complementary developments in procedural law. In relation to this, there is a long tradition of habeas corpus as an emergency remedy to enforce the rights of a citizen against illegal or arbitrary detention. More recently, the habeas data writ has been proposed and admitted in certain countries to guarantee a person’s ownership of their personal data. In this article, we propose to expand this procedural apparatus by incorporating a third habeas, which we call habeas cogitationem: a writ aimed primarily at enforcing the right to freedom of thinking (and, subsidiarily, the rest of neurorights) against direct, harmful interferences in a person’s thought process by both public and private perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140583592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting Maher’s One-Factor Theory of Delusion, Again 再次重温马赫的单因素妄想理论

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09553-6

Ema Sullivan-Bissett, Paul Noordhof

引用次数: 0

Health Aspirations for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) 经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）的健康愿望

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09547-4

{"title":"Health Aspirations for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09547-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09547-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Advances in neuroscience have enabled the transition of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) from research and clinical settings to public use. For this primarily home-based context, tDCS has been popularized as a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach to improved cognition and wellness. The line between wellness and health is blurry, however, and little is known about how engagement with therapeutic tDCS impacts users’ interactions with other interventions such as clinical consultations, pharmacotherapy, complementary medicine, and even other neurotechnology. To close this gap, we collected data from the online content aggregator Reddit and analyzed posts pertaining to tDCS. Findings indicate that most users turn to Reddit to request information about tDCS as an adjunct, but not as a bypass, to ongoing or prior approaches. Posts suggest that mainstream medical care is viewed as necessary but not sufficient to address conditions such as depression and anxiety. Users discuss a mix of benefits and harms. This discourse provides valuable insights into the health practices, concerns and priorities of users, and new knowledge for informing applications of neurotechnology both inside and outside the therapeutic setting.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Psychological Process Underlying Attitudes Toward Human-Animal Chimeric Brain Research: An Empirical Investigation 对人兽嵌合脑研究态度的心理过程：实证调查

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09552-7

Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Mineki Oguchi, Kazuki Iijima, Koji Ota

{"title":"The Psychological Process Underlying Attitudes Toward Human-Animal Chimeric Brain Research: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Tetsushi Tanibe, Takumi Watanabe, Mineki Oguchi, Kazuki Iijima, Koji Ota","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09552-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09552-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study adopted an empirical method to investigate lay people’s attitudes toward the bioethical issues of human-animal chimeric brains. The results of online surveys showed that (1) people did not entirely reject chimeric brain research, but showed slightly more negative responses than ordinary animal testing; and that (2) their ethical concerns arose in connection with the perception that chimerism in the brain would humanize the animal. This means that people’s psychology was consistent with the ethical argument that crossing the human-animal boundary would bring moral confusion to our society. Meanwhile, it was not in line with another argument that moral status depended on having high capacities, and that chimerism would cause a problem if it enhanced animals’ capacities. Furthermore, this study analyzed additional psychological factors related to people’s moral judgment and the relationship among those factors. Several psychological factors, such as the perception that chimeric brain research is unnatural, were identified as mediating the relationship between perception of animal humanization and ethical concerns about creating and using chimeric brains. Introducing an empirical approach to the ethics of human-animal chimeric brains brought two findings: (1) this study informed us of socially shared intuition regarding this novel technology; and (2) it unveiled the psychological processes behind people’s ethical concerns in more detail than they spontaneously mentioned. These findings will help to build normative arguments and future policies that are understandable and acceptable to society.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelic Therapy as Form of Life 作为生命形式的迷幻疗法

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09550-9

Nicolas Langlitz, Alex K. Gearin

{"title":"Psychedelic Therapy as Form of Life","authors":"Nicolas Langlitz, Alex K. Gearin","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09550-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09550-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the historical context of a crisis in biological psychiatry, psychedelic drugs paired with psychotherapy are globally re-emerging in research clinics as a potential transdiagnostic therapy for treating mood disorders, addictions, and other forms of psychological distress. The treatments are poised to soon shift from clinical trials to widespread service delivery in places like Australia, North America, and Europe, which has prompted ethical questions by social scientists and bioethicists. Taking a broader view, we argue that the ethics of psychedelic therapy concerns not simply how psychotherapies are different when paired with psychedelic drugs, but how psychedelic therapies shape and are shaped by different values, norms, and metaphysical commitments. Drawing from the published literature and interviews with seven psychedelic therapists working in clinical trials in the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Australia, this article opens the black box of the treatments to consider the values and informal debates currently animating the therapies. Considering questions of patient autonomy, mechanisms of therapeutic action, and which therapies are best suited to pair with psychedelic substances, we examine the ethics of psychedelic therapy as an emergent form of life. To bring this form of life out in fuller relief, we conclude by comparing and contrasting it with ayahuasca use in Amazonian shamanism.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Case Against Organoid Consciousness 反对类有机体意识的理由

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09548-3

James Croxford, Tim Bayne

引用次数: 0

Ethical Implications of the Impact of Fracking on Brain Health 压裂对大脑健康影响的伦理意义

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09546-5

Ava Grier, Judy Illes

引用次数: 0

Giving Consent to the Ineffable 同意不可言传

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09545-6

Daniel Villiger

引用次数: 0

Safeguarding Users of Consumer Mental Health Apps in Research and Product Improvement Studies: an Interview Study 在研究和产品改进研究中保护消费者心理健康应用程序的用户：一项访谈研究

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-024-09543-8

{"title":"Safeguarding Users of Consumer Mental Health Apps in Research and Product Improvement Studies: an Interview Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09543-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09543-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Mental health-related data generated by app users during the routine use of Consumer Mental Health Apps (CMHAs) are being increasingly leveraged for research and product improvement studies. However, it remains unclear which ethical safeguards and practices should be implemented by researchers and app developers to protect users during these studies, and concerns have been raised over their current implementation in CMHAs. To better understand which ethical safeguards and practices are implemented, why and how, 17 app developers and researchers were interviewed who had been involved in using CMHA data for studies. Interviewees discussed the impact on stakeholder interests, sufficiency thresholds and procedural alterations of informed consent, data protection, gathering app user perspectives and representing users in app design and study conduct, and ensuring adequate support. Although the reasoning behind how and why these ethical safeguards and practices should be implemented showed considerable variability and several gaps, interviewees converged on various general lines of reasoning. This allowed for the development of a coherent and nuanced account that could prove useful for future CMHA studies and which could stimulate further normative investigation of the role of ethical safeguards and practices in these studies.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0