Neuroethics最新文献

{"title":"Revolutionizing Brain Research Using Portable MRI in Field Settings: Public Perspectives on the Ethical and Legal Challenges.","authors":"Molly K Madzelan, Frances Lawrenz, Susan M Wolf, Francis X Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12152-025-09606-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-025-09606-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>New, highly portable MRI (pMRI) technology promises to revolutionize brain research by facilitating field-based studies that can expand research to new settings beyond the traditional MRI suite in a medical center. At this early stage of development, understanding public knowledge and attitudes about pMRI research is crucial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this article we present the first empirical study of the general public's willingness to participate in pMRI research, and their perceptions of expected benefits and concerns.</p><p><strong>Methods & results: </strong>We conducted a nationally representative online survey (N = 2,001) administered Aug. 15-31, 2022. We found that respondents were overwhelmingly willing to participate in pMRI research, with no significant differences between five key demographic sub-groups: rural residents, older adults (65+), Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, and those economically disadvantaged. Respondents saw many potential benefits (e.g., follow-up information about the study's results) and few concerns (e.g., insufficient payment) associated with participating.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Such high public interest in participating confirms the importance of developing ethical guidance for pMRI research now, before that research rapidly expands. The results speak to the importance of minimizing the therapeutic misconception in pMRI research, as the survey reveals gaps in participant knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of pMRI devices to provide clinically informative scans. Our data showed that a lack of trust in scientists can reduce likelihood of participation, and thus researchers will need to engage participant communities to fully realize the potential of pMRI research to reach remote and historically underrepresented populations.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12152-025-09606-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"18 2","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Hazards as An Ethical Toolkit for Neuroscience.","authors":"Susana Román García, Ceilidh Welsh, Nina H Di Cara, David C Sterratt, Nicola Romanò, Melanie I Stefan","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09580-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-024-09580-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Data Hazards framework (Zelenka, Di Cara, & Contributors, 2024) is intended to encourage thinking about the ethical implications of data science projects. It takes the form of community-designed data hazard labels, similar to warning labels on chemicals, that can encourage reflection and discussion on what ethical risks are associated with a project and how they can be mitigated. In this article, we explain how the Data Hazards framework can apply to neuroscience. We demonstrate how the hazard labels can be applied to one of our own projects, on the computational modelling of postsynaptic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12152-024-09580-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"18 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Moratorium on Implantable Non-Medical Neurotech Until Effects on the Mind are Properly Understood.","authors":"Christoph Bublitz, Jennifer A Chandler, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Marta Sosa Navarro, Philipp Kellmeyer, Surjo R Soekadar","doi":"10.1007/s12152-025-09612-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-025-09612-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of non-medical consumer neurotechnology is gaining momentum. As companies chart the course for future implanted and invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in non-medical populations, the time has come for concrete steps toward their regulation. We propose three measures: First, a mandatory Mental Impact Assessment that comprehensively screens for adverse mental effects of neurotechnologies under realistic use conditions needs to be developed and implemented. Second, until such an assessment is developed and further ethical concerns are effectively resolved, a moratorium on placing implantable non-medical devices on markets should be established. Third, implantable consumer neurotech for children should be banned. These measures are initial steps in a process seeking to define the necessary requirements for placing these devices on markets. They are grounded in a human rights-based approach to technology regulation that seeks to promote the interests protected by human rights while minimizing the risks posed to them. Neurotechnologies have the potential to profoundly alter cognitive, emotional, and other mental processes, with implications for the rights to mental health and integrity, and possibly for societal dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"18 3","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to existential distress at the end of life: Psychedelics and psychedelic experiences and/ as medicine","authors":"Nathan Emmerich","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09571-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09571-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay engages with the (re)emergence of psychedelic medicine and the idea of psychedelics drugs and the experiences they induce as a developing therapeutic modality. It does so in the context of the provision of psychedelics to terminally ill patients experiencing existential distress as they approach the end of their lives. Reflecting on such suggestions facilitates an examination of a specific aspect of psychedelics and/ as medicine (or palliative care), namely questions of meaning and meaninglessness. Understood as impacting one’s ability to make or <i>realise</i> meaning in life, existential distress commonly entails a degree of demoralisation. In some cases, individuals can be thought of as inhabiting (and being inhabited by) a sense of meaninglessness. In contrast, the experiences psychedelics seem to induce are often imbued with a great deal of meaning, a sense of which seems to continue long after the psychoactive effects of such drugs have ceased. Whilst briefly considering whether or not meaning can properly be thought of as a matter for healthcare or a medical concern, this paper seeks to highlight some of the implications that the advent of psychedelic medicine might have. By way of a conclusion, I enjoin bioethics in recognising itself as a meaningful cultural discourse that is implicated in the future(s) of medicine, psychedelics and being human.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for Consciousness Disorders; Technical and Ethical Considerations","authors":"Alceste Deli, Alexander L. Green","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09570-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09570-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) result in profound functional impairment, adversely affecting the lives of a predominantly younger patient population. Currently, effective treatment options for those who have reached chronicity (prolonged symptom duration over 4 weeks) are extremely limited, with the majority of such cases facing life-long dependence on carers and a poor quality of life. Here we briefly review the current evidence on caseload, diagnostic and management options in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU). We identify key differences as well as similarities in these approaches across respective healthcare systems, highlighting unmet needs in this population. We subsequently present past efforts and the most recent advances in the field of surgical modulation of consciousness through implantable neurostimulation systems. We examine the ethical dilemmas that such a treatment approach may pose, proposing mediating solutions and methodological adjustments to address these concerns. Overall, we argue that there is a strong case for the utilisation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the DoC patient cohort. This is based on both promising results of recent clinical trials as well as technological developments. We propose a revitalization of surgical neuromodulation for DoC with a multicenter, multidisciplinary approach and strict monitoring guidelines, in order to not only advance treatment options but also ensure the safeguarding of patients’ welfare and dignity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurorights, Mental Privacy, and Mind Reading","authors":"Cohen Marcus Lionel Brown","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09568-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09568-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A pressing worry in the ongoing neurorights debate is the language used to advocate for newly proposed rights. This paper addresses this concern by first examining the partial and ambiguous associations between mind reading and neurotechnology, often cited by advocates in support of the right to mental privacy. Secondly, it addresses the conceptual foundations of mind reading, distinguishing between natural, digital, and neurotechnological forms. These distinctions serve to highlight the normative parallels in privacy vulnerabilities between neurotechnology and other mind-reading methods, with an emphasis on multimodal digital systems. I suggest that authentic safeguards for the mental realm demand an expansion of the protective ambit beyond brain-targeted devices to recognize the spectrum of mind-reading applications. Ultimately, this urges re-evaluation of the scope and justification of a right to mental privacy owing to the need for coherent frameworks in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Transformative Trip? Experiences of Psychedelic Use","authors":"Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Caroline Beit, Jill Robinson, Kai Blevins, Joel Reynolds, Nicholas G. Evans, Amy L. McGuire","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09567-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09567-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychedelic experiences are often compared to “transformative experiences” due to their potential to change how people think and behave. This study empirically examines whether psychedelic experiences constitute transformative experiences. Given psychedelics’ prospective applications as treatments for mental health disorders, this study also explores neuroethical issues raised by the possibility of biomedically directed transformation—namely, consent and moral psychopharmacology. To achieve these aims, we used both inductive and deductive coding techniques to analyze transcripts from interviews with 26 participants in psychedelic retreats. Results indicate that psychedelic experiences can constitute transformative experiences. Twenty participants reported experiences or insights that were seemingly inaccessible or impossible to attain if not for the psychoactive effects of psychedelics. All participants besides one reported some change in identity, values, beliefs, desires, and behavior—changes in behavior being the most common. Participants also reported feeling capable deciding to use psychedelics in part due to information seeking prior to their retreats. Finally, several participants reported an enhanced capacity for enacting changes in their lives. Our results underscore both the importance of subjective embodiment to transformation and the role of transformative agency in shaping outcomes of the psychedelic experience. We examine our results relative to neuroethical issues and advocate for centering the person in psychedelic research and neuroethical inquiry about psychedelics to avoid pitfalls associated with psychedelics’ potential as moral psychopharmacological agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotechnological Applications and the Protection of Mental Privacy: An Assessment of Risks","authors":"Pablo López-Silva, Abel Wajnerman-Paz, Fruzsina Molnar-Gabor","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09565-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09565-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of mental privacy can be defined as the principle that subjects should have control over the access to their own neural data and to the information about the mental processes and states that can be obtained by analyzing it. Our aim is to contribute to the current debate on mental privacy by identifying the main positions, articulating key assumptions and addressing central arguments. First, we map the different positions found in current literature. We distinguish between those who dismiss concerns about mental privacy and those who endorse them. In this latter group, we establish a further disagreement between conservative and liberal strategies to protect mental privacy. Then, we address the first discussion by articulating and criticizing different skeptical views on mental privacy. Finally, we try to identify what are the unique features of neural data and examine how they may be connected to the ways in which neurotechnological mindreading could put mental privacy at risk. We suggest that even if neural data is unique, it may not require new strategies to protect people from its misuse. However, identifying the special features and risks of neurotechnological mind-reading is necessary for the second discussion on mental privacy to properly take off.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who does Neuroethics Scholarship Address, and What Does it Recommend? A Content Analysis of Selected Abstracts from the International Neuroethics Society Annual Meetings","authors":"Nina Yichen Wei, Rebekah J. Choi, Laura Specker Sullivan, Anna Wexler","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09554-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09554-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Much neuroethics literature concludes with a set of normative recommendations. While these recommendations can be a helpful way of summarizing a proposal for a future direction, some have recently argued that ethics scholarship has devoted insufficient attention to considerations of audience and real-world applications. To date, however, while scholars have conducted topic analyses of neuroethics literature, to our knowledge no study has evaluated who neuroethics scholarship addresses and what it recommends. The objective of the present study therefore was to provide a preliminary characterization of recommendations offered in neuroethics scholarship and an assessment of their target audiences. Rather than attempting to demarcate what constitutes “neuroethics scholarship,” we analyzed text that authors’ had self-identified as being neuroethics-related: abstracts presented at the International Neuroethics Society (INS) annual meetings and published as top abstracts in <i>AJOB Neuroscience</i> in the last decade (2011–2020). We found that a majority of abstracts utilized conceptual methods (62.2%) and provided conceptual recommendations (68%). Roughly 77% of all abstracts did not explicitly address a target audience, yet nearly all of these were implicitly directed at other scholars. The remainder specified a target audience of scholars (12.2%), regulators (6.7%), healthcare providers (6.7%) and industry (2.6%). Only a subset of abstracts provided practical or policy recommendations (19.7%). Of those, the majority (61.5%) did not specify a target audience. Among the subset with actionable recommendations, a clarification of target audience may help increase the impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism and the Case Against Job Interviews","authors":"Bouke de Vries","doi":"10.1007/s12152-024-09563-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09563-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unemployment rates among autistic people are high even among those with low-support needs. While a variety of measures is needed to address this problem, this article defends one that has not been defended in detail and that has profound implications for contemporary hiring practices. Building on empirical research showing that job interviews are a major contributor to autistic unemployment, it argues that such interviews should be abolished in many cases for autistic and non-autistic people alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}