Neuroethics最新文献_第10页

Shining a Light also Casts a Shadow: Neuroimaging Incidental Findings in Neuromarketing Research 发光也投下阴影：神经影像学在神经营销研究中的偶然发现

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09463-x

Owen M. Bradfield

引用次数: 4

Next of kin’s Reactions to Results of Functional Neurodiagnostics of Disorders of Consciousness: a Question of Information Delivery or of Differing Epistemic Beliefs? 近亲对意识障碍功能性神经诊断结果的反应:是信息传递的问题还是不同认知信念的问题?

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09462-y

K. Kuehlmeyer, A. Bender, R. Jox, E. Racine, Maria Ruhfass, Leah Schembs

引用次数: 1

What it Might Be like to Be a Group Agent 成为一名集团代理人可能是什么样子

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09459-7

Max F. Kramer

引用次数: 4

Narrative Devices: Neurotechnologies, Information, and Self-Constitution. 叙事装置：神经技术、信息和自我构成。

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-020-09449-1

Emily Postan

{"title":"Narrative Devices: Neurotechnologies, Information, and Self-Constitution.","authors":"Emily Postan","doi":"10.1007/s12152-020-09449-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-020-09449-1","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a conceptual and normative framework through which we may understand the potentially ethically significant roles that information generated by neurotechnologies about our brains and minds may play in our construction of our identities. Neuroethics debates currently focus disproportionately on the ways that third parties may (ab)use these kinds of information. These debates occlude interests we may have in whether and how we ourselves encounter information about our own brains and minds. This gap is not yet adequately addressed by most allusions in the literature to potential identity impacts. These lack the requisite conceptual or normative foundations to explain why we should be concerned about such effects or how they might be addressed. This article seeks to fill this gap by presenting a normative account of identity as constituted by embodied self-narratives. It proposes that information generated by neurotechnologies can play significant content-supplying and interpretive roles in our construction of our self-narratives. It argues, to the extent that these roles support and detract from the coherence and inhabitability of these narratives, access to information about our brains and minds engages non-trivial identity-related interests. These claims are illustrated using examples drawn from empirical literature reporting reactions to information generated by implantable predictive BCIs and psychiatric neuroimaging. The article concludes by highlighting ways in which information generated by neurotechnologies might be governed so as to protect information subjects' interests in developing and inhabiting their own identities.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 2","pages":"231-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8549978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39579441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence-Based Neuroethics, Deep Brain Stimulation and Personality - Deflating, but not Bursting, the Bubble. 以证据为基础的神经伦理学、脑深部刺激与人格--放掉泡沫，但不是戳破泡沫。

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-018-9392-5

Jonathan Pugh, Laurie Pycroft, Hannah Maslen, Tipu Aziz, Julian Savulescu

{"title":"Evidence-Based Neuroethics, Deep Brain Stimulation and Personality - Deflating, but not Bursting, the Bubble.","authors":"Jonathan Pugh, Laurie Pycroft, Hannah Maslen, Tipu Aziz, Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1007/s12152-018-9392-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-018-9392-5","url":null,"abstract":"Gilbert et al. have raised important questions about the empirical grounding of neuroethical analyses of the apparent phenomenon of Deep Brain Stimulation 'causing' personality changes. In this paper, we consider how to make neuroethical claims appropriately calibrated to existing evidence, and the role that philosophical neuroethics has to play in this enterprise of 'evidence-based neuroethics'. In the first half of the paper, we begin by highlighting the challenges we face in investigating changes to PIAAAS following DBS, explaining how different trial designs may be of different degrees of utility, depending on how changes to PIAAAS following DBS are manifested. In particular, we suggest that the trial designs Gilbert et al. call for may not be able to tell us whether or not DBS directly causes changes to personality. However, we suggest that this is not the most significant question about this phenomenon; the most significant question is whether these changes should matter morally, however they are caused. We go on to suggest that neuroethical analyses of novel neuro-interventions should be carried out in accordance with the levels of evidence hierarchy outlined by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), and explain different ways in which neuroethical analyses of changes to PIAAAS can be evidence-based on this framework. In the second half of the paper, we explain how philosophical neuroethics can play an important role in contributing to mechanism-based reasoning about potential effects on PIAAAS following DBS, a form of evidence that is also incorporated into the CEBM levels of evidence hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 Suppl 1","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8568854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39722108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Motivational Neuro-Doping in Sport: Praiseworthiness and Prizeworthiness. 体育运动中动机性神经兴奋剂的伦理:值得赞扬和值得奖励。

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-020-09445-5

Bowman-Smart, Hilary, Savulescu, Julian

引用次数: 0

Recommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies. 关于负责任地开发和应用神经技术的建议。

IF 2.6 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09468-6

Sara Goering, Eran Klein, Laura Specker Sullivan, Anna Wexler, Blaise Agüera Y Arcas, Guoqiang Bi, Jose M Carmena, Joseph J Fins, Phoebe Friesen, Jack Gallant, Jane E Huggins, Philipp Kellmeyer, Adam Marblestone, Christine Mitchell, Erik Parens, Michelle Pham, Alan Rubel, Norihiro Sadato, Mina Teicher, David Wasserman, Meredith Whittaker, Jonathan Wolpaw, Rafael Yuste

{"title":"Recommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies.","authors":"Sara Goering, Eran Klein, Laura Specker Sullivan, Anna Wexler, Blaise Agüera Y Arcas, Guoqiang Bi, Jose M Carmena, Joseph J Fins, Phoebe Friesen, Jack Gallant, Jane E Huggins, Philipp Kellmeyer, Adam Marblestone, Christine Mitchell, Erik Parens, Michelle Pham, Alan Rubel, Norihiro Sadato, Mina Teicher, David Wasserman, Meredith Whittaker, Jonathan Wolpaw, Rafael Yuste","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09468-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-021-09468-6","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including \"Neurorights,\" for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users' control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 3","pages":"365-386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8081770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38943727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Losing Meaning: Philosophical Reflections on Neural Interventions and their Influence on Narrative Identity. 失去意义：关于神经干预及其对叙事身份的影响的哲学思考。

IF 2.6 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09469-5

Muriel Leuenberger

{"title":"Losing Meaning: Philosophical Reflections on Neural Interventions and their Influence on Narrative Identity.","authors":"Muriel Leuenberger","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09469-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-021-09469-5","url":null,"abstract":"The profound changes in personality, mood, and other features of the self that neural interventions can induce can be disconcerting to patients, their families, and caregivers. In the neuroethical debate, these concerns are often addressed in the context of possible threats to the narrative self. In this paper, I argue that it is necessary to consider a dimension of impacts on the narrative self which has so far been neglected: neural interventions can lead to a loss of meaning of actions, feelings, beliefs, and other intentional elements of our self-narratives. To uphold the coherence of the self-narrative, the changes induced by neural interventions need to be accounted for through explanations in intentional or biochemical terms. However, only an explanation including intentional states delivers the content to directly ascribe personal meaning, i.e., subjective value to events. Neural interventions can deprive events of meaning because they may favor a predominantly biochemical account. A loss of meaning is not inherently negative but it can be problematic, particularly if events are affected one was not prepared or willing to have stripped of meaning. The paper further examines what it is about neural interventions that impacts meaning by analyzing different methods. To which degree the pull towards a biochemical view occurs depends on the characteristics of the neural intervention. By comparing Deep Brain Stimulation, Prozac, Ritalin, psychedelics, and psychotherapy, the paper identifies some main factors: the rate of change, the transparency of the causal chain, the involvement of the patient, and the presence of an acute phenomenological experience.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 3","pages":"491-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8643292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurostimulation, doping, and the spirit of sport. 神经刺激，兴奋剂和运动精神。

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-020-09435-7

Jonathan Pugh, Christopher Pugh

{"title":"Neurostimulation, doping, and the spirit of sport.","authors":"Jonathan Pugh, Christopher Pugh","doi":"10.1007/s12152-020-09435-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-020-09435-7","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing interest in using neuro-stimulation devices to achieve an ergogenic effect in elite athletes. Although the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA) does not currently prohibit neuro-stimulation techniques, a number of researchers have called on WADA to consider its position on this issue. Focusing on trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a case study of an imminent so-called 'neuro-doping' intervention, we argue that the emerging evidence suggests that tDCS may meet WADA's own criteria (pertaining to safety, performance-enhancing effect, and incompatibility with the 'spirit of sport') for a method's inclusion on its list of prohibited substances and methods. We begin by surveying WADA's general approach to doping, and highlight important limitations to the current evidence base regarding the performance-enhancing effect of pharmacological doping substances. We then review the current evidence base for the safety and efficacy of tDCS, and argue that despite significant shortcomings, there may be sufficient evidence for WADA to consider prohibiting tDCS, in light of the comparable flaws in the evidence base for pharmacological doping substances. In the second half of the paper, we argue that the question of whether WADA ought to ban tDCS turns significantly on the question of whether it is compatible with the 'spirit of sport' criterion. We critique some of the previously published positions on this, and advocate our own sport-specific and application-specific approach. Despite these arguments, we finally conclude by suggesting that tDCS ought to be monitored rather than prohibited due to compelling non-ideal considerations.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 Suppl 2","pages":"141-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12152-020-09435-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Should Couch Potatoes Be Encouraged to Use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation? 应该鼓励电视迷使用经颅直流电刺激吗?

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-020-09454-4

Francesca Minerva

引用次数: 0