Neuroethics最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive Diminishments and Crime Prevention: “Too Smart for the Rest of Us”?","authors":"S. Holmen","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09488-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09488-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impossibility of a Moral Right to Privacy.","authors":"Ingmar Persson,&nbsp;Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09500-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09500-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper clarifies and defends against criticism our argument in <i>Unfit for the Future</i> that there is no moral right to privacy. A right to privacy is conceived as a right that others do not acquire information about us that we reserve for ourselves and selected others. Information acquisition itself is distinguished from the means used to acquire it and the uses to which the information is put. To acquire information is not an action; it is to be caused to be in an internal state. By contrast, means of acquisition and uses of information are actions that can be voluntarily controlled. We can therefore have rights against others that they stay away from certain means and uses but not from information acquisition in itself. An omniscient, omnipotent and omnibeneficient being is not thought to violate a right to privacy because its means and uses of information are morally acceptable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"15 2","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9239928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40468790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Neurorights: From Nonsense to Substance.","authors":"Jan Christoph Bublitz","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09481-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09481-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper analyses recent calls for so called \"neurorights\", suggested novel human rights whose adoption is allegedly required because of advances in neuroscience, exemplified by a proposal of the Neurorights Initiative. Advances in neuroscience and technology are indeed impressive and pose a range of challenges for the law, and some novel applications give grounds for human rights concerns. But whether addressing these concerns requires adopting novel human rights, and whether the proposed neurorights are suitable candidates, are a different matter. This paper argues that the proposed rights, as individuals and a class, should not be adopted and lobbying on their behalf should stop. The proposal tends to promote rights inflationism, is tainted by neuroexceptionalism and neuroessentialism, and lacks grounding in relevant scholarship. None of the proposed individual rights passes quality criteria debated in the field. While understandable from a moral perspective, the proposal is fundamentally flawed from a legal perspective. Rather than conjuring up novel human rights, existing rights should be further developed in face of changing societal circumstances and technological possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8821782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Societal Collapse and Intergenerational Disparities in Suffering.","authors":"Parker Crutchfield","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09505-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09505-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collapse of society is inevitable, even if it is in the distant future. When it collapses, it is likely to do so within the lifetimes of some people. These people will have matured in pre-collapse society, experience collapse, and then live the remainder of their lives in the post-collapse world. I argue that this group of people-the transitional generation-will be the worst off from societal collapse, far worse than subsequent generations. As the transitional generation, they will suffer disparately. This intergenerational disparity in suffering is inequitable. Given that other disparities in suffering are worthy of remediation, this intergenerational disparity in suffering is worthy of remediation. However, the only way to do so is to target the mental states of the members of the transitional generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9419136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal Caregivers of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: a Qualitative Study of Communication Experiences and Information Needs with Physicians.","authors":"Karoline Boegle,&nbsp;Marta Bassi,&nbsp;Angela Comanducci,&nbsp;Katja Kuehlmeyer,&nbsp;Philipp Oehl,&nbsp;Theresa Raiser,&nbsp;Martin Rosenfelder,&nbsp;Jaco Diego Sitt,&nbsp;Chiara Valota,&nbsp;Lina Willacker,&nbsp;Andreas Bender,&nbsp;Eva Grill","doi":"10.1007/s12152-022-09503-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-022-09503-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to improvements in medicine, the figures of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are increasing. Diagnostics of DoC and prognostication of rehabilitation outcome is challenging but necessary to evaluate recovery potential and to decide on treatment options. Such decisions should be made by doctors and patients' surrogates based on medico-ethical principles. Meeting information needs and communicating effectively with caregivers as the patients´ most common surrogate-decision makers is crucial, and challenging when novel tech-nologies are introduced. This qualitative study aims to explore information needs of informal DoC caregivers, how they manage the obtained information and their perceptions and experiences with caregiver-physician communication in facilities that implemented innovative neurodiagnostics studies. In 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews with nine caregivers of clinically stable DoC patients in two rehabilitation centers in Italy and Germany. Participants were selected based on consecutive purposeful sampling. Caregivers were recruited at the facilities after written informed consent. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. For analysis, we used reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun & Clarke (2006). Caregivers experienced the conversations emotionally, generally based on the value of the information provided. They reported to seek positive information, comfort and empathy with-in the communication of results of examinations. They needed detailed information to gain a deep understanding and a clear picture of their loved-one's condition. The results suggest a mismatch between the perspectives of caregivers and the perspectives of medical profession-als, and stress the need for more elaborate approaches to the communication of results of neu-rodiagnostics studies.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12152-022-09503-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40574406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spectrum of responsibility ascription for end users of neurotechnologies.","authors":"Andreas Schönau","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09460-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-021-09460-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive neural devices offer novel prospects for motor rehabilitation on different levels of agentive behavior. From a functional perspective, they interact with, support, or enable human intentional actions in such a way that movement capabilities are regained. However, when there is a technical malfunction resulting in an unintended movement, the complexity of the relationship between the end user and the device sometimes makes it difficult to determine who is responsible for the outcome - a circumstance that has been coined as \"responsibility gap\" in the literature. So far, recent accounts frame this issue around the theme of control but more work is needed to explore the complicated terrain of assigning responsibility for neural device-mediated actions from this control perspective. This paper aims at contributing to this tendency by offering more fine-grained distinctions of how that control capacity is facilitated by the machine and how it can be exercised by the end user. This results in a novel framework that depicts an in-depth exploration of the control aspect of responsibility in a way that incorporates the diversity of relationships between neurotechnologies, the various conditions they treat, and the individual end user's experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 3","pages":"423-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12152-021-09460-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement and Cheapened Achievement: A New Dilemma","authors":"E. Gordon, Lucy Dunn","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09477-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-021-09477-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 1","pages":"409 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DBS and Autonomy: Clarifying the Role of Theoretical Neuroethics.","authors":"Peter Zuk,&nbsp;Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz","doi":"10.1007/s12152-019-09417-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-019-09417-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gilbert, Viaña, and Ineichen call for further empirical work on the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy and self (PIAAAS) (Gilbert et al. 2018a). In particular, they emphasize the need for more sophisticated instruments measuring potential changes in PIAAAS. The development of such instruments, they argue, will provide a stronger empirical foundation for theoretical neuroethics work on DBS. We agree with this proposal. However, we believe that theoretical neuroethics has an important role to play in advancing empirical neuroethics that is not emphasized in Gilbert et al.'s remarks on the relationship between empirical and theoretical neuroethics. The development of instruments for more fully assessing changes in PIAAAS will require significant clarification of its component concepts. This task of clarification is the purview of theoretical neuroethics. In this article, we sketch how theoretical neuroethics can clarify the concept of autonomy. We hope that this can both serve as a model for the conceptual clarification of other components of PIAAAS and contribute to the development of the empirical measures that Gilbert and colleagues propose.</p>","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 Suppl 1","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12152-019-09417-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39703906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: First Epileptic Seizure and Initial Diagnosis of Juvenile Myoclonus Epilepsy (JME) in a Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Study– Ethical Analysis of a Clinical Case","authors":"Anna Sierawska,Vera Moliadze,Maike Splittgerber,Annette Rogge,Michael Siniatchkin,Alena Buyx","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09476-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-021-09476-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"9 1","pages":"575-576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroparenting: the Myths and the Benefits. An Ethical Systematic Review","authors":"A. Snoek, D. Horstkötter","doi":"10.1007/s12152-021-09474-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-021-09474-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"14 1","pages":"387 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}