Neuroethics最新文献_第4页

When the Trial Ends: The Case for Post-Trial Provisions in Clinical Psychedelic Research. 审判结束时：临床迷幻药研究中的审判后条款。

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09536-z

Edward Jacobs, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner, Ian Rouiller, David Nutt, Meg J Spriggs

{"title":"When the Trial Ends: The Case for Post-Trial Provisions in Clinical Psychedelic Research.","authors":"Edward Jacobs, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner, Ian Rouiller, David Nutt, Meg J Spriggs","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09536-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12152-023-09536-z","url":null,"abstract":"The ethical value-and to some scholars, necessity-of providing trial patients with post-trial access (PTA) to an investigational drug has been subject to significant attention in the field of research ethics. Although no consensus has emerged, it seems clear that, in some trial contexts, various factors make PTA particularly appropriate. We outline the atypical aspects of psychedelic clinical trials that support the case for introducing the provision of PTA within research in this field, including the broader legal status of psychedelics, the nature of the researcher-therapist/participant relationship, and the extended time-frame of the full therapeutic process. As is increasingly understood, the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is driven as much by extrapharmacological elements and the cultural therapeutic container as by the drug itself. As such, we also advocate for a refocusing of attention from post-trial access to a broader concept encompassing other elements of post-trial care. We provide an overview of some of the potential post-trial care provisions that may be appropriate in psychedelic clinical trials. Although the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki calls on researchers, sponsors, and governments to make provisions for post-trial access, such provision may feel impracticable or out-of-reach within psychedelic trials that are already constrained by a high resource demand and significant bureaucratic burden. We show how conceiving of post-trial provision as an integral site of the research process, and an appropriate destination for research funding, will serve to develop the infrastructure necessary for the post-legalisation psychedelic medicine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What (if anything) morally separates environmental from neurochemical behavioral interventions? 从道义上讲，环境干预与神经化学行为干预之间有什么区别（如果有的话）？

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09540-3

Viktor Ivanković

引用次数: 0

Dimensions of Consciousness and the Moral Status of Brain Organoids 意识的维度与脑类器官的道德地位

IF 1.4 4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09538-x

J. Lomax Boyd, Nethanel Lipshitz

{"title":"Dimensions of Consciousness and the Moral Status of Brain Organoids","authors":"J. Lomax Boyd, Nethanel Lipshitz","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09538-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09538-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human brain organoids (HBOs) are novel entities that may exhibit unique forms of cognitive potential. What moral status, if any, do they have? Several authors propose that consciousness may hold the answer to this question. Others identify various kinds of consciousness as crucially important for moral consideration, while leaving open the challenge of determining whether HBOs have them. This paper aims to make progress on these questions in two ways. First, it proposes a framework for thinking about the moral status of entities other than paradigmatic persons. This framework identifies four qualities that ground moral status: evaluative stance, self-directedness, agency, and other-directedness. Second, we speculate on ways in which these qualities are relevant to dimensions of conscious experience that have been, or could be, identified in nonhuman animals. We further explore how these approaches could be adapted for use in HBOs, and argue that such studies, or something similar to them, will have to be performed if we wish to have empirical indications that HBOs have consciousness of a morally significant kind. We end by proposing that in our current scientific and epistemic situation, it is too soon to attribute any moral status to HBOs, but that this might change in the future.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"28 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caregivers of ALS Patients: Their Experiences and Needs 渐冻症患者的照护者:他们的经验与需求

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09537-y

Kun Yang, Hongxia Xue, Li Li, Shan Tang

引用次数: 0

Rationales and Approaches to Protecting Brain Data: a Scoping Review 保护大脑数据的基本原理和方法:范围审查

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09534-1

Anita S. Jwa, Nicole Martinez-Martin

引用次数: 0

How to Advance the Debate on the Criminal Responsibility of Antisocial Offenders 如何推进反社会罪犯刑事责任之争

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09535-0

Marko Jurjako, Luca Malatesti, Inti A. Brazil

引用次数: 0

Neurointerventions in Criminal Justice: On the Scope of the Moral Right to Bodily Integrity 刑事司法中的神经干预:论身体完整的精神权利的范围

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09526-1

V. Tesink, T. Douglas, L. Forsberg, S. Ligthart, G. Meynen

引用次数: 1

Brain age Prediction and the Challenge of Biological Concepts of Aging 脑年龄预测和衰老生物学概念的挑战

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09531-4

Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs

引用次数: 0

Addiction and Volitional Abilities: Stakeholders’ Understandings and their Ethical and Practical Implications 成瘾和意志能力:利益相关者的理解及其伦理和实践意义

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09530-5

Marianne Rochette, Matthew Valiquette, Claudia Barned, Eric Racine

引用次数: 0

Potential Consciousness of Human Cerebral Organoids: on Similarity-Based Views in Precautionary Discourse 人脑类器官的潜在意识:预防性话语中的相似性观点

4区哲学

Neuroethics Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2

Sarah Diner

{"title":"Potential Consciousness of Human Cerebral Organoids: on Similarity-Based Views in Precautionary Discourse","authors":"Sarah Diner","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advances in research on human cerebral organoids (HCOs) call for a critical review of current research policies. A challenge for the evaluation of necessary research regulations lies in the severe uncertainty about future trajectories the currently very rudimentary stages of neural cell cultures might take as the technology progresses. To gain insights into organotypic cultures, ethicists, legal scholars, and neuroscientists rely on resemblances to the human brain. They refer to similarities in structural or functional terms that have been established in scientific practice to validate organotypic cultures as models for brain research. In ethical discourse, however, such similarities are also used to justify assumptions about the potential risk to cause harm to HCOs. Ethicists assume that as the technology advances, organotypic cultures will increasingly resemble the human brain, raising more complex ethical issues. I argue that such reasoning is not justified given the heterogeneity of HCOs that have been modified to enable scientists to pursue their research goals. I then discuss the implications this line of thought has for advocates of the precautionary principle, focussing on those suggestions which propose adopting research regulations to the presence of bodily warning signs deemed worthy of protection. In doing so, I illustrate that the prevalent assumptions on similarity in ethical discourse ultimately risk disproportionately restricting research. I conclude that given the severe uncertainty about the technology’s future development, ethical discourse might benefit from narrowing the time frame for anticipation.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1