Shaocheng Pan, Maoliang Li, Weicheng Li, Xiaolong Lin, Yinhe Liu
{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of temperature boosting of hot primary air in an ultra-supercritical lignite-fired power plant: Scheme comparison and performance enhancement","authors":"Shaocheng Pan, Maoliang Li, Weicheng Li, Xiaolong Lin, Yinhe Liu","doi":"10.1002/apj.3093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lignite-fired boilers usually encounter the insufficient drying capacity of the pulverizer due to the inherent drawback of high moisture content in fuel. In this study, four schemes of heat sources for temperature boosting of hot primary air are proposed for an ultra-supercritical large-scale single reheat lignite-fired power plant according to heat sources such as inlet flue gas of air preheater (Scheme 1), the third stage extraction steam (Scheme 2), outlet steam of low-temperature reheater (Scheme 3), and inlet flue gas of economizer (Scheme 4). The thermodynamic system models are built by using EBSILON Professional software. The thermodynamic performance of the four schemes is analyzed and compared from the perspectives of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. First law analysis indicates that the power generation standard coal consumption of Scheme 3 is reduced by 0.87, 0.42, and 0.04 g·kW<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> compared with Schemes 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Second law analysis indicates that the exergy loss of Schemes 2–4 is 3.7, 7.6, and 7.5 MW lower than that of Scheme 1. The present study may provide guidance for the energy efficiency improvement of lignite-fired power plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiu Li Zhang, Jun Yi Li, Hai Xuan Wang, Jun Li Liu, Jun Zhou
{"title":"Kinetics of pyrolysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling of low metamorphic coal","authors":"Qiu Li Zhang, Jun Yi Li, Hai Xuan Wang, Jun Li Liu, Jun Zhou","doi":"10.1002/apj.3095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the low-temperature pyrolysis kinetic of low metamorphic grade coal from Northern Shaanxi, utilizing Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the characteristics of various functional groups over a 293–1023 K temperature range. A kinetic model, correlating with the pyrolysis behaviors of these groups, was developed through thermal analysis kinetics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology simulated the furnace's flow dynamics, allowing an examination of the physical field alterations and functional group evolution during pyrolysis. Results showed that the pyrolysis kinetic functions for aromatic C–H, C=C, C–O, and •OH, along with temperature, pressure, and velocity fields, were successfully integrated into the simulation. This integration provided detailed insights into the temperature profile, pressure distribution, flow velocities, and functional group distribution in the furnace. Aliphatics, exhibiting the largest mass fraction and wide pyrolysis temperature range, and •OH radicals with the highest activation energy were concentrated in the furnace's pyrolysis zone center. C=C's distribution was influenced by aromatic C–H and aliphatics, showing a complementary pattern. The oxygen-containing groups C–O and C=O had similar pyrolysis mechanisms and uniform distribution. The functional groups' mass fractions were ranked from highest to lowest as follows: aliphatics > •OH > aromatic C–H > C–O > C=C > C=O.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haopeng Wang, Shanshan Deng, Shuguang Ti, Haoze Jin, Zhi Yang, Ke Gao, Xuehong Wu, Shengyong Liu, Jingxue An, Ranran Sheng
{"title":"Experimental combustion characteristics and NOx emissions for a 600-MWe utility boiler after the retrofitted: Effects of load variation","authors":"Haopeng Wang, Shanshan Deng, Shuguang Ti, Haoze Jin, Zhi Yang, Ke Gao, Xuehong Wu, Shengyong Liu, Jingxue An, Ranran Sheng","doi":"10.1002/apj.3092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance the rapid switching ability of the boiler load and reduce NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions, a new combustion system was implemented in a 600-MWe wall-fired boiler with swirl burners. This system included two levels of overfire air (OFA) and low NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> combustion technology. Industrial tests were conducted at 300-, 450-, and 600-MWe loads before and after the retrofitted. These tests included measuring flue gas and furnace temperatures with thermocouples and analyzing local gas concentrations using a gas analyzer. The research results indicate that under conditions where the OFA ratio exceeds 30%, the burner exhibits good ignition performance at different loads. At the 600-MWe load, the nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) emissions were reduced by 55% compared to before the retrofit. After the retrofit, the flame center inside the furnace of different loads was located at the height of 33.36 m, the first and second-stage cooling water quantities were slightly higher, the reheat cooling water quantity was greatly reduced after the retrofit, and contributes to the boiler's safe operation. Under different load conditions after the retrofit, the gas temperature near the sidewall was below 850°C, and the O<sub>2</sub> concentration near the sidewall was above 5%, effectively suppressing sidewall high-temperature corrosion and slagging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad, Shaan Bibi Jaffri, Bhumikaben Makawana, Ram K. Gupta, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, Nouf H. Alotaibi
{"title":"Supercapacitor performance enhancement with the BaS3:Cu2S:Mn2S trichalcogenide semiconductor synthesized via dithiocarbamate precursors","authors":"Khuram Shahzad Ahmad, Shaan Bibi Jaffri, Bhumikaben Makawana, Ram K. Gupta, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, Nouf H. Alotaibi","doi":"10.1002/apj.3096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to its potential uses, including e-vehicles, electrochemical energy storage has attracted a lot of interest from the scientific community and energy stakeholders. With the usage of the novel semiconductor chalcogenide BaS<sub>3</sub>:Cu<sub>2</sub>S:Mn<sub>2</sub>S, which is synthesized by chelating with diethyldithiocarbamate ligand, the current work seeks to enhance the performance of charge-storage devices. An energy band gap of 2.57 eV was found for this semiconductor, which showed remarkable photoactivity. The chalcogenide that was produced had favorable crystallinity, with an average crystallite size of 26.92 nm and mixed crystalline phases. Additionally, metallic sulfide linkages were identified using infrared spectroscopy, and they were reported to range from 400 to 845 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Thermal breakdown in two steps was verified using thermogravimetric analysis. Particles with different forms and a rod-like fusion suggested a higher volume–surface area ratio and many locations. The electrochemical performance of the BaS<sub>3</sub>:Cu<sub>2</sub>S:Mn<sub>2</sub>S was evaluated using a traditional three-electrode setup with a background electrolyte of 1-M KOH. BaS<sub>3</sub>:Cu<sub>2</sub>S:Mn<sub>2</sub>S is a great electrode material for energy storage applications, with a specific power density of 10 618 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and a specific capacitance of up to 694 F g<sup>−1</sup>. The same series resistance (<i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) = 0.46 Ω further supported this remarkable electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Zhang, Zhexuan Jiang, Wenhao Hou, Aibo Jian, Yaxia Li, Zhiguo Tian, Bin Gong
{"title":"Effect of concave-wall jets with circumferential multi-inlet on liquid–solid separation","authors":"Jing Zhang, Zhexuan Jiang, Wenhao Hou, Aibo Jian, Yaxia Li, Zhiguo Tian, Bin Gong","doi":"10.1002/apj.3090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study combined numerical simulation and experiment to explore the influence of the concave-wall jets with uniformly distributed tangential inlets in the cyclone separator on the liquid–solid separation characteristics and equipment. The results show that as the number of tangential inlets increases, the superposition effect of particle trajectories and flow fields becomes more significant. The superimposed flow field enhances the circumferential flow velocity of the fluid, causing the distribution of the jet along the radial and spanwise directions to shrink, greatly improving the uniformity of particle distribution and turbulent kinetic energy along the circumference, and effectively reducing the impact of particles on local areas near the jet inlet. Since the superposition of circumferential multi-inlet jets enhances the swirling flow, the local disturbance and wall erosion effects near the jet inlet were reduced. Compared with double inlets, the flow rates of three inlets and four inlets were increased by 50% and 100%, respectively, the maximum turbulent kinetic energy increased by 14.5% and 56.2%, and the maximum escape time of particles was shortened by 3.2 and 3.3 s, respectively, the maximum erosion rates were reduced by 38.4% and 23.6%, respectively, and the separation efficiency and material handling capacity were significantly improved. This study supplemented the theory of concave-wall jets' superposition characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for applying circumferential multi-inlet devices in liquid–solid separation equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepshikha Datta, Sampurna Santra, Sayantan Sarkar, Bimal Das
{"title":"Role of extracted nanosilica from rice husk on the structure, property and biodegradability of low density polyethylene/starch biodegradable film","authors":"Deepshikha Datta, Sampurna Santra, Sayantan Sarkar, Bimal Das","doi":"10.1002/apj.3087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starch blended low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been extensively used to produce packaging film, but it has very low mechanical properties. This work emphasises the extraction of nanosilica from rice husk as a property-enhancing filler for producing high-quality packaging material. Nanosilica (200 nm) was obtained by chemical treatment followed by further size reduction through cryomill. The obtained nanomaterial was found to have a high surface area (189.64 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore volume (.462 cc/g) with high compatibility with the other materials in the matrix. The SEM and TEM analysis indicates the uniformity in particle size of the nanomaterial with an agglomerating tendency. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis reveals that the obtained material is amorphous in nature. The nanomaterial is dispersed in various proportions in LDPE/starch matrix, and it is observed that the highest tensile strength (9.62 MPa) can be obtained at 1.5% nanosilica content in the matrix. A continuous increase in Young's modulus and stiffness from 372.3 to 440.12 MPa and 20 243.2 to 28 559.42 N/m, respectively, when 1.5% of nanosilica is dispersed in the biodegradable matrix. Garden soil was a better degrading medium for the sample containing 20% of starch with weight loss of 10.32% and reduction of tensile strength and tear strength values to 5.987 MPa and 99.165 N/mm respectively, in 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xia Lu, Xiuqing Lu, Kai Yang, Xiaotao Zheng, Shixian Wang
{"title":"Experimental study on the effect of circulating liquid velocity on bubble size distribution and turbulence characteristic in an external loop airlift reactor","authors":"Xia Lu, Xiuqing Lu, Kai Yang, Xiaotao Zheng, Shixian Wang","doi":"10.1002/apj.3083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of circulating liquid velocity on bubble size distribution (BSD) and turbulence characteristics of an external loop airlift reactor was studied in this paper. The instantaneous and time-averaged velocity in the riser were studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), and BSDs were measured by digital image analysis technique based on machine learning. Then turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and energy dissipation rate (EDR) were calculated through the velocity field. The results indicate that as the circulating liquid velocity increased, the peak value of BSD rapidly decreased from nearly 6 mm to approximately 2 mm. The radial velocity of the liquid gradually decreased and changed direction, eventually increasing again. TKE first decreased and then increased. Compared with bubble flow with a BSD peak of 2–6 mm, bubble flow with a BSD peak of 2 mm had larger TKE. The radial movement of bubbles had great influence on the turbulence characteristics. This study demonstrates that selecting an appropriate circulating liquid velocity can reduce the diameter of bubbles while obtaining greater TKE, thereby improving the mass transfer and reaction efficiency in external loop airlift reactors (EL-ALR).</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thuan Duc Mai, Emese Sebe, Tamás Koós, András Arnold Kállay
{"title":"The multi-stage gasification process of low-rank coal samples from gravity separation process","authors":"Thuan Duc Mai, Emese Sebe, Tamás Koós, András Arnold Kállay","doi":"10.1002/apj.3089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The separation process is a well-established method for beneficiation technologies of low-rank coal, especially in the case of utilization in the thermochemical processes. In this study, three coal samples, including the original low-rank coal sample and two coal samples (C1 and C2) from the gravity separation process of the original coal sample, were gasified in a multi-stage gasification process at the gasification temperature of 900°C and the steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio of 1.00 and 1.25. The separation process led to a significant improvement in the quality of coal samples. This improvement is particularly characterized by a higher carbon and volatile fractions and a lower ash content compared with the original coal. This could be the main reason for the higher gasification performance in the case of the experiment of C1 and C2 coal samples. The volume of syngas obtained from gasification experiments of C1 and C2 samples increased between 1.3 and 1.5 times that of the original coal sample. At all S/C ratios and 900°C, the gasification experiment of the C2 sample produced the highest produced gas yield followed by the gasification experiment of the C1 sample. From the chemical point of view, the produced gas had an H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio close to the desired ratio of 2.00, which is suitable for chemical synthesis processes. In the case of C1 sample experiments, the H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios were 2.11 and 2.18 at S/C ratios of 1.00 and 1.25, respectively. For the experiments of the C2 sample, the H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio reached 1.88 and 2.00 at S/C ratios of 1.00 and 1.25, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Syuhada Mohd Ali, Intan Suhairi Salleh, Nurul Sulaiha Sulaiman, Tengku Zulaikha Malim-Busu, Hishamuddin Jamaluddin, Mohd Fauzi Othman, Shahrum Shah Abdullah, Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof
{"title":"Degumming and bleaching process troubleshooting in a palm oil refining process using fuzzy expert system with thematic analysis","authors":"Nur Syuhada Mohd Ali, Intan Suhairi Salleh, Nurul Sulaiha Sulaiman, Tengku Zulaikha Malim-Busu, Hishamuddin Jamaluddin, Mohd Fauzi Othman, Shahrum Shah Abdullah, Khairiyah Mohd-Yusof","doi":"10.1002/apj.3084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Degumming and bleaching are critical steps in the palm oil refining process, as they are the precursors to the qualities of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil. In practice, plant operators often face oil rejections in these processes and solve the problem by trial and error. Hence, a fuzzy expert system is developed to troubleshoot the degumming and bleaching process, for identifying failures and suggesting actions. However, developing the knowledge base and inference engine in the fuzzy expert system for troubleshooting the degumming and bleaching process is challenging because the data in the actual palm oil refining process are poorly documented and must be obtained from various sources, including field observation, document analysis, and interviews, and need to be analyzed using thematic analysis. The results from the thematic analysis were represented as input and output variables of the fuzzy expert system. The developed fuzzy expert system is tested and validated against different data sets and industrial data to identify faults and suggest necessary actions. To evaluate the robustness of the troubleshooting system, the membership functions of the fuzzy expert system are adjusted based on the distributed control system (DCS). The results show that the troubleshooting system can effectively diagnose potential faults and provide necessary actions and can serve as a useful guidance for failures in the degumming and bleaching process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural elucidation of ternary mixtures of L-valine/glycyl-L-valine and water + 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: Apparent molar properties at infinite dilution and expansivities","authors":"Ravinder Sharma, Indra Bahadur, Lebogang Katata-Seru, Faruq Mohammad, Shailendra Kumar Singh, Prashant Singh, Vibha Kumar","doi":"10.1002/apj.3086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apj.3086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work comprises ternary systems of water + SAIL,1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and (S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid generally identified as L-valine/ (S)-2-(2-Aminoacetamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid usually described as glycyl-L-valine, densities, and sound speed data have been computed at four operating temperatures, i.e., 288.15 to 318.15 K. Calculated density data have utilized for calculation of various thermodynamic parameters like <i>V</i><sub><i>ϕ</i></sub> (apparent molar volume), \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>ϕ</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msubsup></math> (apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution), and calculated speed of sound statistics used to determine <i>K</i><sub><i>ϕ,s</i></sub> (apparent molar isentropic compression), <i>K</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> (partial molar isentropic compression at infinite dilution). In our systems, the hydrophilic-ionic interactions that are produced by co-sphere overlap models are predominant. The Hepler's constant is used to analyze the solute's capacity to create or destroy solvent structures. The interaction parameter is computed using the McMillan-Mayer theory. Understanding structure-making, solvation characteristics, and numerous modifications in the ternary system of L-valine/Glycyl-L-valine, water, and [C<sub>10</sub>MIm] [Br] is aided by a variety of thermodynamic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apj.3086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}