Sarat Chandra Arja, Gangabadage Kushantha Nadeera, Kolli Harsha Vardhan, A. Ajayraj, Vishal B. Upare, Amala Joy, Anjana P. Anantharaman
{"title":"Repurposing Plastic Waste Into Chemically Activated Carbon as Functional Adsorbents: Kinetic Analysis for Phenol Degradation and Methylene Blue Adsorption","authors":"Sarat Chandra Arja, Gangabadage Kushantha Nadeera, Kolli Harsha Vardhan, A. Ajayraj, Vishal B. Upare, Amala Joy, Anjana P. Anantharaman","doi":"10.1002/apj.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the conversion of plastic into NaOH and HNO<sub>3</sub> activated carbon (NH<span></span>AC and HN<span></span>AC) and ceria-impregnated activated carbon prepared using microwave and hydrothermal methods (Ce-M + AC and Ce-H + AC) for environmental applications. The focus is on the catalytic oxidation of phenolic compounds and adsorption of methylene blue dye. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups critical for adsorption. SEM and BET analyses revealed that HN<span></span>AC had the lowest surface area (0.735 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and largest particle size (88.64 μm), and Ce-H + AC shows the highest surface area (442.71 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and smallest particle size (14.73 μm). In catalytic wet oxidation of phenol, Ce-H + AC achieved a degradation efficiency of 99.6% due to better surface properties and metal functionality; however, HN<span></span>AC (97.65%) was less effective due to its limited surface properties. In the case of methylene blue adsorption, Ce-H + AC shows again the highest performance with 99.92% adsorption, and HN<span></span>AC shows the lowest adsorption performance with 14.54% adsorption. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo–second-order model, with most samples showing high R<sup>2</sup> values, except the HN<span></span>AC sample. This research highlights the potential of repurposing plastic waste into effective adsorbents for environmental remediation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divyesh Raninga, T. K. Radhakrishnan, Kirubakaran Velswamy
{"title":"Optimal Linearization–Based Computationally Proficient Predictive Control of MIMO Nonlinear System Using Least Square Support Vector Machine","authors":"Divyesh Raninga, T. K. Radhakrishnan, Kirubakaran Velswamy","doi":"10.1002/apj.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, the concept of optimal linearization is explored to develop computationally proficient model predictive control (MPC) algorithms for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear processes. The algorithms use Laguerre filters and pruned least square support vector machine (LSSVM)–based Wiener model for predictions. Taylor's series–based model linearization is predominantly used to improve the computational efficiency of nonlinear MPCs. This approach gives good control performance at many times. However, certain processes exhibit significant nonlinearity and experience large set point variations. In such cases, the closed-loop control accuracy obtained through above (Taylor's series based) approach is very poor and demands an alternative solution. In this paper, instead of Taylor series–based linearization, an optimization-based solution is derived to determine linearizing coefficients' matrix. Based on the optimally linearized model, a classical MPC and explicit MPC algorithms are proposed. The proposed algorithms are tested for the multivariable control of polymerization reactor. The optimal linearization–based proposed explicit algorithm is found to be 6.25 times computationally faster than the nonlinear MPC. When compared with Taylor series linearization–based MPC, the proposed algorithm provides 3 times (for monomer concentration) and 15 times (for reactor temperature) better control accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Self-Solidifying Polymeric Ionic Liquid via Phenolic Condensation as Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production","authors":"Xueqiang Shao, Changyu Fu, Yujing Zhang, Jinyi Chen, Jinbei Yang, Zhongliang Yao","doi":"10.1002/apj.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel self-solidifying polymeric ionic liquid (P-[DMT-PS][PHSA]) was synthesized via phenolic condensation and applied as a recyclable acidic catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst demonstrated high acidity (4.68 mmol/g), excellent thermal stability, and effective catalytic performance, achieving 98.19% oleic acid conversion under optimized conditions. Notably, P-[DMT-PS][PHSA] is soluble during the esterification, allowing it to act as a homogeneous catalyst, and re-precipitates upon methanol evaporation for easy recovery. Even after 10 cycles, the catalyst maintained 97.0% oleic acid conversion, highlighting its stability and reusability. Additionally, P-[DMT-PS][PHSA] exhibits remarkable substrate adaptability, effectively catalyzing the esterification of a range of substrates. This study presents a simple and mild synthesis method for polymeric ionic liquids and showcases P-[DMT-PS][PHSA] as a promising alternative to conventional catalysts for biodiesel production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Simulation on HCl Removal in Coal-Fired Flue Gas by Dechlorination Adsorbent Injection","authors":"Yanjun Zuo, Haiyang Li, Xiaoshuo Liu, Yuqing Wang, Yufeng Duan","doi":"10.1002/apj.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The injection of dechlorination adsorbents into the flue gas of coal-fired power plants is a reliable and effective method for mitigating the enrichment of Cl ions in wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems for the purpose of reducing desulfurization wastewater generation and discharge. However, the flue gas dechlorination efficiency varies depending on both the performance of the dechlorination adsorbent and the arrangement of the injection apparatus. This work focuses on the optimization of injection parameters for flue gas HCl removal of a 300-MW coal-fired power plant, utilizing a high-performance ethanol-hydrated CaO dechlorination adsorbent. A detailed evaluation of critical parameters, including injection velocity, injection height, and the Ca/Cl molar ratio, was conducted to elucidate their impacts on HCl removal efficiency. The results suggest that the Ca/Cl molar ratio is the most fundamental influencing factor. The injection velocity can alter the uniformity and spatial coverage of the dechlorination adsorbent. The injection height changes residence time, thus significantly affecting the dechlorination efficiency. The optimization strategy based on the CFD simulation provides a solid foundation and guidance for the industry application of the coal-fired flue gas HCl removal technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leakage Characteristics of Hydrogen Gas Carrying Alkaline Solution","authors":"Wen Feng, Xiaojun Qiu, Xiangbin Li, Jiancheng Lin, Tie Ma, Xuefeng Lyu, Shucheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/apj.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrogen energy, as a green and clean energy source of the 21st century, boasts numerous advantages including excellent combustion performance, no pollution, diverse storage methods, and significant development potential. However, the safety risks associated with hydrogen's combustibility and explosive nature cannot be overlooked. Hydrogen leaks during production and storage pose a serious threat when encountered with an ignition source. To gain a deeper understanding of hydrogen leakage patterns, hydrogen leakage accidents involving alkaline liquid entrainment in typical scenarios of hydrogen production are simulated using the CFD program and analyzed in conjunction with jet theory. The results indicate that the impact of alkaline liquid on hydrogen leakage is primarily in dilution and promotion of dispersion. The concentration of pure hydrogen leakage is generally higher than that of leakage involving alkaline liquid. Under the same break velocity, the range of the combustible zone for leakage involving alkaline liquid is consistent with pure hydrogen leakage in the vertical direction, yet significantly larger in the horizontal direction. Hydrogen leakage involving alkaline liquid also exhibits distinctly different flow patterns at various flow rates. At higher velocities, the overall characteristics are dominated by the momentum jet of hydrogen, presenting a positive buoyant jet flow pattern, whereas at lower velocities, the scenario is dominated by the alkaline liquid, exhibiting a negative buoyant jet flow. The characteristic effects of alkaline liquid on hydrogen also vary with changes in velocity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pollutant Dispersion With Multiple Release Sources Under Intermittent Ventilation Modes in Industrial Plants","authors":"Lingyan Cheng, Zhan Liu, Xin Yin","doi":"10.1002/apj.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depth understanding on the pollutant dispersion mechanism in large scale industrial buildings is significant for improving the air quality and supplying technique references on ventilation system design. Although a large amount of researches on ventilation system have been conducted, the effect of the intermittent ventilation mode on the pollutant diffusion with multiple release sources is still unclear. In the present study, the dispersion performance of hydrogen sulfide in an actual rubber processing plant was comprehensively investigated by model test and numerical simulation. The hybrid natural ventilation with mechanical exhaust was designed and used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. A model test rig was established to measure the pollutant distribution in a transparent glass chamber with substitutive fluid sulfur hexafluoride. The numerical model of pollutant dispersion was built with considerations of temperature stratification and concentration diffusion. Compared against the test data, the prediction deviation of the numerical model was limited within 10%. The influence of the intermittent ventilation modes on the hydrogen sulfide dispersion was investigated and analyzed in detail. Some findings were obtained finally. This study could enrich the ventilation design on hydrogen sulfide dispersion in actual industrial plants and may supply some new insights on the dispersion mechanism of pollutants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zulfiqar Ali, Long-peng Fang, Huai-de Sun, Yang-wen Wu, Manoj Kumar Panjwani, Khawaja Haider Ali, Ji Liu, Qiang Lu
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of K Species on V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst: A DFT-Supported Comparative Analysis of Poisoning Methods","authors":"Zulfiqar Ali, Long-peng Fang, Huai-de Sun, Yang-wen Wu, Manoj Kumar Panjwani, Khawaja Haider Ali, Ji Liu, Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1002/apj.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The deactivation of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (V-W/TiO<sub>2</sub>) catalysts in NH<sub>3</sub>-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) due to potassium (K) species from coal-fired power plant emissions has garnered significant attention, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores these deactivation mechanisms by introducing K poisoning through incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and solid-state diffusion methods. Comprehensive analyses, including characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, revealed that increased KCl loading and longer diffusion times of calcination significantly reduce the catalyst's denitration activity. The interaction of KCl with the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> component leads to a reduction in surface acidity and promotes K<sub>2</sub>O formation, which causes agglomeration on catalyst surface and reduces the surface area. Both methods of poisoning also diminish the redox properties of the catalyst due to an increased presence of low-valent vanadium (V<sup>4+</sup>, V<sup>3+</sup>) species. These results provide a detailed understanding of the deactivation process, offering a foundation for developing strategies to enhance the alkali metal poisoning resistance of commercial SCR catalysts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiangyi Tong, Haiyang Li, Rui Jin, Xiaoshuo Liu, Haitao Hu, Yufeng Duan, Xiuyuan Ma, Li Zhong, Lipeng Han
{"title":"KCl Supported by γ-Al2O3 for Selective Adsorption of Gaseous Oxidized Mercury: Flue Gas Influence and Application","authors":"Jiangyi Tong, Haiyang Li, Rui Jin, Xiaoshuo Liu, Haitao Hu, Yufeng Duan, Xiuyuan Ma, Li Zhong, Lipeng Han","doi":"10.1002/apj.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The KCl supported by γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for selective adsorption of gaseous HgCl<sub>2</sub> has demonstrated high selectivity and adsorption capacity, which is crucial for mercury speciation partitioning from flue gas. However, its influence and stability in complex flue gas remains uncertain. Therefore, this paper explores the impact of common flue gas components (HCl, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, NO, O<sub>2</sub>) on the adsorption process and elucidates the underlying mechanisms from experiment and DFT view. The experimental results demonstrate that the HgCl<sub>2</sub> breakthrough rate increases significantly from 2.119% to 17.921% as the concentration of HCl rises from 0 to 200 ppm. Comparatively, the HgCl<sub>2</sub> breakthrough rate affected by SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O is less than 8%, weakly reducing the adsorption efficiency of HgCl<sub>2</sub>, and that by CO<sub>2</sub>, NO, and O<sub>2</sub> is less than 5%, showing negligible effects on the HgCl<sub>2</sub> adsorption efficiency. The DFT indicates that HCl competes with HgCl<sub>2</sub> at the Top-Cl site in KCl, thereby reducing the adsorption efficiency of HgCl<sub>2</sub>, with the adsorption energy decreasing from −87.11 to −43.39 kJ/mol. In contrast, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exhibit relatively weak interactions with Top-Cl site of KCl, which exerts little influence on HgCl<sub>2</sub> adsorption. The 100-h running in low-concentration simulated flue gas test in laboratory and on-site test in coal-fired flue gas demonstrate that the KCl/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> achieves a very low HgCl<sub>2</sub> breakthrough rate of less than 10%, highlighting its superior interference immunity for the complex flue gas components and strong suitability and stability for industrial applications. This study provides solid evidence to support the industrial application of KCl/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for highly selective adsorption of gaseous HgCl<sub>2</sub> in coal-fired power plant.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of Mesocarbon Microbeads (MCMBs) by the Copolycondensation of High-Temperature Coal Tar Pitch and Ethylene Tar Pitch","authors":"Yu Tianao, Fang Yilin, Zhu Yaming, Cheng Junxia, Wang Ying, Zhao Xuefei","doi":"10.1002/apj.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) are a kind of typical spherical functional synthetic carbon materials widely used in various fields. However, MCMBs produced through thermal polycondensation using high coal tar pitch exhibit certain defects that limit their further development. These include challenges in controlling particle size, low yield, and difficulties in regulating their internal microstructure and surface morphology. In this study, MCMBs were prepared via the copolycondensation of high-temperature coal tar pitch (HCTP) and ethylene tar pitch (ETP). The effect of ETP addition on the formation process, microstructure, and electrochemical properties of the resulting MCMBs was investigated. Polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to analyze the MCMBs. The addition of ETP was found to modify the molecular structure of the blended pitch and promote the formation of MCMBs during the copolymerization process. Furthermore, the MCMBs obtained via this method exhibited excellent sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, reduced structural defects, and lower charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i><sub>ct</sub>). Notably, when the ETP content was 7%, the MCMBs achieved an average particle size of 19.65 μm, a particle size uniformity index (<i>U</i>) of 1.12, and the lowest charge transfer resistance of 2.947 Ω after carbonization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahab Ghalehkhondabi, Alireza Fazlali, Ali Sadeghi, Abbas Hekmatiyan
{"title":"Thermo-Rheological Performance Evaluation of GNPs-WO3/Engine Oil Hybrid Nanofluids During Laminar Flow Inside a Horizontal Tube","authors":"Vahab Ghalehkhondabi, Alireza Fazlali, Ali Sadeghi, Abbas Hekmatiyan","doi":"10.1002/apj.3192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.3192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, to improve the rheological behavior and heat transfer characteristics of engine oil, nanolubricants were prepared by suspension of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) (2–8 nm) and tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) (23–65 nm) in working fluid using a two-step approach. The nanoengine oil had good stability and dispersibility without agglomeration phenomenon. The influences of adding NPs to the base fluid on the dynamic viscosity and shear stress for different shear rates at room temperature were studied. The nanofluid viscosity increased with the increase of the weight fraction of NPs, and the same concentration decreased with the increase in shear rate. Three theoretical models have been developed for predicting the rheological behavior of nanofluids. The curve fitting of the shear stress–shear rate shows that the relationship between them is linear at all weight fractions of NPs, so the nanofluids have Newtonian behavior. The effects of Reynolds number and NPs weight fraction (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 wt.%) on the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of GNPs-WO<sub>3</sub>/engine oil hybrid nanofluids in a horizontal circular tube under laminar flow condition were investigated experimentally. The enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number were found to increase concerning NPs weight fraction and Reynolds number up to 140.8% and 95.2%, respectively. According to the features expressed for the proposed hybrid nanofluid, it can be applied in different areas of lubrication and heat transfer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49237,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}