the Indian Journal of Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Ticagrelor-induced acute isolated thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Pawan Poddar, Arvinda Podila, Majed Abdul Basit Momin","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_124_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_124_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticagrelor is an oral antiplatelet drug. The most common ticagrelor side effects include bleeding, dyspnea, bradycardia and in rare cases, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Isolated thrombocytopenia followed by a single-bolus dosage of ticagrelor is extremely uncommon. We encountered a 68-year-old male who had experienced rapid onset of chest pain and sweating for a day. The initial cardiac assessment suggested acute coronary syndrome and other laboratory tests, including a hemogram, were normal. The patient developed severe thrombocytopenia after receiving a loading dose of ticagrelor, despite the fact that no other thrombocytopenia-causing medicines were given to him. After discontinuing ticagrelor, the patient's platelet count gradually recovered with no need for additional transfusions or unnecessary investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"353-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted antibiotic use in the clinical center of montenegro.","authors":"Dzana Lukac, Tanja Vojinovic, Pinaki Dutta, Hasib Lukac, Sanja Medenica, Arshiya Dutta, Mitar Delevic, Sanela Abazovic Hot, Dzihan Abazovic, Jovana Vukovic, Branislava Miljkovic","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_947_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_947_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this century, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a major public health problem, because it is a leading cause of death worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance is caused by the overprescription of antibiotics as well as self-medication. In 2010, antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed medications according to the Montenegrin Institute of Public Health. To reduce side effects, improve treatment efficacy, and prevent AMR, it is necessary to have greater control and help formulating national and international level policies over antibiotic prescription and their use.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This research focuses on the analysis of requests for the dispensing of reserve antibiotics and the justification of their prescription and use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the Clinical Center of Montenegro, 174 requests for restricted antibiotics were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis of 174 requests for restricted antibiotics determined that an antibiogram has been performed in only 21.84% of cases, which means that there were 78.16% of cases of empirical antibiotic use. In 72.25% of cases, restricted antibiotics were included in therapy without prior use of unrestricted antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on data analytics, it can be concluded that using restricted antibiotics in therapy is not completely in line with rational antibiotics implementation. Restricted antibiotics are used without culture sensitivity tests in more than 2/3rd of cases. Similarly, restricted antibiotics were used as first-line therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"338-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series of vildagliptin-associated bullous pemphigoid - Rare side effect.","authors":"Mohit Kumar Shahi, J V Ashwin, Astha Singh, Suvrat Gupta, K Surya","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_522_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_522_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vildagliptin, among the most commonly used, OHA, belongs to group dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, has recently been associated with bullous pemphigoid, characterized by fluid-filled blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes. We report the series of three cases of bullous pemphigoid in patients of diabetes, who developed bullous pemphigoid after vildagliptin use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"350-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic study of the synthetic cannabinoid, 5F-MDMB-PICA, in male Wistar rats.","authors":"Elkhatim Hassan Abdelgadir, Bashayer Mohammed Alharbi, Noor Hassan Dammas, Sachil Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_226_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_226_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research focused on establishing a highly sensitive and reliable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for detecting and quantifying 5F-MDMB-PICA in rat plasma, as well as thoroughly assessing its pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as plasma half-life and volume of distribution.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were orally administered 5F-MDMB-PICA at two concentrations: 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight. Following administration, blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. To optimize analyte recovery and minimize matrix effects, plasma samples were subjected to a dual extraction protocol combining liquid-liquid extraction and protein precipitation. The processed samples were subsequently analyzed using GC-electron ionization/MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytical method was validated in accordance with Food and Drug Administration guidelines, demonstrating excellent selectivity and robust calibration curves over a concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL, exhibiting linearity with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was established at 10 ng/mL. Interassay precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD%), ranged from 2.54% to 3.94%, while interassay accuracy (bias%) was maintained at 9.44% for the analyte. Subsequently, the validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic profiling of 5F-MDMB-PICA in rat plasma. Following oral administration, 5F-MDMB-PICA was rapidly absorbed, with a plasma half-life (t1/2) spanning 14.82-26.16 h. The volume of distribution (Vd) ranged from 86.43 to 205.39 L, and plasma clearance rates were measured between 2.28 and 9.60 L/h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A precise and accurate GC-MS method was successfully developed and validated for the quantification of 5F-MDMB-PICA in rat plasma, enabling comprehensive assessment of its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue distribution. These results provide valuable insights that may enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of 5F-MDMB-PICA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"295-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leprosy research registry a global perspective: Need of hour for a newer vision in India towards zero leprosy.","authors":"Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Krishnapriya Neelambaran, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_574_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_574_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico drug repurposing targeting fusion and nucleoprotein of human metapneumovirus: A step toward pandemic preparedness.","authors":"Harshita Rajput, Gajendra Choudhary, Hadiya Siddiqui, Anushka Ghosh, Manisha Prajapat, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_559_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_559_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen affecting children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised patients. Despite its disease burden, no antiviral treatment has been approved to date.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to identify the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with potential for repurposing against HMPV by targeting its key structural proteins-fusion (F) and nucleoprotein (N).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The crystallographic structures of HMPV fusion (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 5WB0) and nucleoprotein (PDB ID: 5FVD) were retrieved, validated, and subjected to molecular docking. Ligands with favorable binding scores were further evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations and binding-free-energy calculations. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles were predicted to assess their translational viability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the fusion protein, rutin, carbetocin, and acarbose showed strong binding affinities and stable molecular interactions. For the nucleoprotein, mobocertinib, lapatinib, and levetiracetam emerged as top candidates, with mobocertinib showing the most favorable binding energy. Among all, levetiracetam displayed the most drug-like characteristics, including high gastrointestinal absorption, no major cytochrome P450 inhibition, and no violations of Lipinski's rule.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights mobocertinib, rutin, and levetiracetam as promising repurposed drugs against HMPV. While mobocertinib exhibited the strongest predicted binding affinity, levetiracetam demonstrated the best pharmacokinetic profile, making it a particularly viable candidate for further experimental validation. These results validate the usefulness of in silico drug repurposing in addressing unmet antiviral needs and warrant preclinical studies to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"308-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activity of meropenem and sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.","authors":"I Amruthavarshini, Deepashree Rajshekar, Raghavendra Rao, Akshat Mysore Harish","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_635_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_635_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro synergistic effect of meropenem and sulbactam drug combinations through checkerboard assay against Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) to establish potential treatment options.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CRAB was cultured from the clinical samples of Endotracheal aspirate, blood, pus, throat swab, and urine specimens from 80 patients with suspected nosocomial infection in 1 year. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for meropenem and sulbactam drugs individually. Synergism was determined for meropenem + sulbactam combinations using checkerboard assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the 80 CRAB isolates were found to be resistant (>16 MIC) for Meropenem drug and 64 out of 80 showed resistant (>16 MIC) to sulbactam, 14 isolates displayed intermediate (8 MIC), and 2 of them were found to be sensitive (<2 MIC). The checkerboard assay showed 66.25% of synergism between meropenem and sulbactam followed by 25% of additivity and 8.75% of them were found to be indifferent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the current checkerboard assay, we observed potential synergistic activity between meropenem and sulbactam against CRAB isolates which indicates that this combination can be an appealing strategy in the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by CRAB isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"322-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirin for prophylaxis of VTE in patients with Hip/ Knee replacement: Systematic review and Meta-analysis of Non-Randomized studies.","authors":"Raghava Kalyan Maddukuri, Hema Chava, Sri Tejaswi Kondaveeti, Mounika Venkata Mutthineni, Bindu Priyanka Vegesana","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_732_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_732_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Aspirin as an agent for thromboprophylaxis in patients with total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) is gaining a lot of importance owing to its efficacy and safety in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) complications. The current guidelines do not recommend aspirin over other anticoagulants as the data from the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails (RCTs) lacked a significant sample to draw conclusive results. The present study was aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies (NRSs) to determine the effect of aspirin as prophylaxis for VTE. A complete electronic search was conducted at PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar for relevant articles published till March 2021. Any postsurgical VTE event (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) is considered the primary outcome and adverse events as secondary outcomes. Both efficacy and safety outcomes were reported as pooled risk estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) with a level of significance at P < 0.05. A total of 21 studies were identified for the analysis. The overall risk of occurrence of VTE among the patients taking aspirin was not significantly different from anticoagulants (risk ratio [RR]: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.52-1.15). Patients who underwent THR had a higher risk for VTE with aspirin (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.61), whereas the patients who underwent TKR showed a lower risk of VTE with aspirin (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75-0.85). Meta-analysis of NRS advocates the role of aspirin as a prophylactic agent for VTE, especially for patients who are in need for TKR. Further RCTs are required to reestablish the role of aspirin, especially in patients undergoing THR.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"56 6","pages":"420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromoblastomycosis is curable with DAT therapy (debulking, intralesional amphotericin B, oral terbinafine); case series of 16 patients.","authors":"Ranthilaka R Ranawaka, Viharatennegedara Abeywickrama","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_397_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_397_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Once incurable and chronic devastating diseases of chromomycosis is now curable with, debulking, intralesional amphotericin B and oral terbinafine (DAT). Debulking methods ranged from electrocautery to total surgical excision according to the size and the site of the lesion; a diluted solution of 1 mg/mL of amphotericin B (AMB) was injected weekly at the edge of the lesion; and simultaneous treatment with daily 500 mg oral terbinafine. Voriconazole 200 mg twice daily was added in one patient who had infection spread along the right lower limb for more than 20 years. DAT therapy was continued until complete clinical clearance where 14 out of 16 (87.5%) were cured using intralesional AMB 4-8 weeks (mean 5.8, mode 7) and oral terbinafine 6-12 weeks (mean 9.6, mode 12). Two patients who had lesions for 10 years and 20 years had to continue treatments for 14 weeks and 34 weeks, respectively, leaving scarring, chronic lymphedema, or depigmentation to a lesser degree. Early initiation of treatment gives an optimal outcome in a shorter period of time without residual sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"56 6","pages":"437-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of betahistine alone, caroverine alone, and caroverine plus ginkgo biloba in moderate tinnitus.","authors":"Laxmipriya Nayak, Suhasini Dehury, Subhalaxmi Rautray, Lorika Sahu, Debadutta Sahu","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_695_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_695_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tinnitus or \"phantom sound\" continues to be a significant health problem without a uniformly accepted treatment. Numerous pharmaceutical options have been investigated, but satisfactory results are yet to be obtained.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to study and compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of caroverine alone, caroverine combined with ginkgo biloba and betahistine alone in patients of moderate tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective, observational, hospital-based study, wherein 72 patients were distributed equally across three groups - Group A received caroverine 20 mg twice daily, Group B received caroverine 20 mg combined with ginkgo biloba 120 mg twice daily, and Group C received betahistine 8 mg thrice daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy was zanalyzed assessing the changes in tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus functional index (TFI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and pure tone audiometry values from baseline at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The cost-effectiveness analysis was done at the end of 12 weeks zutilizing the incremental costeffectiveness ratio. The Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reduction in the THI, TFI and VAS scores was maximum in Group B followed by Group A and Group C. All the drugs were well-tolerated, and the adverse effects encountered were mild and nonserious. Combination therapy of caroverine with gingkgo biloba was the most expensive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caroverine and ginkgo biloba combination therapy was the most effective in reducing the handicap of moderate tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"56 6","pages":"379-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}