the Indian Journal of Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Repurposing piroxicam for antithrombotic and cardiopulmonary protection: Pharmacological rationale and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Waseem Khalid, Arif-Ullah Khan","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_944_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_944_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research indicates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may interfere in coagulation process and platelet aggregation. However, the potential of piroxicam in thrombotic and cardiopulmonary disorders remained unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To bridge this knowledge gap, the current study was conducted to assess the potential of piroxicam as antithrombotic and cardiopulmonary protective agent using multi-level approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Piroxicam was docked against 16 key proteins involved in thrombotic and cardiopulmonary conditions. Its antiplatelet effect was evaluated by arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation while its effect on coagulation parameters were also evaluated. Cardiopulmonary protective effect in rats was investigated through isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction (MI) and self-embolus induced pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong binding interactions were identified, with docking energies of ≥-9.0 kcal/mol noted for cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, glycopotein-IIb/IIIa, antithrombin-III, COX-2, and nuclear factor Kappa-B (NFkB). Piroxicam significantly inhibited AA and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (IC50: 0.68 and 24.9 μM) and also prolonged the prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, thrombin, and clot lysis time. Piroxicam markedly and in a dose-related manner lowered MI and PE associated serum markers in experimental rats. Piroxicam further safeguarded cardiac and pulmonary tissues from infarction and histopathological injury through the suppression of oxidative imbalance and inflammatory activity. This protective outcome was also due to reduced expression of tissue necrosis factor-α, NFkB, COX-2, NLRP3, and platelet-derived growth factor-β, verified using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate the prophylactic potential of piroxicam in cardiopulmonary thrombotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: The effects of tramadol on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_511_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_511_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in geriatric patients in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Nannuri Vivek Choudary, Sushil Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_924_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_924_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to assess the burden of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among geriatric patients and evaluate the impact of a structured deprescribing approach in these patients.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Elderly outpatients (≥60 years) with polypharmacy were included. Data on prescribed, over-the-counter (OTC), and traditional medicines were collected through a structured questionnaire and detailed patient interviews. Deprescribing was carried out using Sivagnanam G's \"S and S\" approach (Seek, Screen, Save, Sever, Sensitize, and Supervise) adapted from Scott et al.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 385 participants, polypharmacy was prevalent in 182 participants (47.27%) with a mean of 6.5 drugs/prescription. Among participants with polypharmacy, PIMs were noted in 131 (72%) with an average of 1.64 PIMs identified per each inappropriate prescription. PIMs increased with an increase in the number of comorbidities and medication count. A total of 215 PIMs were identified and recommended for deprescribing. These were mainly drugs to be avoided in the elderly (34.88%), OTC PIMs (17.21%), traditional medicines (13.02%), and drug-drug interactions (9.77%). Deprescribing reduced the mean drug count per prescription to 4.86 with a potential to decrease adverse drug reactions by 16.4%, and also lowered daily prescription costs from INR 51.91 to INR 32.70, saving INR 576.42 per patient per month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy and PIMs are widely prevalent among elderly patients, significantly increasing the risk of ADEs. Structured deprescribing effectively reduced medication burden, improved safety, and decreased healthcare costs. These findings highlight the need for routine deprescribing interventions to optimize geriatric medication management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and nongenetic factors affecting vancomycin population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: A systematic review.","authors":"Dimas Adhi Pradana, Erlina Marfianti, Ari Wibowo","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_878_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_878_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Despite frequent vancomycin prescribing, achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes is challenging due to its complex pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Those characteristics are influenced by various parameters, including both genetic and non-genetic variables, rendering accurate dosing and monitoring challenging for clinicians. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, ensuring a standardized and comprehensive approach to the literature search, data extraction, and reporting. We searched the publications for all appropriate evidence on genetic and non-genetic factors affecting vancomycin population PKs and PDs from 2014 to January 2024. This review's initial electronic database search found 1,543 relevant studies. Following the removal of automation-ineligible records and in-depth title relevance screening, the titles and abstracts of 67 publications were examined. After duplicate removal, 50 articles remained, and 23 were ultimately included based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vancomycin exhibits substantial PK and PD variability, and standard dosing often fails to achieve therapeutic targets. Area Under the Curve -guided therapeutic drug monitoring remains the most reliable strategy, while genetic factors appear to play a limited, toxicity-focused role.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic screening for three extracts of two plants using MTT assay and flow cytometric techniques.","authors":"Aimun A E Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_621_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_621_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was set out to screen the cytotoxic activity of three extracts of two plants against three cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxic activity of three extracts of these two plants (Haplophyllum tuberculatum (H) and Sonchus oleraceus L.(S)) was tested against three cell lines: HeLa uterus (H2), A431 skin (A2), and MCF breast (M2) using the MTT assay and the flow cytometric technique in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that similar yield percentages were obtained. Extract fractions from the first plant HF3 exerted high effects (>75%) on the three cell lines. The aqueous extract of HF3 exhibited significant (P < 0.001) cell growth inhibition activities estimated as (inhibitory concentration 50 in m/mL) of (0.73 ± 0.08, 0.7566 ± 0.12, and 0.65 ± 0.04) on the HeLa, A431, and MCF7 cells, respectively, compared to standard doxorubicin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that similar yield percentages were obtained. Plant H exhibited higher activity, especially in its aqueous extract. Isolation, identification of the active (s) compounds, and determination of the mechanism of action were highly required.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacovigilance of paracetamol-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in the Indian population.","authors":"R S Ray, Ayushi Yadav, Shashi Bhushan, Jai Prakash, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_495_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_495_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Despite decades of proven safety of paracetamol, serious and rare reactions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) often occur in the Indian population. The current study aimed to understand the safety profile of this relatively safer drug, paracetamol, with respect to rare and serious adverse events, SJS/TEN, based on data collected from the Indian population through the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The collected, collated and analyzed all Individual Case Safety Reports with the use of paracetamol from the Indian population for the period January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, were reported to VigiBase and analyzed using the WHO database, VigiLyze.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the reported data showed that 313 SJS/TEN adverse events were associated with the use of paracetamol. Disproportionality analysis of paracetamol-induced SJS/TEN reactions in the Indian population using the Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio, and the information component indicated higher risk of paracetamol in the Indian population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings provide crucial insights into the extent of rare and infrequent SJS/TEN associated with the use of paracetamol in the Indian population. Owing to the seriousness of reaction and the widespread use of paracetamol for fever-like illness, the prescribing physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals should closely monitor patients administered paracetamol for this potential rare reaction, SJS/TEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging patterns, impact, and collaborative networks of global scientific output on carrageenan and digestive problems: A bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Fran Espinoza-Carhuancho, Miguel Cabanillas-Lazo, Lucia Quispe-Tasayco, Cesar Mauricio-Vilchez, Arnaldo Munive Degregori, Frank Mayta-Tovalino","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_457_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_457_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to analyze the current trends and spatiotemporal dynamics of research on carrageenan and digestive problems through a bibliometric study from 2019 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The literature published on carrageenan and digestive issues from the period of January 2019 until July 2024 was examined using an observational and descriptive approach. The use of a quantitative approach was made in relation to authorship distribution and collaboration, country collaboration, and the evolution of themes. A search of the Scopus database was conducted with different keywords of \"Carrageenan\" and \"Digestive problems.\" Analysis and visualization of the data were done with the use of SciVal and RStudio software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2019 and 2024, a significant increase in publication activity occurred, with associated variations in publication types and pronounced growth in international collaboration. In regard to scientific production, there was an average year-on-year increase of 18.98%, with an average age of the papers of 3.2 years and an average of 15.72 citations per article. A total of 889 authors produced the articles, with an average of 6.71 co-authors per paper and 21.33% international collaborations. Notable institutions producing articles include the Ocean University of China, which produced seven articles, and Jimei University, which produced five articles. The scientific production was highest in China (40), followed by Brazil and Japan, and while most authors contributed a single article, there was a lack of equal scientific productivity accumulated in the articles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight both the importance and the need to investigate carrageenan and its impact on digestive issues that might yield exciting avenues of research. The number of publications being produced regarding this foundational aspect of research continues to be relevant. The examination of literature also illustrated the key role of international collaborations and changing research agendas in dealing with the challenges related to digestive problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After the green light: Evaluating drugs in Phase IV studies.","authors":"Bikash Ranjan Meher, Archana Mishra","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_427_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_427_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The drug development process is lengthy and complex and Phase IV is a crucial phase within it. Phase IV studies are conducted after a drug has been approved by regulatory agencies to further evaluate its safety, efficacy, usefulness in special populations, new indications, and new formulations. There are many examples of Phase IV studies; not all Phase IV studies are postmarketing surveillance (PMS) studies, but every PMS study is an example of a Phase IV study. Phase IV studies are imperative as they evaluate the drug's effectiveness and performance in real-world clinical practice and premarketing trials have some inherent limitations. Phase IV studies can be observational or interventional studies, depending on the objectives of such studies. A drug utilization study is a Phase IV study; similarly, a registry is also an example of a Phase IV study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceutical market in India: Thoughts on a right-based regulatory approach.","authors":"G Haripriya, P C Harigovind, Uma V Sankar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_862_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_862_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The nutraceuticals industry in India has witnessed strong growth, expanding at a CAGR of ~12%-15% in recent years (2020-2023), driven by rising health awareness, increasing disposable incomes, and demand for preventive healthcare. The market, valued at $8-10 billion in 2023, is expected to reach $18-20 billion by 2027, fueled by trends like immunity-boosting supplements, functional foods, and e-commerce penetration. However, the regulatory framework governing this sector remains complex. Nutraceuticals, which fall between food and pharmaceuticals, pose unique challenges regarding their quality, safety and effectiveness. In India, nutraceutical products are categorized as foods and are regulated by the Food Safety and Standards (FSS) Act, 2006. The FSS Authority of India is the primary regulatory body responsible for monitoring the manufacturing and marketing of nutraceuticals in India. Regardless of these efforts, there exists an uncertainty regarding the categorization of nutraceuticals. The main reason is with respect to their therapeutic effect and the form in which they are sold in the market. It closely resembles pharmaceutical products. With the global expansion of these products, it is imperative to ensure their quality and safety. This article critically analyses the current regulatory framework for nutraceuticals in India and also makes a comparative analysis of the regulation of nutraceuticals in various countries. The article also emphasizes the necessity for more rigorous regulation for the manufacturing and marketing of nutraceuticals to ensure the quality and safety of the products, thereby protecting public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"58 3","pages":"196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis on the surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective general surgery.","authors":"Aayush Lakkanna, Guguloth Rajender, Yashwant Raj Sakaray, Cherring Tandup, Siddhant Khare, Ajay Savlania, Kamal Kajal, Prerna Varma, Ashish Gupta, Lileswar Kaman","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_797_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_797_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgical site infections are one of the major challenges in surgical practice. The antibiotic prophylaxis, though scientific, still lacks clarity on the timing of the administration of the drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interventional study was planned in the Department of General Surgery at PGIMER, Chandigarh. One hundred twenty-seven patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. They were divided into two groups using a table of random numbers into Group A (n = 67) where the drug was administered 0-30 min before incision, and Group B (n = 60) where the drug was injected 30-60 min before incision. Both the surgical team and the investigator for the SSI were blinded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of sex ratio, comorbidities, and the hematological parameters was equal among groups. The mean blood loss, operative times, and the type of surgical procedures were also distributed equally. There was significantly low SSI in Group A (n = 2) versus Group B (n = 8) (P = 0.03). Drains were placed in 41 patients; 9 out of the 10 patients who reported SSI had an intraoperative drain placed. The placement of the drain was significantly associated with SSI (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Administering prophylactic antibiotics within 30 min before the surgical incision is effective. Placement of the Drain must be avoided to prevent SSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49189,"journal":{"name":"the Indian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"57 5","pages":"334-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}