International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Energy and Density in Treating Hypertrophic Scar After Burn in Children with CO₂ Dot Matrix Laser.","authors":"Zhi-Bo Zhang, Zhu-Liang Zhou, Fu-Xi Xing, Yong Li, Xing-Chen Sun, Yu-Ting Zhao, Xiang-Zhou Zhang, Ji-Song Liu","doi":"10.1177/15347346221144152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221144152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze and compare the effect of the combination of energy and density parameters of CO₂ dot matrix laser in the hyperplastic stage of pediatric burn. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 160 pediatric patients with hypertrophic scar after limb burn from 2017 to 2020 were randomly divided into four parameter groups (n = 40). The patients were treated with ablative fraction carbon dioxide laser, once every 10 weeks. During the interval of laser treatment, Compound Heparin Sodium and Allantoin Gel (Contractubex) was applied externally, tid, and elastic cover or elastic bandage is attached to the affected limb. Scoring based on the Vancouver Scar Scale is performed before each laser treatment, The score before the first treatment was the initial score, which was scored by two people separately, and the average score was calculated. Subsequently, the patients were treated four times and scored. The differences between each treatment and the first score of each parameter group were compared. Under the same energy and different treatment density, the scores after each treatment were compared. Under the same density and different energy, the scores after each treatment were compared. The bleeding and pigmentation of each parameter group were compared. <b>Results:</b> The increase of density can show the therapeutic effect earlier than the increase of energy, and 25mj energy and 10% density have better intervention effect. With the course of disease and the progress of treatment, the correlation between intervention effect and parameters tends to weaken. Comparing the number of cases with different scores between each treatment and the first time, the score in the 5% density group was lower than that in the 10% density group, but there was no significant difference between the 25mj and 17.5mj energy levels in the same density group. The intervention effect of the increase of density on scar was better than that of energy, and the increase of energy and density could aggravate the pain. <b>Conclusion:</b> In pediatric burn hypertrophic scars treated by CO₂ dot matrix laser in exfoliation mode, the intervention effect of increasing density is better than that of energy. When setting laser treatment parameters, we should give priority to increasing density and adjust energy according to the effect of treatment and the condition of pain, bleeding and color precipitation. In this study, the best combination of parameters is 17.5mj/10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1068-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10390594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycetoma (Madura foot): A Case Report of a Rare Tropical Disease in Turkey.","authors":"Elif Kuzucular, Abdulkadir Eren, Eray Isik, Ferhat Ozden","doi":"10.1177/15347346231156642","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231156642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycetoma is a chronic discharging infection involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and bone, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. We report a rare case of mycetoma localized on the foot of a patient living in a country with a temperate climate. A 32-year-old male patient presented with painless swelling in the right foot. He had undergone surgery 3 years ago with the same complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 90 × 65 × 37 mm cystic soft tissue lesion in the posterior of the right ankle. Histological analysis identified the fungus. Extensive resection was performed. Mycetoma is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammatory response, often associated with sinus tract formations due to fungal (eumycetoma) or bacterial (actinomycetoma) organisms. Here we provide a literature review and highlight the importance of increasing awareness toward mycetoma, particularly in non-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1261-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10816825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Diabetic Foot Infections and Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Javier Aragón-Sánchez, Gerardo Víquez-Molina, María Eugenia López-Valverde, José María Rojas-Bonilla","doi":"10.1177/15347346231179280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231179280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was significantly higher in patients with severe infections, those with necrosis, and in those requiring admission, postoperative antibiotics, and any amputation. However, SII was significantly lower in patients with osteomyelitis compared to those with soft tissue infections. The correlation coefficients (rho) between SII and other inflammatory markers were as follows: WBC (Moderate correlation, 0.64, <i>P</i> < .001), ESR (Weak correlation, 0.34, <i>P</i> < .001), and CRP (Moderate correlation, 0.56, <i>P</i> < .001). The correlation coefficient (rho) between SII and the number of days admitted was moderate, 0.42 (<i>P</i> < .001). Based on a previous experience, SII may be an additional marker to diagnose osteomyelitis in the feet of patients with diabetes. Now, we need further research including SII, a low-cost and easy-to-measure index, in well-designed controlled studies to definitively clarify its role.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1278-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9615704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) Tool for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among People with Type 2 Diabetes-A Study from South India.","authors":"Vijay Viswanathan, Balkhiwala Ahmed Khan, Sukanya Nachimuthu, Satyavani Kumpatla","doi":"10.1177/15347346231163209","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231163209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the risk factors for foot-related complications among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, we aimed to validate the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) tool against biothesiometer with a cut-off value of ≥25 V and also to determine the cut-off point of MNSI score for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy among people with T2DM in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 people with T2DM in a tertiary care centre for diabetes in Chennai, South India. The eligible study participants underwent testing with a biothesiometer and the MNSI tool was administered. The patient version tool of MNSI was translated to the local language, Tamil. The MNSI scores (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5) were compared with biothesiometer value. For the MNSI scores of less than 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5, sensitivities were 97.6%, 97.6%, 96.8%, and 77.8% and specificities were 76.6%, 77.9%, 85.7%, and 88.3% respectively. The cut-off value of MNSI score was derived as two with AUC of 0.934. The sensitivity was 96.8% and the specificity was 85.7% with 89.6% accuracy. The high sensitivity indicates the positive cases are diagnosed correctly. There is no validated tool available for detection of DPN in Indian population. The Indian version of MNSI tool was found to be effective for screening diabetic neuropathy among people with T2DM. The MNSI tool was found to be reliable, convenient, and non-invasive for diagnosis of DPN and can be used in routine clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1152-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9117074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Implementing a Diabetic Limb-Preservation Program on Amputation Outcomes at an Academic Institution in a Majority-Minority State.","authors":"Eric Lew, Nathaniel Perryman Collins, John Marek, Robert C Schenck, Dustin Richter, Regina Gallegos, Leslie Dunlap, Richard Murdock","doi":"10.1177/15347346231169879","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231169879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background.</i> Diabetic foot osteomyelitis may precede major limb amputations and lengthy hospital admission. These complications impact patients' morbidity and mortality. Healthcare institutions with dedicated limb-preservation teams realize reduced amputation rates and improved quality of care. This study evaluates the outcomes following the implementation of a rigorous diabetic limb-preservation program at an academic institution. <i>Methods.</i> Patients with diabetes admitted for osteomyelitis occurring below the knee were identified by <i>ICD-10</i> codes and included for retrospective review. The number and type of amputations, bone biopsies, revascularizations, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Outcomes were compared using the high-low (Hi-Lo) amputation ratio for the 24 months preceding and the 24 months after the integration of a diabetic limb-preservation service. <i>Results</i>. The authors identified and included 337 patients admitted for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. In the 24-month period prior to program implementation, 140 patients were evaluated. In the 24-month period after program implementation, 197 patients were evaluated. The overall amputation rate decreased from 67.1% (n = 94) to 59.9% (n = 118) (<i>P</i> = .214). Major limb amputation rates significantly decreased from 32.9% (n = 46) to 12.7% (n = 25) (<i>P</i> = .001). Minor amputation rates significantly increased from 34.2% (n = 48) to 47.2% (n = 93) (<i>P</i> = .024). The Hi-Lo amputation ratio decreased from 0.96 to 0.27 (<i>P</i> < .001). The rate of obtaining bone biopsies increased from 32.1% (n = 45) to 72.1% (<i>P</i> < .001). The rate of revascularization increased from 10.7% (n = 15) to 15.2% (n = 30) (<i>P</i> = .299). Average hospital LOS decreased significantly from 11.6 days to 9.8 days (<i>P</i> = .044). <i>Conclusion</i>. After the implementation of a limb-preservation team, there was a precipitous drop in major limb amputations in favor of minor amputations. The average hospital LOS decreased. These findings demonstrated improved clinical care and outcomes in patients with lower extremity osteomyelitis and reinforce the importance of a diabetic foot-preservation service within healthcare institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1179-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9487770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor Regarding \"Methylene Blue Staining and Ultrasonic Debridement: A Superior Therapeutic Strategy for Pressure Ulcer Debridement\".","authors":"Yu-Ren Duan, Xiao-Bing Wang, Bao-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1177/15347346231156010","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231156010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of pressure ulcer is of an extreme clinical and social concern. Effective and thorough debridement lays the foundation for favorable wound healing. Recently, a case report confirmed the efficacy of a combined application of methylene blue staining and ultrasonic debridement for pressure ulcer debridement. A 91-year-old male who suffered from severe pressure ulcers for over 6 years eventually obtained a favorable restoration after receiving surgical debridement optimized with methylene blue staining and ultrasonic debridement. We write to learn more about the details of the case. In this letter, we raised some questions involving the identification capability of methylene blue staining among different tissues, the application of methylene blue staining for various wounds, the arrangement of the debridement liquid, and the management strategy after wound closure. We thank the authors for creating a successful paradigm and hope the discussion can make sense for guiding subsequent clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1274-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10692138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and its Regulation of Autophagy.","authors":"Pengyu Zhao, Guofu Zhou, Jinglun Jiang, Hong Li, Xiaoyan Xiang","doi":"10.1177/15347346221144937","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221144937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Through clinical trials, this study observes the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP) on diabetic foot ulcers and explored the relationship between the relationship between PRP and autophagy. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty patients with diabetic foot ulcer who met the relevant criteria were randomly divided into PRP treatment group and control group. In the PRP treatment group, the formed PRP gel was coated and bandaged on the diabetic foot ulcer wound, and the PRP treatment was repeated on the seventh day. The control group was covered with normal saline sterile gauze. Observe the healing rate of the wound in 7 days, 14 days and 21 days, the pain in 5 consecutive days and the healing time of the wound after treatment, collect wound granulation tissues before and twenty-first days after treatment then detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC-3, P62) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10) in diabetic foot ulcer wound to investigate the potential relationship between PRP treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and autophagy and inflammatory responses. <b>Results:</b> The wound healing rate of diabetic foot ulcer patients in the PRP treatment group was higher than that in the control group on the seventh, 14th and 21st days, the healing time (31.40 ± 4.47) was better than that in the control group (43.20 ± 5.03) days, and the pain improvement was better than that in the control group (<i>P</i> < .05). The results of Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR of autophagy-related proteins (LC-3 and p62) in granulation tissue showed that the values of LC3 and LC3-II/LC3-I and the expression of LC3 gene in wound granulation tissue of PRP group were significantly higher than those before treatment (<i>P</i> < .05). The value and gene expression of P62 protein were lower than those before treatment (<i>P</i> < .05). In the control group, there was no significant difference in LC3 and P62 protein gray level and gene expression before and after treatment (<i>P</i> > .05). The level of autophagy in the wound of PRP group increased after treatment, while there was no statistical significance in the control group. The results of ELISA showed that the concentration of IL-6 in granulation tissue of the PRP treatment group was lower than that before treatment (<i>P</i> < .05), while there was no significant difference in IL-6 in the control group after treatment. The concentration of IL-10 increased in both groups after treatment, but the concentration in PRP group was higher than that in control group (<i>P</i> < .05). <b>Conclusions:</b> This study shows that PRP gel has advantages in accelerating wound healing, relieving pain, shortening healing time and reducing inflammatory response in treating diabetic foot ulcers wound, which may be related to autophagy, and provides new ideas for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old Wine in new Bottles: Silver Sulfadiazine Nanotherapeutics for Burn Wound Management.","authors":"Harshita Abul Barkat, Muhammad Abul Barkat, Raisuddin Ali, Hazrina Hadi, Abdul Razak Kasmuri","doi":"10.1177/15347346231166980","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346231166980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ∼180,000 casualties are recorded every year due to burns, majorly from low- and middle-income countries that require medical attention. For the last 5 decades, silver sulfadiazine (SSD) 1% cream has been the most widely used topical antimicrobial agent for managing burn wound infections. Although SSD is considered the gold standard therapy in burn wound management, however in the last 10 years, several studies have reported the negative impact of SSD on the wound healing process. The therapeutic potential of SSD is restricted by its poor solubility, and antimicrobial action appears only after the dissociation of SSD into silver ions (Ag⁺) and sulfadiazine (SD). Pharmaceutical researchers and industries are looking for alternative strategies to overcome the challenges and limitations of the available SSD formulation due to rising costs, extensive time commitment, and the high risk of failure associated with the de novo development of new antimicrobial drugs. Recent advances in drug delivery systems nanotechnology-based strategies have had a colossal impact on them, particularly in burn wound management. Nanoparticulate systems and nanotools could be considered as potential drug delivery approaches for burn management. This contemporary review provides an abridgment of the literature on advanced SSD nanotherapeutics and their importance in managing burns.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"900-912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9418170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Combination Therapy by Triceps Surae Stretching and Electrical Stimulation to the Tibialis Anterior on Medial Forefoot Plantar Pressure During Gait in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Noriaki Maeshige, Maiki Moriguchi, Miki Fujii, Hoshinori Kanazawa, Yoshiyuki Yoshikawa, Kazuya Kitamura, Fumiya Okuno, Atomu Yamaguchi, Mikiko Uemura, Masashi Hosomi, Kenta Hara, Hiroto Terashi, Hidemi Fujino","doi":"10.1177/15347346221148456","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221148456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High plantar flexor moment and limited ankle mobility are known to cause high plantar pressure under the forefoot. Stretching is an effective physical therapy for the limited ankle range of motion (ROM), and electrical stimulation is used to regulate the activity of antagonistic muscle via the action of reciprocal inhibition. Additionally, stretching paired with electrical stimulation has been reported to improve the limited ROM significantly. This study aims to investigate the influences of stretching on triceps surae (STR), electrical stimulation to tibialis anterior (ES), and the combination (ES+STR) on the ROM, kinematic parameters, and plantar pressure distribution during gait in patients with diabetes mellitus. Planter pressure and other parameters were measured before and after the intervention of ES, STR, ES+STR, or the rest sitting on the bed (CON) for 10 min. Pressure time integral under the medial forefoot decreased in the ES+STR compared to CON (<i>P</i>< .05). Interestingly, ES+STR increased passive and dynamic ROM on ankle dorsiflexion during gait and increased the lateral center of pressure excursion (<i>P</i> < .05). Furthermore, these changes were followed by decreased contact duration under the medial forefoot (<i>P</i> < .05). The combined therapy improves ankle mobility during gait and reduces the contact duration and the plantar pressure under the medial forefoot in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10468665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Citric Acid on the Healing Process of Chronic Wound due to Leprosy.","authors":"Jessica Rodrigues Dos Passos, Carine Teles Sangaleti, Maria Regiane Trincaus, Kelly Holanda Prezotto, Lucas de Oliveira Araújo, Basilio Techy, Tatiane Baratieri, Maicon Henrique Lentsck, Guilherme Ribas Taques, Ricardo Castanho Moreira, Dannyele Cristina da Silva","doi":"10.1177/15347346221147398","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221147398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The aim was to describe the effects of the use of citric acid in the healing process of chronic leprosy wounds. <b>Approach:</b> This is a case series, carried out with 5 people with chronic leprosy wounds, under continuous care in an outpatient center wound care in the center-south region of Brazil. The intervention protocol consisted of topical application of 3% citric acid (ointment), on the wound bed, in a thin layer of approximately 2 mm, on alternate days, and followed up for a total period of 8 weeks and secondary coverage rayon and gauze. The cases were analyzed regarding wound dimensions, histology and clinical observation. <b>Results:</b> It was observed in all cases better aspect of the wound bed, presence of granulation tissue and decrease of the inflammatory process with predominance of lymphocytes, reduction of bacterial colonies, increase and verticalization of type I collagen fibers, reduction of type III collagen and increased areas of epithelialization. <b>Innovation:</b> There was also a reduction in the level of pain and exudation after the treatment protocol. <b>Conclusions:</b> Therefore, the use of citric acid in leprosy neuropathic wounds is promising and may be a treatment option, considering its cost, clinical management and possible effect on the chronic inflammatory process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds","volume":" ","pages":"1094-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10494377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}