Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association最新文献

{"title":"A case study of surface ozone source contributions in the Seoul metropolitan area using the adjoint of CMAQ.","authors":"Arash Kashfi Yeganeh, Mahmoudreza Momeni, Yunsoo Choi, Jincheol Park, Jia Jung","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2361021","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2361021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To quantitatively investigate the transboundary behaviors and source attributions of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and its precursor species over East Asia, we utilize the adjoint technique in the CMAQ modeling system (the CMAQ adjoint). Our focus is on the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in South Korea, which is the receptor region of this study. We examine the contributions of both local and transported emissions to an O<sub>3</sub> exceedance episode observed on June 3, 2019, estimating up to four days in advance. By using the CMAQ adjoint, we can determine the sensitivity of O<sub>3</sub> remaining in the SMA to changes in O<sub>3</sub> precursor emissions (emissions-based sensitivity) and concentrations (concentrations-based sensitivity) along the long-range transport pathways and emission source regions overseas. These include Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Shandong, Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Central China. CMAQ adjoint-derived source attributions suggest that overseas precursor emissions and O<sub>3</sub> contributed significantly to the O<sub>3</sub> exceedance event in SMA. The emissions-based sensitivities revealed that precursor emissions originating from Shandong, YRD, Central China, and BTH contributed 11.42 ppb, 4.28 ppb, 1.24 ppb, 0.9 ppb, respectively, to the O<sub>3</sub> exceedance episode observed in the SMA. Meanwhile, Korean emissions contributed 31.1 ppb. Concentrations-based sensitivities indicated that 19.3 ppb of contributions originated in regions beyond eastern China and directly affected the O<sub>3</sub> level in the SMA in the form of background O<sub>3</sub>. In addition to capturing the transboundary movements of air parcels between the source and receptor regions, we performed HYSPLIT backward trajectory analyses. The results align with the trajectories of O<sub>3</sub> and its precursors that we obtained from the adjoint method. This study represents a unique effort in employing the adjoint technique to examine the impacts of regional O<sub>3</sub> on South Korea, utilizing a combination of emissions-based and concentrations-based sensitivities.<i>Implications</i>: This research brings to light the critical role of both local and regional precursor emissions in contributing to an ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) exceedance event in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea. Utilizing the CMAQ adjoint technique, a novel approach in the context of South Korea's O<sub>3</sub> investigations, we were able to delineate the quantitative contributions of different regions, both within South Korea and from overseas areas such as Beijing, Shandong, Shanghai, and Central China. Importantly, the results underscore the substantial influence of transboundary pollutant transport, emphasizing the need for international collaboration in addressing air quality issues. As metropolitan areas around the globe grapple with similar challenges, the methodology and insights from this study offer a potent tool and framework for regions seeking ","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"511-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate and transport of viable <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> simulant spores in ambient air during a large outdoor decontamination field exercise.","authors":"Joseph P Wood, Erin Silvestri, Michael Pirhalla, Shannon D Serre, M Worth Calfee, Katrina McConkey, Timothy Boe, Mariela Monge, Denise Aslett, Ahmed Abdel-Hady","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2359122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2359122","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Wide Area Demonstration (WAD) was a field exercise conducted under the U.S. EPA's Analysis of Coastal Operational Resiliency program, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Coast Guard. The purpose of the WAD was to operationalize at field scale aspects of remediation activities that would occur following an outdoor release of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus anthracis&lt;/i&gt; spores, including sampling and analysis, decontamination, data management, and waste management. The WAD was conducted in May 2022 at Fort Walker (formerly known as Fort A.P. Hill) and utilized &lt;i&gt;Bacillus atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; as a benign simulant for &lt;i&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;B. atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; spores were inoculated onto the study area at the beginning of the study, and air samples were collected daily during each of the different phases of the WAD using Dry Filter Units (DFUs). Ten DFU air samplers were placed at the perimeter of the study area to collect bioaerosols onto two parallel 47-mm diameter polyester felt filters, which were then subsequently analyzed in a microbiological laboratory for the quantification of &lt;i&gt;B. atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt;. The study demonstrated the use of DFUs as a rugged and robust bioaerosol collection device. The results indicated that the highest &lt;i&gt;B. atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; spore air concentrations (up to ~ 5 colony forming units/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) occurred at the beginning of the demonstration (e.g. during inoculation and characterization sampling phases) and generally downwind from the test site, suggesting transport of the spores was occurring from the study area. Very few &lt;i&gt;B. atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; spores were detected in the air after several weeks and following decontamination of exterior surfaces, thus providing an indication of the site decontamination procedures' effectiveness. No &lt;i&gt;B. atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; spores were detected in any of the blank or background samples.&lt;i&gt;Implications&lt;/i&gt;: Following an incident involving a release of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus anthracis&lt;/i&gt; spores or other biological threat agent into the outdoor environment, understanding the factors that may affect the bioagent's fate and transport can help predict viable contaminant spread via the ambient air. This paper provides scientific data for the first time on ambient air concentrations of bacterial spores over time and location during different phases of a field test in which &lt;i&gt;Bacillus atrophaeus&lt;/i&gt; (surrogate for &lt;i&gt;B. anthracis)&lt;/i&gt; spores were released outdoors as part of a full-scale study on sampling and decontamination in an urban environment. This study advances the knowledge related to the fate and transport of bacterial spores (such as those causing anthrax disease) as an aerosol in the outdoor environment over the course of three weeks in a mock urban environment and has exposure and health risk implications. The highest spore air concentrations occurred at the beginning of the study (e.g. during inoculation of surfaces and characterization sampling), and in the downwind direct","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"464-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The catalytic hydro-dechlorination of 2, 4, 4' trichlorobiphenyl at mild temperatures and atmospheric pressure.","authors":"Kevin Johnson, Juan Xu, Alyssa Yerkeson, Mingming Lu","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2353643","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2353643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including all 209 congeners, are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation in human bodies and the ecosystem. The need for PCB remediation still remains long after their production ban. In this study, a catalytic hydro-dechlorination (HDC) method was employed to dechlorinate 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28), a congener found ubiquitously in multiple environmental media. The HDC of PCB 28 was experimentally studied at mild temperatures viz. ~20, 50, and ~77°C and atmospheric pressure. Et₃N (triethylamine) was added as a co-catalyst. The dechlorination rates increased with temperature as well as Et₃N dosage, and the HDC pathway was hypothesized based on the product and intermediates observed. The less chlorinated intermediates suggested that the position of the chlorine strongly impacted HDC rates, and the preference of HDC at para positions can be orders of magnitudes higher than the ortho. The activation energy was estimated in the range of 12.4-13.9 kJ/mole, indicating a diffusion-controlled HDC system.<i>Implications:</i> The remediation need for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) still remains long after their production ban around the world. The development of low-cost methods is highly desirable, especially for developing countries, in response to the Stockholm Convention. In this study, the dechorination of a ubiquitously present PCB congener was studied using a catalytic hydro-dechlorination (HDC) method in low temperatures up to ~77°C and was able to achieve near 100% dechlorination in 6 hr. Results indicated that the HDC process can be performed under mild temperatures and atmospheric conditions and can be a potential solution to real world PCB contamination issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective sludge management: Reuse of biowaste and sewer sediments for fired bricks.","authors":"Hoa Nhan Nguyen, Huyen T T Dang, Lan T N Pham, Huan Xuan Nguyen, Kien Ton Tong, Thuy T Pham, Khai M Nguyen, Hang T M Tran","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2369294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2369294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study partially replaced the clay with sewer sludge (SS) and rice husk (RH-SS) to make fired bricks. The brick samples were examed in terms of shrinkage, water absorption, and compressive strength. Besides, they were analyzed via XRD and metal extraction to determine the heavy metal residuals in the products. The results showed that it was possible to fabricate fired bricks using sewer sludge or rice husk-blended sludge with up to 30% by weight. These brick samples complied with the technical standard for clay brick production, in which the compressive strength was more than 7.5 MPa, water absorption was from 11-16%, and the linear shrinkage was all less than 5%. The rice husk addition helped mitigate the heavy metal residuals in the bricks and leaching liquid, in which all the values were lower than the US-EPA maximum concentration of contaminants for toxicity characteristics.<i>Implications</i>: Previous studies have proved the possibility of mixing sewage sludge from different origins (sewage sludge, river sediment, canal sediment, sewer sediment, etc.) with clay and some wastes to make bricks. In which, mostof the studies used sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants, very fewdealt with lake/river or sewer sediment. This study shall be the first to study the possibility of employing sewer sediments with the addition of rice husk powder to achieve two targets, including (1) the reuse of biowaste and sludge for brick fabrication and (2) the reduction of heavy metals in final calcined bricks. Different ratios of the rice-husk blended sewer sludge (RH-SS) - clay mixture shall be tested to find the optimized compositions. The results showed that it was possible to fabricate fired bricks using sewer sludge or rice husk-blended sludge with up to 30% by weight, which meant reduce 30% of clay in the brick production. The final products were proved to meet the quality standard in terms of compressive strength (more than 10 MPa), water absorption(from 11-16%), and the linear shrinkage (less than 5%). Larger scale of this study can be an evident to recommend for policy change in the waste reuse in construction field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"478-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the temperature-mortality relationship over 16 years in Cyprus.","authors":"Barrak Alahmad, Qinni Yuan, Souzana Achilleos, Pascale Salameh, Stefania I Papatheodorou, Petros Koutrakis","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2345637","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2345637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In many regions of the world, the relationship between ambient temperature and mortality is well-documented, but little is known about Cyprus, a Mediterranean island country where climate change is progressing faster than the global average. We Examined the association between daily ambient temperature and all-cause mortality risk in Cyprus. We conducted a time-series analysis with quasipoisson distribution and distributed lag non-linear models to investigate the association between temperature and all-cause mortality from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2019 in five districts in Cyprus. We then performed a meta-analysis to estimate the overall temperature-mortality dose-response relationship in Cyprus. Excess mortality was computed to determine the public health burden caused by extreme temperatures. We did not find evidence of heterogeneity between the five districts (<i>p</i> = 0.47). The pooled results show that for cold effects, comparing the 1st, 2.5th, and 5th percentiles to the optimal temperature (temperature associated with least mortality, 25 ℃), the overall relative risks of mortality were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.82), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.64), and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.52), respectively. For heat effects, the overall relative risks of mortality at the 95^th, 97.5th and 99th percentiles were 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.16), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.29), and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.5), respectively. The excess mortality attributable to cold days accounted for 8.0 deaths (95% empirical CI: 4.5-10.8) for every 100 deaths, while the excess mortality attributable to heat days accounted for 1.3 deaths (95% empirical CI: 0.7-1.7) for every 100 deaths. The results prompt additional research into environmental risk prevention in this under-studied hot and dry region that could experience disproportionate climate change related exposures.<i>Implications:</i> The quantification of excess mortality attributable to temperature extremes shows an urgent need for targeted public health interventions and climate adaptation strategies in Cyprus and similar regions facing rapid climate change. Future steps should look into subpopulation sensitivity, coping strategies, and adaptive interventions to reduce potential future risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on inpatient acute myocardial infarction in Lanzhou, China.","authors":"Wancheng Zhang, Anning Zhu, Jianglong Ling, Runping Zhang, Tong Liu, Tian Tian, Jingping Niu, Jiyuan Dong, Ye Ruan","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2350441","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2350441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) represents a deleterious effect on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but few relevant studies have been conducted in China. We aim to evaluate the acute effects of NO₂ exposure on hospitalization for AMI in Lanzhou, China. In this study, we applied a distributional lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to assess the association between NO₂ exposure and AMI hospitalization. We explored the sensitivity of various groups through stratified analysis by gender, age, and season. The daily average concentration of NO₂ is 47.50 ± 17.38 µg/m³. We observed a significant exposure-response relationship between NO2 concentration and AMI hospitalization. The single pollutant model analysis shows that NO₂ is positively correlated with AMI hospitalization at lag1, lag01, lag02, and lag03. The greatest lag effect estimate occurs at lag01, where a 10 µg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentrations is significantly associated with a relative risk (RR) of hospitalization due to AMI of 1.027 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013, 1.042]. The results of the stratified analysis by gender, age, and season indicate that males, those aged ≥65 years, and the cold season are more sensitive to the deleterious effects caused by NO₂ exposure. Short-term exposure to NO₂ can enhance the risk of AMI hospitalization in urban Lanzhou.<i>Implications</i>: Exposure to particulate matter can lead to an increased incidence of AMI. Our study once again shows that NO₂ exposure increases the risk of AMI hospital admission. AMI is a common and expensive fatal condition. Reducing NO₂ exposure will benefit cardiovascular health and save on healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the 2024 Critical Review: Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management.","authors":"Susan S G Wierman, Bret Schichtel","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2342767","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2342767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"74 6","pages":"359-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management.","authors":"Charles Driscoll, Jana B Milford, Daven K Henze, Michael D Bell","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2342765","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2342765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities have increased atmospheric emissions and deposition of oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, but emission control programs have largely focused on oxidized nitrogen. As a result, in many regions of the world emissions of oxidized nitrogen are decreasing while emissions of reduced nitrogen are increasing. Emissions of reduced nitrogen largely originate from livestock waste and fertilizer application, with contributions from transportation sources in urban areas. Observations suggest a discrepancy between trends in emissions and deposition of reduced nitrogen in the U.S., likely due to an underestimate in emissions. In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with oxides of sulfur and nitrogen to form fine particulate matter that impairs health and visibility and affects climate forcings. Recent reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides have limited partitioning with ammonia, decreasing long-range transport. Continuing research is needed to improve understanding of how shifting emissions alter formation of secondary particulates and patterns of transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen. Satellite remote sensing has potential for monitoring atmospheric concentrations and emissions of ammonia, but there remains a need to maintain and strengthen ground-based measurements and continue development of chemical transport models. Elevated nitrogen deposition has decreased plant and soil microbial biodiversity and altered the biogeochemical function of terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. Further study is needed on differential effects of oxidized versus reduced nitrogen and pathways and timescales of ecosystem recovery from elevated nitrogen deposition. Decreases in deposition of reduced nitrogen could alleviate exceedances of critical loads for terrestrial and freshwater indicators in many U.S. areas. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency should consider using critical loads as a basis for setting standards to protect public welfare and ecosystems. The U.S. and other countries might look to European experience for approaches to control emissions of reduced nitrogen from agricultural and transportation sectors.<i>Implications</i>: In this Critical Review we synthesize research on effects, air emissions, environmental transformations, and management of reduced forms of nitrogen. Emissions of reduced nitrogen affect human health, the structure and function of ecosystems, and climatic forcings. While emissions of oxidized forms of nitrogen are regulated in the U.S., controls on reduced forms are largely absent. Decreases in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides coupled with increases in ammonia are shifting the gas-particle partitioning of ammonia and decreasing long-range atmospheric transport of reduced nitrogen. Effort is needed to understand, monitor, and manage emissions of reduced nitrogen in a changing environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"74 6","pages":"362-415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as a permeable subgrade material: An experimental and mechanism study.","authors":"Angran Tian, Yu Zhou, Yuru Chen, Deming Kan, Yanling Lu, Qiang Tang","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2319764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2319764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a traditional method of waste treatment, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has become one of the main methods of urban waste treatment. However, as a byproduct of MSWI, a large amount of MSWI bottom ash is not reused in current practice. This study innovatively posits MSWI bottom ash as an eco-friendly adsorbent rather than a pollutant, exploring its potential application as a permeable subgrade material. The results reveal that MSWI bottom ash exhibits promising properties to serve as a permeable subgrade material to achieve the permeability and improve the sustainability for subgrade. Due to the arrangement of its particles, it shows excellent performance in shear strength and permeability, which are comparable to or surpass those of sandy soils. The average pore width of 14.200 nm allows heavy metal substances to be encapsulated within the matrix, significantly reducing their leachability, thereby aligning with environmental friendliness standards. Its adsorption capacity is about 6.60 mg/g, and the adsorption capacity per volume is 3.66 times and 2.04 times that of fly ash and clay, respectively. The mechanism analysis shows that the adsorption process is monolayer heterogeneous adsorption. This paper presents a novel perspective on reusing MSWI bottom ash and provides evidence supporting its effective utilization as a permeable subgrade material, offering substantial environmental benefits through enhanced adsorption ability.<i>Implications:</i> Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a common method for municipal solid waste treatment, while the MSWI bottom ash is often not reused. This paper explored the explores the feasibility of using MSWI bottom ash as a permeable road base material. The results show that the particle arrangement enables excellent shear strength and permeability, comparable to sandy soil. It meets safety requirements for the leaching of heavy metals and acts as an adsorbent for pollutants leaching from permeable pavements. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these behaviors of MSWI were confirmed by microstructural and mineralogical analyses. These indicate that MSWI bottom ash has great potential as a permeable road base material. This paper provides a clear understanding of the physical, mechanical and environmental properties of MSWI bottom ash, which can promote its reuse in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"291-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of solid recovered fuel production from autoclave treated healthcare waste in Sultanate of Oman.","authors":"Mahir Al-Wahaibi, J Baird","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2319761","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2024.2319761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Economic growth has a potential impact on waste generation worldwide. Growing recognition for resources recovery from waste including production of a clean energy has led to the development of standards for, and the generation of, Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF). SRF, according to BS EN ISO 21640 is a fuel prepared from nonhazardous/treated waste to be utilized for energy recovery in incineration or co-incineration plants which meets the classification and specification. The amount of combustible fractions (i.e., plastic, textile and paper) that are present in Healthcare Waste (HCW) and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) provides an opportunity for SRF production. HCW is defined as clinical waste generated from healthcare facilities. Limited efforts in utilizing treated HCW in production of SRF were noted, despite the fact that high content of combustible fractions, hence the novelty of this research. This research addresses the opportunities of utilizing autoclaved HCW as an alternate fuel; through a detailed chemical and physical analysis of autoclaved HCW collected from the Sultanate of Oman hospital and healthcare facilities. Furthermore, this study examines the possible uses of such materials instead of landfilling. The utilization of treated HCW as an alternative fuel is not only saving the land space, but also reduces the carbon emissions originating from landfilling. This in fact would also support the government in achieving its aspiring goal of the net zero carbon emissions by 2050 through better utilization of these materials in production of SRF as an alternative to fossil fuel combustion. The study revealed that autoclaved HCW appears to have a high quality SRF and is classified as (NCV 4, Cl 3); which complies with the potential end users' specifications. It is estimated that the combined energy output from MSW and HCW combustible fractions could cover about 12.75% of the energy requirements for Oman cement factories.<i>Implications</i>: The results confirm the viability of using autoclave (HCW) as an alternative fuel due to its high thermal energy content. Based on mean Net Calorific Value (NCV) of analyzed HCW that is found around 14 (MJ/Kg _(ar)), and the mean Cl level (i.e., 0.814 ± 0.213% _(d)); the SRF is classified as (NCV4, Cl 3). This grade is found to be well within the end users accepted range. This opens up the opportunity for creating a market demand for HCW that not only it could boost its recovery, but it could also unlock the value that can generates.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"304-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}