Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association最新文献

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2209011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2209011","url":null,"abstract":"Louise Fawcett, ‘The Iraq War 20 years on: towards a new regional architecture’, International Affairs 99: 2, March 2023, pp. 567–85","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam: Peter K. Mueller (1926-2023).","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2202598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2202598","url":null,"abstract":"Peter K. Mueller passed away in early February at age 96. He was widely known for his expertise in air measurements and the design and oversight of major air pollution chemistry studies. Peter’s contributions derived from employment in state and federal government, and the private sector. He was a member of the Air & Waste Management Association for more than 70 years, received its 2007 Frank Chambers Excellence in Air Pollution Control Award, and was made an Honorary Member in 2015. His views and a sampling of achievements have been published earlier in A&WMA publications (Hidy et al. 2017; Hidy, Chow, and Watson 2017; Kleinman et al. 2017; Watson et al. 2017). Peter’s involuntary transcontinental migration began with dislocation from Germany followed by a risky immigration to the United States. After enduring Kristallnacht when he was 11, Peter barely escaped the Holocaust, in which many members of his extended family were killed, when Peter and his father immigrated to England in May 1939, not long after his mother, brother, and sister immigrated to the United States. Later, Peter also moved to the United States, where he was drafted by the U.S. Army and served in the Medical Corps. Following this tour, he enrolled as a chemistry major at George Washington University, with subsequent graduate study at Rutgers University, where he focused on aqueous environmental chemistry. After receiving his Ph.D. degree, he moved to the San Francisco Bay Area as a chemist at the California State Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory (AIHL). His early experiences shaped his interest in chemistry and public health and led him to exacting standards as an expert in ambient air measurements. His research was aimed at informing policymakers about environmental conditions of concern. Peter was the last of the first generation of environmental scientists who were challenged to characterize and understand photochemical smog. Arie Haagen Smit’s botanical experiments in Southern California led to the discovery of ozone formation from nonmethane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in ambient air (Haagen-Smit 1958). As AIHL director, Peter investigated instrumentation for quantitatively measuring smog products and precursors, recommended those that met quantitative reference standards, and characterized California’s unique air quality problems. In the early 1950s, aerosol scientists recognized the significance of particle size in characterizing atmospheric aerosols. Obtaining size distributions was labor intensive and involved primitive means for sampling and analysis. By the 1960s, new size fractionating systems were being invented such as that of Goetz (1956). Peter and colleagues tested this sampler and improved its design (Mueller, Helwig, and Peterson 1959). As part of this project, they sampled urban air and found that, in contrast to earlier studies, airborne lead was concentrated in respirable particles, not just inhalable particles. This finding had important conse","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9463616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubing material considerably affects measurement delays of gas-phase oxygenated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.","authors":"James M Mattila,&nbsp;Emily Y Li,&nbsp;John H Offenberg","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2174612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2174612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants associated with negative health impacts. Assessments of tubing-related measurement bias for volatile PFAS are lacking, as gas-wall interactions with tubing can delay quantification of gas-phase analytes. We use online iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry measurements to characterize tubing delays for three gas-phase oxygenated PFAS - 4:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (4:2 FTOH), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA). Perfluoroalkoxy alkane and high-density polyethylene tubing yielded relatively short absorptive measurement delays, with no clear dependence on tubing temperature or sampled humidity. Sampling through stainless steel tubing led to prolonged measurement delays due to reversible adsorption of PFAS to the tubing surface, with strong dependence on tubing temperature and sample humidification. Silcosteel tubing afforded shorter measurement delays than stainless steel due to diminished surface adsorption of PFAS. Characterizing and mitigating these tubing delays is crucial for reliable quantification of airborne PFAS.<i>Implications:</i> Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants. Many PFAS are sufficiently volatile to exist as airborne pollutants. Measurements and quantification of airborne PFAS can be biased from material-dependent gas-wall interactions with sampling inlet tubing. Thus, characterizing these gas-wall interactions are crucial for reliably investigating emissions, environmental transport, and fates of airborne PFAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9474009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of airborne bacterial communities in caged poultry houses.","authors":"Han Yan,&nbsp;Huan Chen,&nbsp;Linlin Jiang,&nbsp;Jianlong Zhang,&nbsp;Guozhong Chen,&nbsp;Xin Yu,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Youzhi Li,&nbsp;Wenli Tang,&nbsp;Xingxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Nihong Jiang","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2193162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2193162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial aerosols in intensive broiler houses whose species and concentrations are closely related to human health are ubiquitous. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and diversity of bacterial aerosols in the air of broiler houses. Significant spatial variations in airborne bacterial concentrations were observed inside the poultry farmhouse. The results indicated that bacteria in the air samples could be grouped into a total of 1,674 OTUs. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of the microbial community at the entry of the broiler house was higher than that at the middle or the rear (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The Sankey diagram illustrated species dynamic changes in <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, and <i>Actinobacteria</i> among the different locations. From the aspect of LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) analysis, we discovered that the abundance of <i>Planctomycetes</i> was significantly higher in the entry than in the rear and middle. This study shows the spatial distribution of the entire bacterial community in intensive broiler houses, which offers a new perspective for studying airborne total bacteria in those environments.<i>Implications:</i> The bacteria contained in air aerosols from poultry houses are closely connected to animal health and production. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and diversity of bacterial aerosols in the air of broiler houses. The results observed that bacterial aerosol concentrations in the examined broilers house varied greatly at different positions, and a significantly higher exposure to bacterial aerosol was observed at the middle than at the other positions (p < 0.05). The alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of the microbial community at the entry of the broiler house was higher than that at the middle or the rear (P<0.01). Sankey diagram illustrated species dynamic changes of <i>Proteobacteria, Firmicutes</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i> among the different locations. The microbial communities in genus level in the samples of entry and rear were closer, while the species diversity of middle and rear samples in chicken house was highly similar (P>0.05). Altogether, results revealed that the effects of spatial factors on the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the air of closed-cage broiler houses, which poses a potential threat to the health of animals and workers in those environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9473303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of light-duty versus heavy-duty diesel on-road mobile source emissions using general additive models applied to traffic volume and air quality data and COVID-19 responses.","authors":"Samuel Orth,&nbsp;Armistead G Russell","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2185315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2185315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, several papers have examined the effect of the pandemic response on urban air pollution worldwide. This study uses observed traffic volume and near-road air pollution data for black carbon (BC), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), and carbon monoxide (CO) to estimate the emissions contributions of light-duty and heavy-duty diesel vehicles in five cities in the continental United States. Analysis of mobile source impacts in the near-road environment has several health and environmental justice implications. Data from the initial COVID-19 response period, defined as March to May in 2020, were used with data from the same period over the previous two years to develop general additive models (GAMs) to quantify the emissions impact of each vehicle class. The model estimated that light-duty traffic contributes 4-69%, 14-65%, and 21-97% of BC, NO_x, and CO near-road levels, respectively. Heavy-duty diesel traffic contributes an estimated 26-46%, 17-63%, and -7-18% of near-road levels of the three pollutants. The estimated mobile source impacts were used to calculate NO_x to CO and BC to NO_x emission ratios, which were between 0.21-0.32 μg m^-3 NO_x (μg m^-3 CO)^-1 and 0.013-0.018 μg m^-3 BC (μg m^-3 NO_x)^-1. These ratios can be used to assess existing emission inventories for use in determining air pollution standards. These results agree moderately well with recent National Emissions Inventory estimates and other empirically-derived estimates, showing similar trends among the pollutants. However, a limitation of this study was the recurring presence of an implausible air pollution impact estimate in 41% of the site-pollutant combinations, where a vehicle class was estimated to account for either a negative impact or an impact higher than the total estimated pollutant concentration. The variations seen in the GAM estimates are likely a result of location-specific factors, including fleet composition, external pollution sources, and traffic volumes.<i>Implications</i>: Drastic reductions in traffic and air pollution during the lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic present a unique opportunity to assess vehicle emissions. A General Additive Modeling approach is developed to relate traffic levels, observed air pollution, and meteorology to identify the amount vehicle types contribute to near-road levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs), which is important for future emission regulation and policy, given the significant health and environmental justice implications of vehicle-related pollution along major roadways. The model is used to evaluate emission inventories in the near-road environment, which can be used to refine existing estimates. By developing a locally data-driven method to readily characterize impacts and distinguish between heavy and light duty vehicle effects, local regu","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9479246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lane-changing behavior on traffic emissions of road sections in multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow environment.","authors":"Xinghua Hu,&nbsp;Mintanyu Zheng,&nbsp;Jianpu Guo,&nbsp;Xinghui Chen,&nbsp;Gao Dai,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhao,&nbsp;Bing Long","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2190180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2190180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed the effect of lane-changing behavior on traffic flow emissions and energy consumption of road sections in fuel vehicle-battery electric vehicle (FV-BEV) and human-driven vehicle-cooperative adaptive cruise control (HDV-CACC) multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow environments. Based on the traditional energy consumption model, a multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow energy consumption model was established by considering the BEV and CACC penetration rates. The microscopic traffic flow theory approach was used to analyze lane-changing behavior and the influencing mechanism of lane-changing behavior on the energy consumption of multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow, and MATLAB was used for the experimental simulation. The lane-changing behavior of the leading vehicle had a negative impact on the energy consumption of road segment traffic flow. Within the 95% effective impact range, the average energy consumption of traffic flow with respect to lane-changing behavior was 7.8% higher than that of the following traffic flow. The BEV penetration rate was beneficial for reducing the energy consumption of mixed traffic flow. At an economic velocity, the energy consumption of homogeneous BEV traffic flow was only 58.3% of that of homogeneous FV traffic flow. The CACC penetration rate could increase the traffic flow toughness. When the BEV penetration rate was constant, the higher the CACC penetration rate, the smaller the impact of lane-changing behavior on emissions. When traffic flow was completely transformed to homogeneous CACC traffic flow, lane-changing behavior only increased the overall energy consumption of the traffic flow by 4.99%, which was lower than the average level. Consequently, the promotion of BEV and CACC can improve the impact of traffic emissions on air pollution. When CACC penetration is low, reducing unnecessary lane-changing behavior to ensure the stability of traffic flow is also an effective way to reduce emissions.<i>Implications:</i> Multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow energy consumption model is proposed.CACC penetration rate, BEV penetration rate and lane-changing behavior will change traffic energy consumption. In this paper, different influencing factors are analyzed one by one.It provides a theoretical basis for relevant departments of traffic management to optimize vehicle emissions and traffic organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on ratio optimization and application of improved bonded dust suppressant based on wetting effect.","authors":"Ming Li,&nbsp;Wanjie Yin,&nbsp;Jiao Tang,&nbsp;Linling Qiu,&nbsp;Xudong Fei,&nbsp;Huaizhen Yang,&nbsp;Zhenhong Tang,&nbsp;Fashun Chen,&nbsp;Xingbo Qin,&nbsp;Gang Li","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2189173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2189173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional bonded dust suppressants have high viscosity, insufficient fluidity and poor permeability problems, which is adverse to the formation of a continuous and stable solidified layer of dust suppressant solution on the surface of a dust pile. Gemini surfactant has efficient wetting performance and environmental protection performance, it is introduced as a wetting component to improve the flow and penetration performance of bonded dust suppressant solution, polymer absorbent resin (SAP) and sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) were selected as the main components of dust suppressant. A proportioning optimization model was constructed based on response surface methodology (RSM), and the concentration of each dust suppression component was selected as the independent variable, water loss rate, moisture retention rate, wind erosion rate and solution viscosity were chosen as the dependent variables in this model. The optimal formulation of the improved bonded dust suppressant was obtained by analyzing the laboratory experiments and field tests data. The results show that the effective time (≥15d) of the newly developed dust suppressant is 45 times longer than that of pure water (≈1/3d), and 1.875 times longer than that of the comparative dust suppressant (8d), the comprehensive cost is 27.36% lower than that of the similar dust suppressant product for mining enterprises.<i>Implications</i>: This paper presents the research idea of optimizing the bonded dust suppressant based on the improvement of wetting performance. And the paper used response surface method to obtain a wetting and bonding composite dust suppressant formulation. The field test shows that the dust suppressant has good dust suppression performance and economic benefits. This study laid the foundation for the development of new and efficient dust suppressants, and had important theoretical and application values for reducing dust environmental hazards and preventing occupational diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and kinetic model analysis on photothermal catalysis of formaldehyde by manganese and cerium based catalytic materials.","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang,&nbsp;Wei Xiao,&nbsp;Fangzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Shimin Zhang,&nbsp;Wufeng Jin","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2179685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2179685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern people spend more and more time in cars in their daily lives, and the pollution of formaldehyde in the car may directly affect people's health. Thermal catalytic oxidation technology by solar light is a potential way to purify formaldehyde in cars. MnO_x-CeO₂ was prepared by the modified co-precipitation method as the main catalyst, and the basic characteristic (SEM, N₂ adsorption, H₂-TPR, UV-visible absorbance) were also analyzed in detail. The experimental study was set up to simulate the solar photothermal catalysis of formaldehyde in-car environment. The results showed that the higher the temperature in the experimental box (56.7 ± 0.2°C, 62.6 ± 0.2°C, 68.2 ± 0.2°C), the better the formaldehyde degradation by catalytic effect (formaldehyde degradation percentage: 76.2<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, 78.3<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, 82.1<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>). With increase of the initial formaldehyde concentration (200 <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math>, 500 <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math>, 1000 <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math>), the catalytic effect first increased and then decreased (formaldehyde degradation percentage: 63<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, 78.3<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, 70.6<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>). The catalytic effect risen gradually with the increase of load ratio (10<math><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math>, 20<math><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math>, and 40<math><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math>), and the formaldehyde degradation percentages were 62.8<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, 78.3<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, and 81.1<math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow></mrow></math>, respectively. According to the expressions of the Eley-Rideal (ER) model, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model, and the Mars-Van Krevelen (MVK) model, the experimental results were fitted and verified, and it was found that the ER model had a high degree of fit. It is more suitable to explain the catalytic mechanism of formaldehyde by MnO_x-CeO₂ catalyst in the experimental cabin, where formaldehyde is in the adsorption state and oxygen is in the gas phase.<i>Implications</i>: Judging from the current research status, vehicles have become an indispensable mode of travel for people, and the air quality in the vehicle is not optimistic. Most vehicles generally have the phenomenon of excessive formaldehyde. The characteristic of formaldehyde in the car is the continuous release, especially in the hot summer, the temperature inside the car rises sharply under the sun radiation. At this ","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9472759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the feasibility of air environment management system for VOCs through 'VOCs specification' of petroleum refining industry.","authors":"Min-Gyu Kim,&nbsp;Jeong Hun Kim,&nbsp;Seok J Yoon,&nbsp;Sung Hwan Cho,&nbsp;Jeong Ung Yu,&nbsp;Cheon Woong Kang,&nbsp;Kyong Whan Moon,&nbsp;Hyo Eun Lee","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2182385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2182385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemical industry releases various types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere, and the concentration of VOCs emitted from chimneys is regulated worldwide. However, some VOCs such as benzene are highly carcinogenic, while others such as ethylene and propylene may cause secondary air pollution, owing to their high ozone-generating ability. Accordingly, the US EPA(United State, Environment Protect Agency) introduced a fenceline monitoring system that regulates the concentration of VOCs at the boundary of a facility, away from the chimney source. This system was first introduced in the petroleum refining industry, which simultaneously emits benzene, affecting the local community because of its high carcinogenicity, and ethylene, propylene, xylene, and toluene, which have a high photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). These emissions contribute to air pollution. In Korea, the concentration at the chimney is regulated; however, the concentration at the plant boundary is not considered. In accordance with the EPA regulations, Korea's petroleum refining industries were identified and the limitations of the Clean Air Conservation Act were studied. The average concentration of benzene at the research facility examined in this study was 8.53 µg/m3, which complied with the benzene action level of 9 µg/m3. However, this value was exceeded at some points along the fenceline, in proximity to the benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX) manufacturing process. The composition ratios of toluene and xylene were 27% and 16%, respectively, which were higher than those of ethylene or propylene. These results suggest that reduction measures in the BTX manufacturing process are necessary. This study shows that legal regulations should enforce reduction measures through continuous monitoring at the fenceline of petroleum refineries in Korea.<i>Implications</i>: Although volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are essential in various industrial sites, they adversely affect the health of people in the near community. Benzene is highly carcinogenic, so it is dangerous if exposed continuously. In addition, there are various types of VOCs, which combine with atmospheric ozone to generate smog. Globally, VOCs are managed as Total VOCs. However, through this study, VOCs have priority, and in the case of the petroleum refining industry, it is suggested that VOCs should be preemptively measured and analyzed to be regulated. In addition, it is necessary to minimize the impact on the local community by regulating the concentration at the fenceline beyond the chimney measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9527338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of the construction and demolition waste (CDW) and determination of the best disposal alternative by FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process): A case study of Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Vida Past,&nbsp;Kamiar Yaghmaeian,&nbsp;Maziar Naderi,&nbsp;Nahal Naderi","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2178542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2178542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study focused on the management of the final disposal of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) generated in Tehran and the determination of the best disposal method. For this purpose, three of final disposal alternatives such as reusing, recycling and landfilling were selected. Moreover, three effective criteria (environmental, economic and socio-cultural) and 16 sub-criteria were considered. A group of experts participated in the questionnaire in order to create a database. FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used to determine the final disposal alternative considering to the sustainable development approach. The results obtained from the FAHP model showed that the weight of the environmental, economic and socio-cultural criteria was 0.330, 0.544 and 0.126, respectively. In the view of the environmental, the weight value of the sub-criteria of recyclable, water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and natural resources protection were 0.035, 0.127, 0.069, 0.042 and 0.055, respectively. In terms of economic, the weight value of the sub-criteria of raw materials cost, land occupancy rate, profitability, mutual interests, exploitation cost and initial investment were 0.108, 0.045, 0.063, 0.083, 0.094 and 0.149 respectively. In addition, from the point of view of socio-cultural aspect, the weight value of the sub-criteria of community acceptance, government cooperation, people's awareness level, security in construction and employment were 0.015, 0.050, 0.011, 0.022, and 0.026, respectively. The reuse alternative with a weight of 0.439 was selected as the best disposal method and the recycling (0.312) and landfilling (0.250) were second and third alternatives, respectively. The results also indicated that the generated CDW in Tehran was mostly composed of reusable components such as metals, plastics, wood, glass and gypsum. Therefore, with the selection of this alternative as a final disposal method, the costs of raw materials and the pollution originated from landfilling can be significantly reduced.<i>Implication</i>: The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework in which the priority of criteria and sub-criteria and alternatives in CDW management in Tehran, Iran is determined. The novelty of this method included providing an efficient management method in CDW management, because the production of this type of waste in Iran has become a major problem. The most important part of this method was the decision of local experts to provide the best disposal alternative, since solving problems related to CDW management is achieved by participation and collaboration with experts working in the same system. The obtained results showed that reusing is the first priority in terms of all the studied criteria and sanitary landfilling is the last priority. Sanitary landfilling is currently in place in the study area and respondents are well aware of its disadvantages. The results in terms of each criterion show that economic c","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}