Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating IMPROVE PM_2.5 element measurements.","authors":"Nicholas J Spada, Sinan Yatkin, Jason Giacomo, Krystyna Trzepla, Nicole P Hyslop","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2262417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2262417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network has collected airborne particulate matter (PM) samples at locations throughout the United States since 1988 and provided chemical speciation measurements on the samples using several techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF). New XRF instruments for measuring PM elemental content of IMPROVE samples were introduced in 2011. To evaluate the performance of these new instruments relative to the old instruments, archived sample from three IMPROVE monitoring sites were retrieved and analyzed on the new instruments. The agreement between the two instruments varied by element. Comparisons of the results were very good (slopes within 10% of unity) for most elements regularly measured well above the detection limits (sulfur, chlorine, potassium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, lead). Different particle compositions at the three sites highlighted different measurement interferences. High sea salt concentrations at the coastal site emphasized corrections applied in the old systems to light elements - sodium and magnesium - and resulted in poor agreement for these elements. Comparisons of the XRF measurements with collocated sulfate measurements by ion chromatography suggest that sulfur measurements from the new instruments are more precise but slight underestimates. Comparing elemental ratios to expected ratios for soil-derived PM demonstrate the new instruments are better at resolving the aluminum and silicon peaks.<i>Implications</i>: The presented work represents a comprehensive analysis of the method change enacted within the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) air monitoring network. This work describes the implications of the last change in elemental quantification methodology. The most important point for data users performing longitudinal analyses is that light elements (e.g., sodium - sulfur) were affected; the old instrumentation overestimated these elements while the current measurements are slightly underestimated. The authors recommend these results to be taken into consideration when interpreting sea salt and crustal sources of atmospheric dust.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Joint Clean Air Actions and air quality spillovers in China.","authors":"Lin Xiang, Ying Fan, Xueying Yu","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2255579","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2255579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facing severe air pollution in its North Plain, the central government of China initiated the Joint Clean Air Action (JCAA) in 2017 to facilitate pollution mitigation efforts across the region. While quite a few studies investigated the effectiveness of this regulation, much less attention is paid to the pollution spillover effects. We empirically examine the effects, and show that 1) air quality in the east of the target cities has been improved due to positive spillover of improved air quality under the JCAA; 2) the beneficiary spillover lasts for two seasons and disappeared in autumn and winter; 3) air quality in the north, south and west directions are almost not changed; 4) wind direction and topography, two determinants of atmospheric transport, have a considerable influence over the spillover effects. Our study provides a fresh perspective to understand the impacts of the JCAA policy and underlines the necessity of taking both pollution and air quality spillover effects into the cost-benefit analysis.<i>Implications:</i> Pollution regulations in one place may increase pollution in other places, as production and emissions are re-allocated under the incentives induced by regional-specific regulations. This phenomenon has long been recognized in the literature as pollution spillover. However, if the relevant production and emissions are not re-allocated, at least not re-allocated in large quantities, local air quality improvement induced by regulations may also benefit the neighboring areas. We call this effect air quality spillover. Both spillover effects should be rigorously evaluated, which is of scientific interest by itself and also contributes to a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of environmental regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"73 11","pages":"829-842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a CFD model indicating the quantitative relationship among reactor dimension, bed flow unevenness, and performance for VOCs biofilters.","authors":"Ziyu Liu, Dong Dong, Jinying Xi","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2267010","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2267010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based biofiltration model to investigate the airflow distribution and the impact of bed flow unevenness (BFU) on the removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in biofilters. The biofiltration model consists of a gas flow sub-model and a VOCs removal sub-model, which were validated by pilot-scale experiments. The model was used to examine the quantitative relationship among reactor dimensions, including the width to height ratio of the filter bed and empty bed residence time (EBRT), BFU, and performance for VOCs biofilters. Simulation results demonstrate that the flow unevenness index (FUI) of the packing layer changes from 0.06 to 0.48 m²‧s^-1 with reactor dimension changes. With an increase in the width to height ratio at a constant EBRT, FUI increases, BFU changes, and flow velocity fluctuation on the cross-section becomes larger, leading to a reduction of about 10% in VOCs removal efficiency. Concentration distribution of VOCs becomes uneven in the horizontal direction. At a constant width to height ratio of the filter bed, an increase in EBRT causes an increase in FUI, leading to a decrease in VOCs removal efficiency. When the width to height ratio is 0.5, velocity fluctuation of filter bed cross-section is small, the concentration of VOCs decreases evenly across the filter bed layer, and FUI is at a low level (0.06-0.11 m²‧s^-1).<i>Implication</i>: In this manuscript, a biofiltration model of VOCs biofilter based on CFD has constructed and validated. And the manuscript gave the quantitative relationship among reactor dimension, bed flow unevenness and performance for VOCs biofilters for the first time. This study can lead to enhanced VOCs removal efficiency and improved overall performance of biofilters in practical engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"865-876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal separation of plastic components from waste crystalline silicon solar cells: Thermogravimetric characteristics and thermokinetics.","authors":"Qing Huang, Wenyi Yuan, Yaping Guo, Qinfei Ke","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2262426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2262426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal treatment is a mainstream technique to separate plastic components from waste crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this study, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for a better understanding of the characteristics of plastic components mainly poly(ethylene-co-vinyl) acetate (EVA) binder and polyfluoroethylene composite membrane (TPT) backsheet in waste c-Si PV panels through thermal treatment at four different heating rates (5-20°C·min^-1) under nitrogen and air conditions, respectively. The thermal process of the EVA binder whether in a nitrogen or air atmosphere could be divided into two phases, which were 300-400°C and 400-515°C in nitrogen with the total weight loss reached 99.64%; the two phases in the air were 270-405°C and 405-570°C with the total weight loss was 99.68%. The thermal weight loss of TPT in nitrogen has only one phase occured between 380°C and 520°C, and the weight loss rate is about 83%. There are two weight loss phases in the air atmosphere, which the first phase starts from 265°C to 485°C and the second phase ends at 635°C with a final weight loss reaching 97%. Furthermore, the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method was chosen to calculate the pyrolysis kinetic parameters. The activation energy for EVA in nitrogen (261.16 kJ·mol^-1) was higher than in air (209.04 kJ·mol^-1), also the TPT in nitrogen (188.28 kJ·mol^-1) higher than in air (172.21 kJ·mol^-1). That indicated that the thermal decomposition of EVA binder was accelerated at first phase in nitrogen, but there is little difference in air atmosphere. Moreover, the activation energy of PVF of the TPT backsheet in the first phase was lower than that in the second phase. This study provides the fundamental basis to develop efficient thermal separation for the plastic components EVA and TPT in waste PV panels.<i>Implications</i>: This study mainly aims to explore the thermal separation of plastic components of waste c-Si panels for heating treatment, so that developing an accurate heat treatment approach that is efficient to implement for the separation of secondary raw material i.e., glass and silicon wafer from end-of-life PV panels. Therefore, this research findings have significant implications for providing the basic data support for waste PV panels management recycling standards, specifications, or policy documents.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"853-864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fugitive gypsum dust deposition on a neighboring wildlife refuge, Antioch Dunes, California, USA.","authors":"Nicholas J Spada, Alison M McNally, Thomas E Gill, Hanna Q Best, Alexa M Wells, Travis Longcore","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2254267","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2254267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fugitive dust emissions play an important role in urban air quality. Much research on fugitive dust's effects has focused on human health and societal impacts, with limited work investigating effects on other species. The endangered <i>Apodemia mormo langei</i> butterfly is endemic to the Antioch Dunes, a small area on the south bank of the San Joaquin River in northern California, largely protected as a National Wildlife Refuge. Between the two protected portions of the dunes is a gypsum processing facility. Deposition of gypsum dust may adversely affect endangered insects, especially in their vulnerable larval life stage. Persistent westerly winds blow from the western section of the refuge, across the industrial facility, to the eastern protected dune area. Ambient particulate matter (PM) was collected at 30 sites in both sections of the refuge using passive samplers deployed at times matching the butterfly life cycle. The prevailing wind maintained upwind-downwind sampling orientation throughout the study. PM samples were analyzed for total mass, and elemental composition via X-ray fluorescence. Downwind concentrations of gypsum-related elements were between 4 (strontium) and 12 (sulfur) times higher than upwind loadings, suggesting deposition of PM from the gypsum facility. The effect of fugitive emissions was strongest at the industrial facility's fenceline, closest to a conveyor belt that loads gypsum. Combined with documented reductions in insect larval longevity when exposed to gypsum dust, the results suggest that gypsum deposition may be affecting the ecosystem and endangered species in the downwind unit of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge.<i>Implications</i>: Fugitive dust has impacts not only on humans, but on other organisms. The Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (ADNWR) in California, set aside to protect the endangered <i>Apodemia mormo langei</i> butterfly, consists of two land units separated by a gypsum processing facility in between them. In this study, we demonstrate fugitive gypsum dust deposition on the downwind unit of the ADNWR, which may impact the endangered butterfly and its ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"813-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10194417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating PM_2.5 element concentration measurements for a nationwide monitoring network.","authors":"Colleen Marciel F Rosales,&nbsp;Frank Weber,&nbsp;Tracy L Dombek,&nbsp;Keith Levine,&nbsp;Andrea McWilliams,&nbsp;Nicholas J Spada,&nbsp;Nicole P Hyslop","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2247376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2247376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) concentrations have decreased dramatically over the past 20 years, thus lower method detection limits (MDL) are required for these measurements. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is used to quantify multiple elements simultaneously in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Chemical Speciation Network (CSN). Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is an alternative analysis with lower MDL for elements. Here, we present a side-by-side comparison of XRF and ICP-MS for elements in PM_2.5 samples collected via the EPA's CSN. For ICP-MS, a simple extraction and ICP-MS analysis technique was applied to a wide variety of samples to minimize effort and cost and serve as a feasibility test for a large monitoring network. Filter samples (<i>N</i> = 549) from various urban locations across the US were analyzed first analyzed via XRF at UC Davis and then ICP-MS at RTI International. Both methods measured 29 of the same elements out of the 33 usually reported to CSN. Of these 29, 14 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) were found to be frequently detected (i.e. had more than 10% of values above both XRF and ICP-MS MDL). ICP-MS was found to have lower MDL for 26 out of 29 elements, namely Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ce, Pb; conversely, XRF had lower MDL for 3 elements, namely, P, K, Zn. Intra-method quality checks using (1) inter-elemental inspection of scatter plots using <i>a priori</i> knowledge of element sources and (2) scatter plots of routine versus collocated measurements reveal that ICP-MS exhibits better measurement precision. Lower detection limits for element measurements in nationwide PM monitoring networks would benefit human-health and source apportionment research.<i>Implications</i>: We demonstrate that ICP-MS with adilute-acid digestion method would significantly improve the element detection rates and thus be avaluable addition to the current analysis techniques for airborne PM samples in anationwide monitoring network. In this paper, we show that a hybrid method of elemental analysis for airborne particulate matter (PM) would significantly improve the detection rates for elements in PM. This would be a valuable addition to the current analysis techniques for airborne PM samples in nationwide and other large-scale monitoring networks, such as the EPA's Chemical Speciation Network (CSN). The techniques explored in this study (i.e., X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy or XRF and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry or ICP-MS) are relevant to the PM monitoring and regulatory community audience of JAWMA, especially agencies and states that are already involved in CSN. In addition, our results outline considerations that give insight on factors to consider for other large-scale and long-term ambient air monitoring efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"730-736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10568756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical one-dimensional porous media model for microbial growth on pore plugging and permeability evolution and its verification.","authors":"Xinyu Luo,&nbsp;Angran Tian,&nbsp;Yuru Chen,&nbsp;Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Qiang Tang","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2248923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2248923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth, reproduction, and metabolic activities of microorganisms can lead to blockages within porous media, a phenomenon commonly observed in landfill engineering. Termed as microbial plugging, this phenomenon is significantly influenced by the inherent permeability characteristics of the system. In this study, we propose a simulation model based on the Monod equation to elucidate the clogging process caused by microorganisms in one-dimensional pore channels. Our primary focus is on the application of this model in landfill bioreactor systems. We demonstrate that microbial clogging in these systems is predominantly affected by factors such as the maximum environmental carrying capacity and pore size. These factors are directly influenced by the presence of solid waste within the landfill. By offering a theoretical foundation for mitigating microbial clogging in pore channels of landfill bioreactor systems, this research has the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient and effective waste management practices.<i>Implications:</i> Microbial plugging is a hot research topic in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. Previous papers often only considered the reduction of pore volumes, while neglecting the role of clogging and the uneven distribution of permeability. In this paper, we established a permeability model for porous media that considers microbial growth and plugging. This model can reflect the temporal variation of permeability with microbial growth and predict the spatial distribution of permeability. This paper can promote on the utilization of microbial plugging technology in landfills or solid waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"777-785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10029500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristic of competitive adsorption of HCHO and C₆H₆ on activated carbon by molecular simulation.","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Liu,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Jingjing Pei","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2249204","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2249204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the characteristic of competitive adsorption of formaldehyde (HCHO) and benzene(C₆H₆) on activated carbon, the slit models of activated carbon with different pore sizes of 1 nm, 2 nm and 4 nm were constructed by using the Visualizer module of Materials Studio molecular simulation software. The adsorption of single-component C₆H₆ and HCHO at three different temperatures of 288.15K,293.15K and 323.15K were conducted by the method of grand canonical Monte Carlo. Experiments were carried out to verify the accuracy of simulation results. For the single-compound adsorption, the adsorption amount of C₆H₆ varied little at different temperature conditions, while the pore size had a significant effect on the adsorption amount of C₆H₆, and the adsorption capability increased as the pore size goes up. The adsorption capacity of HCHO decreased as the temperature goes up, and the adsorption capacity of both 1 nm and 4 nm pore size activated carbon was less than that of 2 nm pore size. As for the competitive adsorption, HCHO has a better adsorption effect by activated carbon when the pore is in small size like 1 nm, while the competitive adsorption ability of C₆H₆ is much better than HCHO as the pore size goes up to 2 nm or 4 nm.<i>Implications</i>: (1) Understanding the equilibrium process of activated carbon adsorption at the molecular level based on the co-existence of multi-component VOCs. (2) The effects of concentration, temperature and humidity factors on the coupling of the dynamic equilibrium of competing adsorption of benzene and formaldehyde were analyzed. (3) The accuracy of the molecular simulations was verified using an experimental approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"797-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10049269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of industrial sludge particle size on the performance of baking-free sludge bricks.","authors":"Qingqing Tian,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhao,&nbsp;Lei Guo,&nbsp;Lixia Guo,&nbsp;Mingru Li","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2242808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2023.2242808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cement solidification is essential to reduce heavy metal leaching from industrial sludge and make it recyclable. This paper studied the effect of aggregate grading optimized by sludge containing heavy metal of different particle sizes on the performance of baking-free sludge bricks, which was mixed with industrial sludge cured by both micro-silica fume and cement. First, the gradation of fine natural aggregates was adjusted according to the Fuller curve. Fine aggregates in baking-free bricks were replaced by artificially processed sludge with particle sizes of 0.15 mm ~0.3 mm and 2.36 mm ~4.75 mm. In this case, a mixed proportion scheme was designed. Then, the strength, water absorption, porosity, and heavy metal leaching were measured. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the phase and pore structures were observed. The test results showed that: (1) Sludge can replace part of the fine aggregates to make baking-free bricks, resulting in the reduction of the strength of baking-free bricks, but the strength still meets the standard strength requirements of GB/T 21,144-2007. (2) When fine aggregates are partly replaced by sludge with finer particle sizes, baking-free sludge bricks exhibit higher strength, lower water absorption, better pore structures and microphase structure, and stronger solidification of heavy metals, the leaching number of heavy metals meets the standard requirements of GB5085.3-2007, which will be provided support for actual industrial production.<i>Implications</i>: Cement solidification is an essential means to reduce the heavy metal leaching from industrial sludge and make it recyclable. This paper studied sludge containing heavy metal of different particle sizes on the performance of baking-free sludge bricks. This paper analyzed the compressive strength, porosity and water absorption of baking-free bricks mixed with sludge of different partical sizes, and adopted the NMR to characterize the pores of baking-free bricks, and the SEM to observe the baking-free bricks resultants and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The heavy metal leaching test verified the environmental benefits of baking-free bricks mixed with sludge instead of aggregates. There not only make full use of solid wastes, but also thus minimizing pollution to the environment, which provide support for actual industrial production and a reference for studying industrial sludge recycling technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":"73 10","pages":"750-759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional impacts on air quality and health of changing a manufacturing facility's grid-boiler to a combined heat and power system.","authors":"Elaheh Safaei Kouchaksaraei,&nbsp;Ali Khosravani Semnani,&nbsp;Kody M Powell,&nbsp;Kerry E Kelly","doi":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2248922","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10962247.2023.2248922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor air quality is linked to numerous adverse health effects including strokes, heart attacks, and premature death. Improving energy efficiency in the industrial sector reduces air emissions and yields health benefits. One of these strategies, replacing an existing grid boiler (GB) with a combined heat and power (CHP) system, can improve a facility's energy efficiency but can also increase local air emissions, which in turn can affect health outcomes. Previous studies have considered air-emissions and health outcomes of CHP system installation at a single location, but few studies have investigated the regional air quality and health impacts of replacing an existing GB with new CHP system. This study estimates the emission changes and associated health impacts of this shift in 14 regions in the US, representing different electricity generation profiles. It assumes that one manufacturing facility in each region switches from an existing GB to a CHP system. The monetized annual US health benefits of shifting a single GB to a CHP in each of the 14 regions range from $-5.3 to 0.55 million (2022 USD), while including CHP emission control increases the benefits by 100-170% ($9,000 to 1.15 million (2022 USD)). This study also includes a sensitivity analysis, which suggests that the facility location (region, state, and county), boiler efficiency, and emission control of the CHP are key factors that would determine whether shifting from a GB to CHP system would result in health benefits or burdens.<i>Implications</i>: Combined heat and power (CHP) systems offer industrial facilities the opportunity to improve their energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, CHP systems also combust more fuel on site and can also increase local air emissions. This study evaluates how converting an existing grid boiler (GB) system to a CHP system (with or without emission control) affects local (from combustion) and regional emissions (from electricity consumption) and the associated health burdens in different US regions. A facility can use this study's analysis as an example for estimating the tradeoffs between local emission changes, regional emission changes, and health effects. It also provides a comparison between the incremental cost of adding SCR (compared to uncontrolled CHPs) and the NPV of the monetized health benefits associated with adding the SCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":49171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","volume":" ","pages":"760-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10022481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}