Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Relative fat mass and myopia in adolescents: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data.","authors":"Yan He","doi":"10.1017/S204017442610066X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S204017442610066X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is a peak period for myopia onset, which is closely related to environmental and lifestyle factors. Relative fat mass (RFM), a novel indicator of body fat, provides a more precise measure of adiposity. However, its relationship with myopia in adolescents remains poorly understood. To probe the connection between RFM and myopia in adolescents, this study included 8746 adolescents aged 12-19 years, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2008). Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -1.0 D. The relationship between RFM and adolescent myopia was assessed using a weighted logistic regression model. Restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine the nonlinear relationship between RFM and the odds of myopia. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted. Sensitivity analyses were performed using broader myopia diagnostic criteria (SE ≤ -0.75 D and SE ≤ -0.50 D). After adjusting for all confounding factors, the odds of myopia in the third and highest quartiles of RFM were 33% higher (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.64) and 35% higher (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.80), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. Each one-standard-deviation (9.06) increase in RFM was associated with a 12% higher odds of myopia in adolescents (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25). This association was more pronounced in males (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43). A significant positive association was also observed in the low-income population (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.49). Sensitivity analysis showed that when using SE ≤ -0.75 D and SE ≤ -0.50 D as the diagnostic criteria for myopia, RFM remained significantly positively associated with the odds of adolescent myopia, indicating the robustness of the results. Increased RFM was significantly associated with higher odds of myopia in adolescents, with a stronger association observed among males, suggesting that body fat control and RFM reduction may represent a promising direction for comprehensive myopia prevention and management in adolescents. Targeted interventions integrating weight management, healthy diet, regular physical activity, and accessible eye health services could be developed, particularly for male and low-income adolescents. However, longitudinal studies are needed for further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal high-fat diet impairs pancreatic β-cell development and reduces VAMP-2 levels in islets of mouse offspring.","authors":"Daniele Correia de Sales, Camila Calvo de Fontes, Adriana Prado Zanella, Carolina Martinez, Jane Cristina de Souza-Sporkens, Emerielle Cristine Vanzela, Izabelle Dias Benfato, Everardo Magalhães Carneiro, Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato, Carolina Prado de França Carvalho","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174426100646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal nutrition can influence offspring metabolism through metabolic programming, potentially leading to long-term disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the cellular- and tissue-level mechanisms involved in the metabolic programming, particularly regarding the endocrine pancreas, remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of maternal high-fat (HF) diet exposure on the biometric/metabolic profiles, β-cell morphometry, insulin secretion, and islet levels of the SNARE protein VAMP-2 and cytoskeletal F-actin, both critical to insulin granule exocytosis, in mouse offspring. Female C57BL6 mice were fed either a control (CON, 4.5% lipids) or a HF diet (35% lipids) during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring from both groups were evaluated at 3, 12, and 90 days of age. The offspring from HF diet-fed mothers exhibited significantly lower body weight from day 3 and increased visceral adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, associated with no significant changes in postprandial glycemia by adulthood. These alterations were accompanied by significant morphometric changes in the endocrine pancreas, including a reduction in total islet area, β-cell area, and β-cell number per islet, detectable from day 3 until adulthood. Additionally, adult islets from HF offspring showed elevated cellular F-actin labeling and reduced VAMP-2 protein levels, correlating with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. In conclusion, maternal HF diet exposure leads to metabolic disturbances and impaired β-cell function in offspring. These include reduced β-cell mass and secretory capacity, potentially due to an impaired cytoskeletal organization and insulin granule exocytosis, highlighting the long-term impact of maternal nutrition on offspring health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental origins of ADHD: sex-specific influences of early life unpredictability on symptom profiles.","authors":"Emily C Sweiss, Vanessa Vargas, Curt Sandman, Elysia Poggi Davis, Benjamin L Hankin, Laura M Glynn","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100622","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) increases risk of poor mental health outcomes, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In fact, ELA, especially in the form of \"household ACEs\" (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage, incarceration of a caregiver), is among the most robust environmental predictors of a later ADHD diagnosis. Exposure to unpredictability is an understudied form of ELA that captures instability or inconsistency in routines, household experiences, and family relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between unpredictability and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. Participants were drawn from two independent cohorts (Cohort 1: <i>N</i> = 99, <i>M_age</i> = 7.31 years [<i>SD</i> = 0.31]; Cohort 2: <i>N</i> = 217, <i>M_age</i> = 14.39 years [<i>SD</i> = 1.32]) participating in ongoing longitudinal studies of exposure to ELA. Unpredictability was measured by the Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood, and ADHD symptoms were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems subscale, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Kiddie Schedules for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia ADHD Screener. Childhood experiences of unpredictability were associated with ADHD symptoms in both cohorts and during childhood and adolescence. Further, associations were stronger in females than males. These findings show that unpredictability is a risk factor for ADHD which suggests that it should be explored as an early target for intervention to reduce the development of ADHD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine use in high-fat diet-exposed pregnant rats on glucose metabolism and oxidative status in dams and their offspring.","authors":"Tugba Tatar, Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci, Musa Tatar","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174426100634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal obesity has been associated with an increased risk of oxidative and metabolic disorders in offspring later in life. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, on obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired glucose metabolism in an experimental rat model. Maternal obesity was induced in female rats by administering a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat). NAC was given via intragastric gavage at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Female rats were mated at 12 weeks of age, and the respective diets were maintained throughout gestation and lactation. The experiment was concluded on postnatal day 28, at which point the offspring's blood samples and liver tissues were collected for analysis. Following standard histological processing, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect oxidative markers in liver tissue sections. In the HFD + NAC group, NAC supplementation ameliorated histological damage in both mothers and offspring's liver tissues. NAC treatment reduced 8-OHdG expression in the HFD + NAC group, indicating a protective effect against oxidative stress. NAC also had a modulatory effect on oxidative stress markers such as total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, PON1, ARES and malondialdehyde. HFD induces hepatic injury and oxidative stress in both dams and their offspring, contributing to impaired metabolic programming. Maternal NAC supplementation partially ameliorated these effects by reducing oxidative damage and improving glucose metabolism. However, its protective effects were limited, particularly in restoring antioxidant enzyme activity and fully normalizing metabolic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the influence of preconception paternal nutrition on offspring health: an evidence gap map.","authors":"Maurya Hart, Shreya Saha, Afreen Khan, Susan C Campisi, Kozeta Miliku","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100592","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework recognizes that preconception exposures influence offspring health, yet paternal nutrition has received little attention compared to maternal diet. To better understand this emerging area, we undertook a systematic evidence mapping exercise in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to develop an evidence gap map (EGM). Seventy-five studies examining paternal preconception diet and offspring health outcomes were identified, including sixty animal experiments and fifteen human observational studies. Animal studies consistently showed that paternal high-fat or low-protein diets impaired offspring metabolism, and that targeted dietary interventions such as omega-3 fatty acids or methyl donors, mitigated these effects. Human studies were fewer, narrower in scope, and largely focused on famine exposure or single food group intakes, with no randomized trials and only half of the studies accounting for maternal diet. Offspring outcomes were limited to birthweight and adiposity, with little investigation of cardiometabolic, neurodevelopmental, mental health, or other chronic disease-related outcomes. The current evidence therefore suggests that paternal diet may influence offspring health, but highlights major methodological and conceptual gaps in human research. By mapping the scope and limitations of the existing evidence, this study provides a roadmap for future Paternal Origins of Health and Disease research, and underscores the need to develop paternal-inclusive preconception nutrition strategies and public health interventions to improve intergenerational health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taumafa Kava: a Pacific framework to guide DOHaD-related research in Pacific communities.","authors":"Melenaite Tohi, Malakai Ofanoa, Siobhan Tu'akoi, Ofa Dewes, Mark H Vickers","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100609","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework highlights the link between adverse early-life environments and later risk for non-communicable disease (NCDs). DOHaD research has primarily focused on maternal health and, more recently, paternal health. However, it is increasingly clear that investment in the adolescent window may afford the best opportunity to break the transgenerational cycle of NCDs. Data on DOHaD understanding in adolescents remains limited, and in the context of this article, there remains a paucity of research undertaken with adolescents in Oceania, particularly Pacific adolescents, who experience a disproportionately high NCD burden. NCDs represent a complex health issue and therefore multisectoral approaches and collaborative partnerships across different disciplines, health and social professions and communities is required. Due to the significance of DOHaD research and the importance of investing in our children and adolescents for the future, we developed a framework called Taumafa Kava to guide DOHaD-related research in Pacific communities across Oceania. This framework is based on a Tongan Taumafa Kava ceremony and it is an introduction to the cultural significance of the methysticum plant root (kava) and its relevance in highlighting a shared responsibility to serve Pacific Peoples well in DOHaD research. Furthermore, it is a call to action highlighting the importance of understanding the need to deliver DOHaD research that is inclusive of Pacific knowledges, cultures, languages, identities and contexts. This framework has been applied in a research project to showcase the potential for this approach to be utilised in DOHaD-related research in Pacific communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal obesity programs adverse serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in rat offspring.","authors":"Truc T K Le, Gabriella A Andreani, Saleh Mahmood, Latha Ramalingam, Todd C Rideout","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174426100610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While maternal obesity is a well-established determinant of offspring cardiometabolic health, the contribution of paternal obesity to metabolic programming remains less well defined. This study investigated the impact of paternal obesity on obesity and metabolic health outcomes in male and female offspring using a Sprague Dawley rat model. Male rats were fed either a low-calorie control or high-calorie diet for a 6-week pre-conception period prior to mating with lean, control-fed females. Male and female offspring were assessed at weaning and in adulthood for growth parameters and cardiometabolic indices, including glycemic control, blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles, and liver fat. Paternal obesity was associated with adverse metabolic programming in offspring, characterized by dyslipidemia in both sexes, independent of early-life growth abnormalities or the development of obesity in adulthood. Newly-weaned offspring from obese fathers exhibited elevated total cholesterol in both sexes and increased serum triglycerides in females. In adulthood, offspring demonstrated increased LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, with male offspring displaying a specific increase in apolipoprotein B and a shift toward a more atherogenic lipoprotein subclass distribution, including higher concentrations of small LDL particles compared with male offspring from control fathers. These findings indicate that paternal obesity, even in the absence of postnatal overnutrition or offspring obesity, can program an advanced dyslipidemic phenotype in progeny. Paternal metabolic health may therefore represent an important and previously underappreciated early determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk in offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The infant gut microbiota: a narrative review about development and external determinants.","authors":"Thielen Borba da Costa, Juliana Dos Santos Vaz, Simone Pieniz","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100488","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review examines the development of the infant gut microbiota during the early months of life, highlighting the impact of delivery mode and feeding practices on microbial colonization and overall infant health. The search was conducted using the Virtual Health Library and PubMed databases, with the descriptors \"gut microbiota\" combined with \"breastfeeding\" (BF) and \"infant formula.\" After screening, 18 articles were selected for final analysis. Findings indicate that cesarean section reduces initial gut microbial diversity by 30%-50% and decreases <i>Bifidobacterium</i> colonization, while increasing the abundance of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Clostridium</i>. In contrast, exclusive BF supports a more favorable microbial profile, enriched in bifidobacteria, and contributes to immune system maturation. The literature also highlights the importance of other genera, including <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Veillonella</i>, and <i>Firmicutes</i>, in regulating inflammation, producing short-chain fatty acids, and protecting against pathogens. Supporting vaginal birth and exclusive BF emerges as a key strategy to promote a more resilient and health-promoting gut microbiota during infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-conception exposure to low doses of malathion during the juvenile and pubertal periods impairs placentation and offspring fetal development in female <i>Wistar</i> rats.","authors":"Giovanna Fachetti Frigoli, Ivana Regina Costa, Julia Rodrigues Greghi, Milena Cremer, Pedro Rocha Tenório, Maria Isabel Mello Martins, Fabio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva, Fábio Goulart de Andrade, Phelipe Oliveira Favaron, Glaura Scantamburlo Fernandes","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100580","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malathion is an insecticide widely used in agriculture and, in Brazil, was heavily applied in the 2010s to control Aedes mosquitoes. Its use exposes the general population, including children and adolescents, to this pesticide. As puberty reflects the maturing of the reproductive system, this study investigated whether preconception exposure to low doses of malathion during juvenile and pubertal stages affects fertility and pregnancy outcomes in Wistar rats. Female rats received daily gavage doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg from postnatal day (PND) 22 to 60. Puberty onset was monitored starting on PND 27. Following exposure, females were mated at the first proestrus and euthanized on gestational day (GD) 18. Malathion advanced puberty onset (M50) but did not impair fertility or serum hormonal levels. Females exposed to the higher dose showed increased urea levels. Additionally, placental integrity was compromised, with reduced placental glycogen (M10) and increased oxidative stress and reduced offspring CRL. These findings indicate that preconception exposure to low doses of malathion negatively impacted placentation and offspring's intrauterine development at GD 18.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the gap in reproductive health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: lessons learned from longitudinal perinatal cohort studies.","authors":"Kym Rae, Luciana Fiorella Massi, Salma M Ahmed, Anne-Marie Eades, Rhonda Marriott, Gail Garvey, Sandra Eades, Maree Toombs","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100567","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longitudinal, Indigenous-led research integrated with community-controlled continuity of care can improve and support perinatal outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in Australia. Across the past 35 years, seven cohorts have contributed complementary insights from pregnancy through early childhood with varying geographic reach and appropriate Indigenous governance. This paper discusses each of these cohorts and how these studies across pregnancy, birth and some continuing through early childhood, have substantially added to the body of knowledge related to perinatal health needs for women. Early cohorts (e.g., MUSP; Raine) advanced life‑course epidemiology but had low Indigenous representation, limiting perinatal inference for these communities. The Aboriginal Birth Cohort achieved exceptional long‑term retention and partnerships and from the late 2000s, Gomeroi gaaynggal enabled causation analyses using biomarkers. Finally, systems initiatives such as PANDORA and BiOC demonstrate successes with culturally safe pathways and Indigenous‑governed continuity models. Evidence suggests the approaches undertaken in the perinatal period must ensure the voices of Indigenous people are paramount particularly when care and research is being delivered to communities. Lessons learned from these cohorts highlight that Indigenous governance and workforce, co‑design and community‑embedded engagement enhance retention, relevance and translation; registries and continuity models deliver measurable outcome gains. The depth of knowledge identified in life-course research for Indigenous women can significantly add to the standard data collection tools used by state and national services.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}