Journal of Infection in Developing Countries最新文献

{"title":"Identification, genotyping, and genomic comparison of Streptococcus porcinus isolated from diseased swine in Brazil.","authors":"Carlos Ec Matajira, Luisa Z Moreno, Andre P Poor, Matheus S Monteiro, Vasco TdM Gomes, Maurício C Dutra, Mikaela Rf Barbosa, Maria Iz Sato, Andrea M Moreno","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Streptococcus porcinus is considered a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen for several animal species, including swine, and can cause systemic clinical conditions. There are morphological similarities between streptococcal species, leading to possible incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate treatment choice. Here, we describe the identification, and genotypic and genomic characterization of S. porcinus isolated from 5 adult sick pigs from Minas Gerais and São Paulo (Brazil) between 2010-2017.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Streptococcus spp. strains were isolated from vaginal discharge, joint abscess, and brain tissue received for routine diagnosis. They were identified as S. porcinus by mass spectrometry and partial sequencing of the groEL gene. Genotypic characterization by amplified fragment length polymorphism was performed. In addition, the genome of one of the S. porcinus invasive strains was sequenced and comparative analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotyping revealed that the nervous system and joint abscess invasive strains had higher genetic similarity and clustered separately from vaginal discharge strains. Genome sequencing of one of the invasive strains revealed the presence of genes conferring resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, lincosamides, and macrolides. A high level of similarity of the Brazilian strain genome with British and American strains was found. However, these strains also presented higher variation in their accessory genomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The circulation of S. porcinus invasive and resistant strains, and the lack of its identification demands attention, posing a risk for animals and workers in the swine industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1576-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and reliability of direct disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test from flagged-positive of blood culture.","authors":"Osman Sianipar, Rizka N Firdaus, Ira Puspitawati","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) done on blood cultures are critical for the treatment of patients suspected to be suffering from bloodstream infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of disc diffusion AST conducted directly (direct AST) from flagged-positive blood cultures, especially for Gram-positive cocci bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study compared direct AST with conventional AST (broth micro-dilution). The antibiotics studied were piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, and penicillin. Accuracy was determined by calculating very major, major, and minor errors. The reliability was determined by categorical agreement and weighted Kappa index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gram-positive cocci bacteria were grown in pairs of blood culture bottles and tested with the two methods of AST. No very major errors were detected among the five types of antibiotics. Major errors of 2.56% and minor errors of 4.93% were found when testing gentamicin. The major and minor errors when testing erythromycin were 2.85% and 1.23%, respectively. Perfect agreements (categorical agreement: 100%; weighted Kappa index: 1) of the two AST methods were observed with piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, and penicillin. Almost perfect agreement was found with gentamicin and erythromycin. Categorical agreement results when testing antibiotics gentamicin and erythromycin were 93.83% and 97.53%, respectively. In addition, the weighted-Kappa index when testing these two antibiotics were 0.92 and 0.96, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The accuracy and reliability of the direct AST was within acceptable limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1539-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMV reactivation in immunocompetent critically ill intensive care unit patients: a retrospective study.","authors":"Taylan Onder, Sevil Alkan, Ebru Dogan, Alper Sener","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in immunosuppressive patients and causes adverse clinical outcomes. CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients is less known. We aimed to retrospectively investigate CMV reactivation in immunocompetent critically ill patients with bacterial growth in lower respiratory tract; and investigate the relationship between reactivation and outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Intensive care unit (ICU) patients that were CMV IgG-positive, CMV IgM-negative immunocompetent, mechanically ventilated for over 48 hours, and were diagnosed with respiratory tract colonization with Acinetobacter baumannii or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were included. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on serum and endotracheal aspirate samples. The patients were divided into groups of those with and without VAP and sepsis. Reactivation rates and CMV DNA levels were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CMV reactivation was seen in 27 of 34 patients (79.4%). CMV DNA level was 5.8 times higher in patients with VAP and sepsis than patients without, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.717). LOS and mechanical ventilation duration were higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.047 and 0.036). No relationship was found between reactivation and mortality (p = 0.774).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of CMV reactivation was 79.4%. This was the second-highest reactivation rate reported in the literature. The reactivation was associated with prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1583-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in wound infections: a hospital study in Hawassa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Biruktawit Sahle, Yared Merid","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wound infections are common nosocomial infections associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a major cause of hospital-acquired wound infections. This study aimed to determine the burden and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus and MRSA, among patients with wound infections at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), Hawassa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 admitted patients with wound infections at HUCSH from April to August 2021. Wound swabs were aseptically collected and cultured for bacterial isolation and drug susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and descriptive statistics were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 246 clinical specimens analyzed, S. aureus was isolated from 57 (23.2%), of which 5 (8.8%) were identified as MRSA. All S. aureus strains were sensitive to linezolid. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (52 strains, 91.2%), and 24.6% of S. aureus strains were found to be multidrug resistant. All MRSA strains were isolated from patients with no history of past wound infection, and all of them were sensitive to vancomycin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified S. aureus (23.2%) and MRSA (8.8%) along with their antimicrobial resistance among patients with wound infections at HUCSH. A substantial proportion (24.6%) of S. aureus exhibited multidrug resistance. However, all MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Continuous drug resistance monitoring (drug surveillance) is crucial to manage and prevent resistance spread in the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1530-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on gut microbiota: the need for well-designed longitudinal studies.","authors":"Oumar Dolo, Fousseini Coulibaly, Anou M Somboro, Djeneba B Fofana, Josue Togo, Aliou Balde, Dramane Diallo, Aminata Maiga, Bassirou Diarra, Robert L Murphy, Saidou Balam, Jane Holl, Mariam Sylla, Mamoudou Maiga, Almoustapha I Maiga","doi":"10.3855/jidc.18878","DOIUrl":"10.3855/jidc.18878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major public health concern despite a significant decline in HIV-related mortality and morbidity. These significant advances are linked mostly to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, these treatments are not without consequences on other microorganisms in our body, especially when they must be used for life. Balanced gut microbiota is essential for maintaining human health through symbiotic relationship with the host cells.</p><p><strong>Aims and methodology: </strong>This review focuses on ART and its potential impact on the intestinal microbial population of HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we retrieved studies focusing on the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, that were published from 2010 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that most studies on HIV ART and associated gut microbiota have been cross-sectional, and the findings, in general, showed significant damages caused by the ART to the gut microbial community (dysbiosis), with the impact varying in different studies. These changes also revealed dysfunction in microbial translocation and some immune markers, including T lymphocyte rates and the overall inflammation balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are significant gaps in our understanding of the impact of HIV ART on gut microbiota. Thus, a longitudinal study is likely needed with a considerable sample size from different settings and classes of ART to better understand the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, and develop remedial (restorative) and adjunctive host-directed strategies during HIV ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1461-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers and prognostic analysis in geriatric patients with sepsis.","authors":"Yeping Bian, Jian Xu, Xiaojing Deng, Suming Zhou, Jiayi Tong","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to find the lipid metabolism-associated biomarkers in geriatric patients with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The gene expression profiles of specimens from geriatric patients with sepsis were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were obtained via \"limma\" R package, and modules and genes highly associated with geriatric patients with sepsis were screened via \"WGCNA\" R package. The study also involved conducting enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, as well as analyzing protein-protein interaction networks. The receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to determine the diagnostic values of hub genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 73 differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (DELRGs) were retained from the 1,317 differentially expressed genes, 8,335 module genes, and 1,045 lipid metabolism-related genes. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that DELRGs were mostly related to lipid metabolism. We identified ten hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network of DELRGs. The result of receiver operating characteristic validation indicated that seven hub genes (PPARG, ACSL1, IRS2, PLA2G4A, ALOX5, SPTLC1, and JAK2) worked as the biomarkers of geriatric patients with sepsis. The prognostic nomogram suggested that the set of seven hub genes can be utilized to evaluate the mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We screened seven lipid metabolism-related hub genes with diagnostic values. These molecules may exert a pivotal influence on the progression of sepsis in geriatric patients, as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1502-1511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular identification of Hymenolepis spp. in Rattus rattus and children with diarrhea from Upper Egypt.","authors":"Menna-Tala Zakaria Abd-Elrahman, Amal Sm Sayed, Doaa Abdelhafez Younes, Alam El-Din Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed, Samia Qasem Alghamdi, Amira A Saleh, Hind Alzaylaee, Manal F El-Khadragy, Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy","doi":"10.3855/jidc.18462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hymenolepiasis remains among the most common parasitic zoonoses in developing countries. Little information is available about hymenolepiasis in children in Upper Egypt and rodents' contribution to maintaining the disease's epidemiology.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Hymenolepis spp. in Rattus rattus and children in Asyut Governorate, Egypt. Rodents (n = 100) were randomly trapped from various localities in Asyut Governorate, and stool samples from 120 children were collected from the same localities. Laboratory examination of the collected samples involved investigation of the small intestine of R. rattus for adult worm detection by morphological examination, followed by examination of stool samples of children using direct smear, formol-ether sedimentation technique, and Sheather's sugar flotation technique. Confirmation of Hymenolepis spp. positive samples were performed using polymerase chain reaction targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed the occurrence of Hymenolepis spp. in 45% of the examined R. rattus, comprising 43% positivity for H. diminuta and 2% for mixed infection by H. nana and H. diminuta. Hymenolepis nana was detected in 28.3% of the examined children. PCR-RFLP confirmed these findings, showing 100% sensitivity. Collectively, these findings reveal the potential contribution of R. rattus as an important reservoir for Hymenolepis infection in Upper Egypt.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study concluded that personal education, periodical deworming of children, rodent control, and hygienic measures should be implemented by governmental and nongovernmental organizations to reduce the incidence of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 10","pages":"1601-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing COVID-19 outcomes among healthcare workers: a retrospective study.","authors":"Nawfal R Hussein, Ronahi Y Ibrahim, Shameran S Daniel, Majeed H Mustafa, Salar N Jakhsi, Shilan Mt Husamaldeen, Khalid H Haleem, Ibrahim A Naqid, Zana Sm Saleem, Ahmed S Mahdi, Nashwan Mr Ibrahim, Ameen M Mohammad, Avan S Saleh, Rasheed M Ameen, Dildar H Musa, Rojan S Saleh, Selah S Haji","doi":"10.3855/jidc.18846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this research was to investigate the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in healthcare workers, assess the incidence of infection among them, and identify factors linked to the severity of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, from September 2021 to January 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,958 participants, of whom 1,338 (68.33%) contracted the infection. Among them, 830 (62.03%) and 372 (27.81%) patients experienced mild and moderate infections, respectively, while 136 (10.1%) had severe infections. The results indicated that several factors, including maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding obesity, having a chronic condition, working consecutive hours, and being in an overwhelmed work environment were significantly associated with a higher severity of infection (p < 0.05). However, factors such as smoking habits, adherence to preventive health guidelines, direct exposure to COVID-19 patients, work days and patterns, family members with COVID-19, and hand/glove sterilization did not appear to have a significant effect on the severity of infection (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings may offer valuable insights for clinicians and public health officials, and aid in the development of effective strategies to manage COVID-19 patients based on their risk factors for infection severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 9.1","pages":"S198-S205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with CAUTI: a study in Vietnam.","authors":"Dao Vu Do, Thi Hai Van Pham, Sam Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen, Xuan Co Dao","doi":"10.3855/jidc.18620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urethral catheterization is commonly required in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). However, this increases their vulnerability to nosocomial infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Existing studies on nosocomial infections in COVID-19 patients usually report CAUTI prevalence but neglect the clinical differences between CAUTI and non-CAUTI patients. This study aimed to assess clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with CAUTI vs non-CAUTI patients in an ICU.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We analyzed the clinical data from a retrospective cohort study of 527 critically ill COVID-19 patients who required urethral catheterization at the ICU of Bach Mai hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from August to October 2021. A total of 69 patients (n = 37 CAUTI vs n = 32 non-CAUTI) were selected for urine culture, and their clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes were recorded for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 patients with CAUTI had a higher mortality rate compared to those without CAUTI (p = 0.02). The length of stay in the ICU was 1.4 times longer for CAUTI patients compared to the non-CAUTI group (p = 0.03). Fungi was the most common microbiological cause of UTI in COVID-19 ICU (91.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a significant risk factor of CAUTI. P. aeruginosa, number of antibiotics used, and duration of catheterization had a strong association with the patients' survival time in ICU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a better understanding of CAUTI in COVID-19 patients, thus facilitating their future treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 9.1","pages":"S153-S162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of re-infection cases and influencing factors post first severe COVID-19 wave in Jiangsu Province, China.","authors":"Qigang Dai, Changjun Bao, Hao Ju, Na Li, Shizhi Wang, Jiaxin Wen, Qiang Zhou, Liling Chen, Yujun Chen, Lei Xu, Xin Zhou, Songning Ding, Jianli Hu, Fengcai Zhu","doi":"10.3855/jidc.20031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.20031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess COVID-19 re-infection rates among individuals previously infected between 2020 and November 2022, particularly during the first wave of high-intensity transmission, and to identify the risk factors associated with re-infection in Jiangsu Province, China.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Epidemiological investigations were conducted through telephone interviews and face-to-face visits in February and March 2023. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square or Fisher`s exact test for categorical data, Student's t-test for numerical data, Poisson regression for influencing factors, and Kaplan-Meier for cumulative re-infection risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 12,910 individuals surveyed, 957 (7.4%) cases of re-infection were identified. Re-infection rates varied significantly by initial infection period: 42.5% in January-February 2020, 15.5% in July-August 2021, 6.7% in March-April 2022, and 1.1% in September-October 2022. Females and individuals aged 18-50 years were more susceptible to re-infection. A reduced risk of re-infection was observed in those who received four vaccine doses, with a relative risk of 0.25 (p = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For populations prone to COVID-19 re-infections, particularly females and young adults aged 18-50 years, receiving four or more vaccine doses effectively reduces the likelihood of repeated infections. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize vaccination and protect high-risk groups in COVID-19 prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"18 9.1","pages":"S92-S100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}