Journal of Infection in Developing Countries最新文献

{"title":"Acute viral gastroenteritis following rotavirus vaccine implementation in Venezuela: Is rotavirus still a cause for concern?","authors":"José Zerpa, Antonio J Maldonado, María Z Sulbaran, Alicia Jorquera, Rixio Fernández, Rita E Rosales, Michele Gatto, Esmeralda Vizzi","doi":"10.3855/jidc.20933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.20933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a major public health concern for the pediatric population. Diarrheal surveillance in Venezuela following the implementation of the rotavirus vaccines has been discontinuous, resulting in a lack of knowledge of the true epidemiological burden. This study investigated retrospectively the occurrence of enteropathogenic virus infections and potential changes in the etiological pattern of diarrheal disease in Venezuelan children during the post-vaccination period.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Stool samples from 150 children with AGE and 148 controls under five years old collected in 2012-2013, were analyzed using molecular assays by rotavirus, norovirus, human adenovirus, human astrovirus, and Aichi virus. Clinical and sociodemographic associations were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>At least one virus was found in 66 (44%) of the children with AGE, and in 12 (8.1%) of the control group (p < 0.0001), mostly under 24 months old. Norovirus and rotavirus prevailed significantly in the AGE group (19.3% and 18%, respectively) compared to the control group (4.7% and 0%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Astrovirus, adenovirus, and Aichi virus were found in 5.3% or less of the children. Malnutrition, lack of breastfeeding, absence of rotavirus vaccination, and lower socioeconomic status were more frequent among AGE children than in controls (p = 0.014). This study suggests that rotavirus continued circulating widely even after vaccine introduction. It emphasizes the importance of norovirus and other viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, and Aichi virus) as potentially emerging causes of pediatric diarrhea. Future strategies for precise health management and prevention of viral diarrhea should include surveillance using molecular methods alongside sanitation efforts and measures to reduce poverty and malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1407-1418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of synergic activity of ceftazidime and colistin, and the effect of baicalin on biofilms.","authors":"İlknur Biyik, Yeliz Tanriverdi Çayci, Asuman Birinci","doi":"10.3855/jidc.21131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine the rates of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n: 136) isolates from different samples collected from intensive care patients; and to determine the synergistic effects of the combination of ceftazidime and colistin, and the inhibitory effect of baicalin on biofilm formation in strong biofilm-producing bacteria (3+).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Previous studies have performed biofilm grading based on microplate absorbance measurement to phenotype the biofilm formation rate. The in vitro synergistic efficacy of the combination of colistin and ceftazidime was evaluated using the checkerboard method for strains with 3+ biofilm test results. In addition, sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC; MIC/2, MIC/4, MIC/8) values of the biofilm inhibitory effect of baicalin were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biofilm microplate method identified 5.15% of the isolates producing strong (3+) biofilms. Baicalin inhibited biofilm formation by 67.00-90.64% at sub-MIC concentration of 512 µg/mL, in 7 strong biofilm-producing isolates. These findings suggest that baicalin is a potential adjunctive therapy for disrupting biofilms, although the combination of ceftazidime and colistin may not be effective in this context.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No synergistic effect of ceftazidime and colistin antibiotics was detected in high biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates from an intensive care unit, and it was determined that certain concentrations of baicalin were effective in biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1384-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sensitivity of African Swine Fever active surveillance efforts in Serbia.","authors":"Vesna Milićević, Klaas Dietze, Dimitrije Glišić, Sofija Šolaja, Ljubiša Veljović, Jelena Maksimović Zorić, Miroljub Dačić","doi":"10.3855/jidc.21119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>African Swine Fever (ASF) poses a significant threat to swine populations and the global pork industry. Effective surveillance is critical for early detection and control of the disease. However, active surveillance programs may face challenges in sensitivity, particularly in regions like Serbia, where ASF is an emerging concern.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study evaluated the sensitivity of active surveillance efforts for ASF in Serbia, focusing on sampling strategies, diagnostic methods, and data analysis. Surveillance activities included field sampling in high-risk areas, testing of domestic pigs and wild boars, and assessment of diagnostic accuracy for early detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed low sensitivity in the current active surveillance framework, attributed to suboptimal sampling density, limited diagnostic reliability, and logistical constraints in high-risk regions. These limitations potentially delay ASF detection, increasing the risk of disease spread and complicating control measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhancing ASF surveillance in Serbia requires improving sampling strategies, deploying advanced diagnostic tools, and addressing logistical challenges to increase detection sensitivity and safeguard the swine industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1419-1424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis after neurosurgical operation: an easily overlooked but serious condition.","authors":"Ying Liu, Jiong Tang, Yirong Wang, Fenfang Cui, Yan Yang","doi":"10.3855/jidc.20729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.20729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) is a commensal that mainly colonizes in the microflora of the genitourinary tracts and is associated with urogenital tract infections. There are reports of central nervous system (CNS) infections in neonates caused by M. hominis. Nevertheless, M. hominis CNS infections in non-neonatal patients are extremely rare. Herein, we have reported a case of a man who suffered from intracranial infection secondary to M. hominis after neurosurgical operation. Additionally, we reviewed the relevant published literature to raise awareness on such infections and highlight the importance of proper treatments.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 68-year-old man underwent emergence craniotomy for intracerebellar hemorrhage. He presented with a moderate fever unresponsive to piperacillin-tazobactam on the seventh day after the surgery. His body temperature continued to increase, and he presented with signs of CNS infection. The antimicrobial therapy was switched to meropenem and vancomycin. No obvious reduction in the body temperature was observed. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained previously revealed tiny point colonies which were morphologically consistent with M. hominis and subsequently confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Thus, M. hominis induced intracranial infection was diagnosed, and a combination therapy with moxifloxacin and minocycline was implemented. Fortunately, the patient's body temperature decreased to normal range after effective antibiotic therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the lesson of our case and a thorough review of published literature, the possibility of M. hominis induced CNS infections after neurosurgical intervention should not be ignored, especially when there is no response to standard antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1425-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The digital revolution in healthcare: how AI is reshaping the battle against infectious diseases in developing countries.","authors":"Vicente S Antonello, Ivan Carlos Ferreira Antonello","doi":"10.3855/jidc.22147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.22147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1283-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scabies cases at a dermatological outpatient clinic in Türkiye: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Kevser Atalık, Mine Çevik, Ayşe Demet Kaya, Ülken Tunga Babaoğlu","doi":"10.3855/jidc.20659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.20659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Annually, scabies affects more than 400 million people worldwide and is an important public health problem. This study investigated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with scabies at a major dermatologic clinic in Turkiye in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective evaluation was performed on outpatients diagnosed with scabies between 2014 and 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 759 of the 48,381 patients (1.6%) who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic were diagnosed with scabies. The incidence rate of scabies was 0.5-0.9% before the pandemic, which increased to 3.1-4.4% in 2020-2022. Cases were more common in October-December (36.5%), and 57.9% of patients were 18-44 years old. Those aged 1-6 years showed an increased rate of scabies from 3% to 7.8% during the pandemic. There was no significant difference according to gender or nationality. All patients complained of itching, and 35% had a history of contact with individuals who were diagnosed with scabies. The recurrence rate was 27.3%. Lesions of 73.1% of patients showed a generalized distribution, as well as local lesions on the hands (7.9%), genital area (6.4%), trunk (4.0%), arms (3.0%), legs (2.8%), feet (1.6%), and head (1.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results emphasize that scabies can develop regardless of age, gender, and ethnicity, and periods such as pandemics may delay diagnosis and treatment, leading to a higher occurrence of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1308-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pathogens isolated from wound infections and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in a wound care unit.","authors":"Mehmet Yucens, Tuğba Sari, Nadir Aydemir, Suna Seçil Öztürk, Alp Akman, Ozan Inal, Fahir Demirkan","doi":"10.3855/jidc.21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wound infections, particularly diabetic foot infections (DFIs), are major clinical challenges, often exacerbated by polymicrobial colonization and rising antibiotic resistance. This study evaluates the pathogens isolated from DFIs in a Turkish hospital and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles to guide empirical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in the orthopaedic wound care unit of Pamukkale University Hospital. Data from 478 wound cultures of 136 patients treated between 11/02/2021 and 02/03/2023 were analyzed. Pathogens were identified using microbiological methods and the VITEK 2 system, with antibiotic susceptibility testing performed via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 478 clinical samples, 66.9% displayed monomicrobial growth, and 32.1% were polymicrobial. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent, found in 85.7% of samples, with Escherichia coli (21.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) being the dominant isolates. Gram-positive organisms were identified in 50.6% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus (11.7%) as the most common, of which 8.9% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were detected in 320 Gram-negative isolates, including E. coli (89 isolates), P. aeruginosa (40), and Proteus spp. (50). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was observed in 27.1% of the isolates, and carbapenem resistance in 2.3%. Notably, MDR pathogens were more frequent in patients with osteomyelitis, amputations, or HbA1c levels > 8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli and P. aeruginosa, were the predominant pathogens in DFIs in Turkey. The increasing prevalence of MDR strains necessitates careful selection of empirical antibiotics, favoring coverage of Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa over MRSA until culture results are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1351-1358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing and analysis of the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 strains.","authors":"Firuze Soyak, Tugba Sari, Onur Tokgun, Ahmet Caliskan, Huseyin Turgut","doi":"10.3855/jidc.19720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.19720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that emerged shortly after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began have altered epidemiological and clinical findings; and these variants changed the course of this health crisis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing was performed on SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from 21 patients with COVID-19. The frequency of structural changes in the virus and their effects on clinical findings of the disease were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The spike Q493R mutation was detected more frequently in patients who had received four or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.043). The clinical effect of the spike R346K and A263T mutations (reported in Türkiye for the first time) detected in a patient who had received four doses of the vaccine in the 3 months prior to being infected with COVID-19 could be related to escape from the antibody response. The spike R21T mutation may increase the virus's entry into intestinal cells; and, as a result it may be responsible for severe clinical course and gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient infected with the Omicron BA.2 subvariant with the spike L452M mutation exhibited a significant increase in inflammatory parameters; suggesting that this mutation may trigger an excessive immune response and hyperinflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study based in Türkiye that evaluated the clinical impact of variations in the sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants. There is a need for further investigation into the clinical impact of these results in a larger population spread over more centers, and more sequencing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1322-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the correlation between carbapenem antibiotic use and the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Cheng Tang, Yaosheng Mei, Hang Fang, Wei Wang, Meiyan Lv","doi":"10.3855/jidc.20950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.20950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This meta-analysis evaluates the correlation between carbapenem antibiotic use and the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comprehensive literature search conducted across multiple databases yielded seven clinical experimental studies involving 4,417 patients. The primary outcomes assessed were the risk factors associated with CRPA infection, drug resistance rates, and the comparison of resistance rates between meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IPM). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality, and Egger's test and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NOS scores for the included studies ranged between 6 and 8, indicating their generally high quality. The analysis indicated that prior carbapenem use significantly increased the risk of CRPA infection (OR = 1.866, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.164-2.993, p = 0.010). The drug resistance rates of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems ranged between 21.07% and 37.90%. There was no significant difference in drug resistance rates between MEM and IPM (risk ratio = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99-1.21, p = 0.517).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With drug resistance rates between 21.07% and 37.90%, these findings suggest that carbapenem use is associated with an increased risk of CRPA infection, highlighting the need for the judicious use of these antibiotics in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1377-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection in healthcare personnel in Turkey.","authors":"Betül Altıntaş Öner, Banu Hümeyra Keskin, Hatun Öztürk Çerik","doi":"10.3855/jidc.21139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among health care workers in Zonguldak Gynecology and Pediatrics Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The records of healthcare personnel working in the hospital between 2023 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system (HIMS) and periodic examination forms. Age, gender, job, and test results for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV), Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and HIV antibodies (anti-HIV/1-2) were all recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 364 healthcare personnel, including 25 doctors, 135 nurses, 14 technicians, 39 cleaning staff, and 151 other personnel, were included in the study. The staff comprised 266 (73%) female and 98 (27%) male workers, and the mean age was 37.69 ± 9.95 years. The HBsAg positivity rate was found to be 0.8%, and the anti-HBs positivity rate was noted to be 82.9%. Significant differences were determined for age, gender, and anti-HBs among occupational groups (p < 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HBs was markedly elevated in the group of doctors (p < 0.001). The anti-HBs value was statistically significantly different between occupational groups (p < 0.001). No staff members tested positive for anti-HCV or anti-HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in infection rates and immunological responses were seen among various occupational groups, emphasizing the necessity for targeted medical attention within this population. Healthcare personnel should have screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV, and individuals susceptible to HBV should receive vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":49160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","volume":"19 9","pages":"1345-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}