Public Health Ethics最新文献

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Informed Decision-Making and Capabilities in Population-based Cancer Screening. 基于人口的癌症筛查中的知情决策和能力。
IF 1.4 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-10-03 eCollection Date: 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac023
Ineke L L E Bolt, Maartje H N Schermer, Hanna Bomhof-Roordink, Danielle R M Timmermans
{"title":"Informed Decision-Making and Capabilities in Population-based Cancer Screening.","authors":"Ineke L L E Bolt, Maartje H N Schermer, Hanna Bomhof-Roordink, Danielle R M Timmermans","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/phe/phac023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informed decision-making (IDM) is considered an important ethical and legal requirement for population-based screening. Governments offering such screening have a duty to enable invitees to make informed decisions regarding participation. Various views exist on how to define and measure IDM in different screening programmes. In this paper we first address the question which components should be part of IDM in the context of cancer screening. Departing from two diverging interpretations of the value of autonomy-as a right and as an ideal-we describe how this value is operationalized in the practice of informed consent in medicine and translate this to IDM in population-based cancer screening. Next, we specify components of IDM, which is voluntariness and the requirements of disclosure and understanding. We argue that whereas disclosure should contain all information considered relevant in order to enable <i>authentic</i> IDM, understanding of basic information is sufficient for a <i>valid</i> IDM. In the second part of the paper we apply the capability approach in order to argue for the responsibility of the government to warrant equal and real opportunities for invitees for IDM. We argue that additional conditions beyond mere provision of information are needed in order to do so.</p>","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":"15 3","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/54/phac023.PMC9883722.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10642157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Realizing Ubuntu in Global Health: An African Approach to Global Health Justice 实现全球健康的Ubuntu:非洲实现全球健康正义的途径
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac022
N. Jecker, C. Atuire, Nora Kenworthy
{"title":"Realizing Ubuntu in Global Health: An African Approach to Global Health Justice","authors":"N. Jecker, C. Atuire, Nora Kenworthy","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the question, ‘What do we owe each other as members of a global community during a global health crisis?’ In tandem, it has raised underlying concerns about how we should prepare for the next infectious disease outbreak and what we owe to people in other countries during normal times. While the prevailing bioethics literature addresses these questions drawing on values and concepts prominent in the global north, this paper articulates responses prominent in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper first introduces a figurative ‘global health village’ to orient readers to African traditional thought. Next, it considers ethical requirements for governing a global health village, drawing on the ethic of ubuntu to formulate African renderings of solidarity, relational justice and sufficiency. The final section of the paper uses these values to critique current approaches, including COVAX, the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) accelerator, and a proposed international Pandemic Treaty. It proposes a path forward that better realizes ubuntu in global health.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44035538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Holly Wardlow, Fencing in AIDS: Gender, Vulnerability and Care in Papua New Guinea Holly Wardlow,艾滋病击剑:巴布亚新几内亚的性别、脆弱性和护理
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac020
Katherine Furman
{"title":"Holly Wardlow, Fencing in AIDS: Gender, Vulnerability and Care in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Katherine Furman","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
James Wilson. Philosophy for Public Health & Policy: Beyond the Neglectful State 詹姆士·威尔逊。公共卫生与政策哲学:超越忽视状态
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac018
Diego S. Silva
{"title":"James Wilson. Philosophy for Public Health & Policy: Beyond the Neglectful State","authors":"Diego S. Silva","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44249783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data Medicine: ‘Broad’ or ‘Dynamic’ Consent? 数据医学:“广泛”同意还是“动态”同意?
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac014
Henri-Corto Stoeklé, E. Hulier-Ammar, C. Hervé
{"title":"Data Medicine: ‘Broad’ or ‘Dynamic’ Consent?","authors":"Henri-Corto Stoeklé, E. Hulier-Ammar, C. Hervé","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The General Data Protection Regulation imposes, at European level, a need to seek express or explicit consent for the processing of health data. In the framework of biomedical research, some favor the use of express ‘broad’ consent, whereas other maintain, or wish to maintain the use of presumed or implicit consent, often referred to as ‘non-opposition’ in conditions in which such consent is still authorized. In our view, broad consent and presumed consent are likely to prove to be easy solutions in the short term but much less relevant in the long term, for both hospital and patients, if the bioethical objective remains the improvement of patient quality of life and/or survival, regardless of the disease considered. Dynamic consent could be the best way to achieve this objective because only this type of consent could improve hospital transparency and increase patient confidence by allaying certain fears.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Democratic Ethical Consumption and Social Justice 民主伦理消费与社会正义
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac011
A. Albertsen
{"title":"Democratic Ethical Consumption and Social Justice","authors":"A. Albertsen","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hassoun argues that the poor in the world have a right to health and that the Global Health Impact Index provides consumers in well-off countries with the opportunity to ensure that more people have access to essential medicines. Because of this, these consumers would be ethically obliged to purchase Global Health Impact Index-labeled products in the face of existing global inequalities. In presenting her argument, Hassoun rejects the so-called democratic account of ethical consumption in favor of the positive change account. Two versions of the democratic change account are relevant. One underscores the importance of democratic procedures and institutions, while the other stresses our fundamental moral equality. While at least one prominent institutionalist account has problems, revised versions would be less vulnerable to Hassoun’s counterexamples. Furthermore, institutionalist accounts come with the epistemological gains from democratic procedures and deliberations, which may be especially important under uncertainty. Finally, and perhaps more challenging for the Global Health Impact index project, this measure may place the burden unfairly on those who need to buy medicines. This is a pivotal insight from the non-institutionalist version of the democratic account of ethical consumption.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Firearm Violence in the United States: An Issue of the Highest Moral Order 美国的枪支暴力:最高道德秩序问题
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac017
Chisom N Iwundu, M. Homan, A. Moore, Pierce Randall, S. Daundasekara, D. Hernandez
{"title":"Firearm Violence in the United States: An Issue of the Highest Moral Order","authors":"Chisom N Iwundu, M. Homan, A. Moore, Pierce Randall, S. Daundasekara, D. Hernandez","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Firearm violence in the United States produces over 36,000 deaths and 74,000 sustained firearm-related injuries yearly. The paper describes the burden of firearm violence with emphasis on the disproportionate burden on children, racial/ethnic minorities, women and the healthcare system. Second, this paper identifies factors that could mitigate the burden of firearm violence by applying a blend of key ethical theories to support population level interventions and recommendations that may restrict individual rights. Such recommendations can further support targeted research to inform and implement interventions, policies and laws related to firearm access and use, in order to significantly reduce the burden of firearm violence on individuals, health care systems, vulnerable populations and society-at-large. By incorporating a blended public health ethics to address firearm violence, we propose a balance between societal obligations and individual rights and privileges.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
DALYs and the Minimally Good Life DALY与最低限度的美好生活
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac012
Tim Campbell
{"title":"DALYs and the Minimally Good Life","authors":"Tim Campbell","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nicole Hassoun’s book Global Health Impact: Extending Access to Essential Medicines has three parts. Part 1 is about the right to health, Part 2 offers a concrete proposal for how to promote the ability of people in the developing world to live minimally good lives and Part 3 is concerned with consumer responsibility as it relates to global health. I argue that there is a philosophical tension between the respective projects of Parts 1 and 2. The project of Part 1 reflects a sufficientarian ideal, namely ensuring that each person in our global community has the ability to live a minimally good life. But, the concrete proposal offered in Part 2 reflects a different ideal, namely maximizing global health benefit. While these two ideals may often converge on a set of feasible health outcomes that we should aim to bring about, they can also diverge. The extent to which they diverge depends on our specification of the minimally good life. It is therefore crucial that we have a criterion for distinguishing lives that are at least minimally good from those that are not. Unfortunately, Hassoun’s proposed criterion is problematic in that no life satisfies it.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41655673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Metric Used in the Global Health Impact Project: Implicit Values and Unanswered Questions 在全球健康影响项目中使用的度量:隐含的价值和未回答的问题
IF 2.1 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac015
Y. Asada
{"title":"The Metric Used in the Global Health Impact Project: Implicit Values and Unanswered Questions","authors":"Y. Asada","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The core aims of the Global Health Impact Project include incentivizing pharmaceutical companies for socially conscious production and promoting socially conscious consumption among consumers. Its backbone is a metric that computes the amount of illness burden alleviated by a pharmaceutical drug. This essay aims to assess the connection between values and numbers in the Global Health Impact Project. Specifically, I concentrate on two issues, the anonymity of illness burden and the distribution of health benefits. The former issue asks whether we should treat the illness burden of every person the same. The latter issue asks among whom health benefits should be fairly distributed. Examination of these issues begs for clarification of some of the key concepts of the Global Health Impact Project, such as the definition of essential medicines and the significance of national borders. Although this essay focuses on the two particular metric issues in the Global Health Impact Project, its core argument is applicable to other metrics for ethically motivated initiatives—to construct a metric for an ethically motivated initiative, it is not only important to articulate underlying concepts and values, but it is also important to operationalize them, so they are consistently reflected in the metric.","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Commercial mHealth Apps and Unjust Value Trade-offs: A Public Health Perspective. 商业移动医疗应用程序与不公正的价值权衡:公共卫生视角。
IF 1.4 3区 哲学
Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 eCollection Date: 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac016
Leon W S Rossmaier
{"title":"Commercial mHealth Apps and Unjust Value Trade-offs: A Public Health Perspective.","authors":"Leon W S Rossmaier","doi":"10.1093/phe/phac016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/phe/phac016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mobile health (mHealth) apps for self-monitoring increasingly gain relevance for public health. As a mobile technology, they promote individual participation in health monitoring with the aim of disease prevention and the mitigation of health risks. In this paper, I argue that users of mHealth apps must engage in value trade-offs concerning their fundamental dimensions of well-being when using mobile health apps for the self-monitoring of health parameters. I particularly focus on trade-offs regarding the user's self-determination as well as their capacity to form personal attachments. Depending on the user's level of advantage or disadvantage, value trade-offs can pose a threat to the users' sufficient fulfillment of the dimensions of well-being. As such, value trade-offs can entrench existing structural injustices and prevent disadvantaged users to benefit from this technology. I argue that value trade-offs are, to some, a type of injustice that can drive disadvantaged users away from a sufficiency threshold of well-being, risk users to fall below the threshold, or have an accumulative effect on different dimensions of the user's well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49136,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Ethics","volume":"15 3","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9883713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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