Respiratory Research最新文献

{"title":"Supplemental oxygen therapy use among patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease in the United States.","authors":"Joseph Yang, Andrea Steffens, Amy L Olson, Amy Anderson, Gursimran Basra, Phani Veeranki, Joao A de Andrade","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03139-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03139-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supplemental oxygen therapy is commonly prescribed in clinical practice for patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) to reduce breathlessness and increase physical capacity. Only a few studies have evaluated the incidence of oxygen therapy use, with evidence lacking in its use among fibrosing ILD subtypes including patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF ILD. This study aimed to estimate incidence of oxygen therapy and factors associated with oxygen therapy initiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-interventional study used US administrative claims and electronic health record data from 01 October 2015 to 30 June 2022. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed fibrosing ILD (≥ 2 fibrosing ILD diagnoses in any position on different dates of service within 365 days) were included; the index date was the first date with ILD diagnosis. Patients were followed until the earlier of health plan disenrollment, death, or end of study period. Oxygen therapy use was evaluated among patients without evidence of oxygen therapy before the index date, stratified by the underlying fibrosing disease (i.e., IPF vs. non-IPF ILD). Factors associated with oxygen therapy use were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114,921 patients (IPF n = 5,555; non-IPF ILD n = 109,366) newly diagnosed with fibrosing ILD were included in the study. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients with ILD was 66.9 (14.2) years, and 47.2% were male. Patients were followed for a mean of 24 months after ILD diagnosis, during which 38% of fibrosing ILD patients initiated oxygen therapy; a higher proportion of patients with IPF initiated oxygen therapy compared to those with non-IPF ILD (68% and 36%, respectively). Factors associated with oxygen therapy initiation included IPF, higher Charlson comorbidity scores, and comorbidities that impair respiratory capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings demonstrate a substantial proportion of patients with fibrosing ILD initiated oxygen therapy following initial ILD diagnosis, with higher rates of oxygen therapy initiation observed among patients with IPF compared with non-IPF ILD. Respiratory comorbidities were key factors associated with increased initiation of oxygen therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular remodeling and TSLP/angiogenin overexpression in severe mixed asthma.","authors":"Francesca Bertolini, Vitina M A Carriero, Elisa Arrigo, Giuseppe Guida, Stefano Levra, Stefano Pizzimenti, Mirella Profita, Isabella Gnemmi, Antonino Di Stefano, Fabio L M Ricciardolo","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03133-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03133-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma with neutrophilic/mixed inflammation is a difficult-to-control clinical phenotype. Currently, vascular and matrix airway remodeling in asthma with neutrophilic/mixed inflammation is not well known. We aimed to evaluate the differences in vascular/smooth muscle/matrix related asthma remodeling in eosinophilic (EOS) and mixed/neutrophilic (MIXED) bronchial phenotypes in relation to asthma severity and exacerbation frequency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, α-SMA⁺ cells (100µM beneath the basement membrane [BM]), BM thickness, vascular remodeling-related biomarkers (angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], CD31 and Protease-activated receptor 2 [PAR2]), alarmins (TSLP and Interleukin (IL)-33) were evaluated in bronchial sections from 40 mild-to-severe asthmatics (EOS: N = 19 and mixed/neutrophilic: N = 19/2) and 7 control subjects (CTRL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of CD31⁺ and angiogenin⁺ cells was higher in MIXED than in EOS asthmatics (p < 0.05). In severe MIXED CD31⁺, TSLP⁺, α-SMA⁺, and angiogenin⁺ cells increased compared to mild MIXED/EOS or severe EOS (p < 0.05), but BM thickness was higher in severe vs. mild EOS (p < 0.05). MIXED frequent exacerbators had higher numbers of CD31⁺ and TSLP⁺ cells, whereas MIXED non-exacerbators had increased PAR2⁺ cells. CD31⁺ cells correlated with impairment of pulmonary functions, number of exacerbations, ICS dose, bronchial neutrophils, angiogenin, α-SMA, TSLP and IL-33 (p < 0.05). Finally, CD31 > 97.17 cells/mm², angiogenin > 35.36 cells/mm², and functional parameters such as FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, TLC and FRC (%pred.) were found to be predictors of severe MIXED asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severe or frequent exacerbator asthmatics with bronchial mixed inflammatory profile are characterized by increased number of vessels and overexpression of TSLP and angiogenin, suggesting a pathogenetic link between mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation and vascular remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-centred health outcomes in the routine care for people with progressive pulmonary fibrosis: the COCOS-IPF project's European survey on healthcare professionals' views and practices.","authors":"Vivien Somogyi, Anouk Delameillieure, Silja Schenk, Liesbet Van Bulck, Sofie Breuls, Nazli Üçkuyu, Zehra Nur Töreyin, Nikola Stenzel, Nesrin Moğulkoç, Wim Wuyts, Steve Jones, Liam Galvin, Jeanette Boyd, Thomy Tonia, Fabienne Dobbels, Michael Kreuter","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03146-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03146-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are interstitial lung diseases (ILD) that carry a high burden and mortality. IPF/PPF experts and patients call for standardized care, outcome harmonization and holistic management in these complex and devastating diseases, with a focus on person-centeredness. In this cross-sectional international survey study, we aimed to gather information on the person-centred health outcomes European healthcare professionals (HCPs) already use or deem important for use in routine care for IPF/PPF. This work is part of the COCOS-IPF project on developing a Core Outcome Set (COS) for and with patients with IPF/PPF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With the input of IPF/PPF experts, psychologists and patients, we developed an online survey for European multidisciplinary HCPs with IPF/PPF expertise. The survey was programmed in Qualtrics^XM, piloted and distributed via the networks of the COCOS-IPF consortium. We used content analysis to create an overall list of outcome domains mentioned in the survey, classified these according to the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) taxonomy and calculated the frequency of all outcomes mentioned.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 149 experts, mainly pulmonologists (n = 120, 81%) working in ILD expert centres, from 31 European countries participated. Of the 40 different outcome domains mentioned, the majority referred to `physiological/clinical` (n = 773, 81%) and `life impact` (n = 138, 14%) outcome domains. Of these, `lung function' (n = 280, 29%), 'exercise capacity' (n = 123, 13%) and `quality of life` (n = 103, 11%) were reported as most frequently used person-centred health outcomes. Survey respondents deemed the same three outcome domains the most important for use in the routine clinical IPF/PPF care, supplemented by chest symptoms. Pulmonologists reported mainly about routine use of `lung function` (n = 252, 26%), while allied HCPs put more focus on outcomes related to physical condition and whole body status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HCPs have identified 40 different outcomes domains in a European multidisciplinary survey on person-centred health outcomes in IPF/PPF. Lung function, exercise capacity, quality of life and chest symptoms were rated as the most relevant health outcomes to be assessed routinely in clinical care. These insights can help to support the development of a COS for IPF/PPF clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Nrf2 pathway by 4-Octyl itaconate enhances donor lung function in cold preservation settings.","authors":"Xinliang Gao, Mingbo Tang, Jialin Li, Jianzun Ma, Zhengrui Liu, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03151-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03151-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung transplantation is the primary treatment for end-stage lung diseases. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) significantly impacts transplant outcomes. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) has shown potential in mitigating organ IRI, although its effects in lung transplantation require further exploration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BEAS-2B cells were used to model transplantation, assessing the effects of 4-OI through viability, apoptosis, and ROS assays. qRT-PCR analyzed cytokine transcription post-cold ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R). RNA sequencing and Gene Ontology analysis elucidated 4-OI's mechanisms of action, confirmed by Western blotting. ALI-airway and lung transplantation organoid models evaluated improvements in bronchial epithelial morphology and function due to 4-OI. ELISA measured IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Rat models of extended cold preservation and non-heart-beating transplantation assessed 4-OI's impact on lung function, injury, and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that 4-OI (100 µM) during cold preservation effectively maintained cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced ROS production in BEAS-2B cells under CI/R conditions. It also downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription, including IL1B, IL6, and TNF. Inhibition of Nrf2 partially reversed these protective effects. In cold preservation solutions, 4-OI upregulated Nrf2 target genes such as NQO1, HMOX1, and SLC7A11. In ALI airway models, 4-OI enhanced bronchial epithelial barrier integrity and ciliary beat function after CI/R. In rat models, 4-OI administration improved lung function and reduced pulmonary edema, tissue injury, apoptosis, and systemic inflammation following extended cold preservation or non-heart-beating lung transplantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating 4-OI into cold preservation solutions appears promising for alleviating CI/R-induced bronchial epithelial injury and enhancing lung transplant outcomes via Nrf2 pathway activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complement activity and autophagy are dysregulated in the lungs of patients with nonresolvable COVID-19 requiring lung transplantation.","authors":"Pooja Shivshankar, Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz, Aleksey Y Domozhirov, Weizhen Bi, Scott D Collum, Marie-Francoise Doursout, Manish Patel, Isabella N LeFebvre, Bindu Akkanti, Simon Yau, Howard J Huang, Rahat Hussain, Harry Karmouty-Quintana","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03152-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03152-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the current understanding of the complement cascade mechanisms of host immune responses during infection-induced nonresolvable lung disease. While the complement system is involved in opsonization and phagocytosis of the invading pathogens, uncontrolled complement activation also leads to aberrant autophagic response and tissue damage. Our recent study revealed unique pathologic and fibrotic signature genes associated with epithelial bronchiolization in the lung tissues of patients with nonresolvable COVID-19 (NR-COVID-19) requiring lung transplantation. However, there is a knowledge gap if complement components are modulated to contribute to tissue damage and the fibrotic phenotype during NR-COVID-19. We, therefore, aimed to study the role of the complement factors and their corresponding regulatory proteins in the pathogenesis of NR-COVID-19. We further examined the association of complement components with mediators of the host autophagic response. We observed significant upregulation of the expression of the classical pathway factor C1qrs and alternative complement factors C3 and C5a, as well as the anaphylatoxin receptor C5aR1, in NR-COVID-19 lung tissues. Of note, complement regulatory protein, decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55) was significantly downregulated at both transcript and protein levels in the NR-COVID-19 lungs, indicating a dampened host protective response. Furthermore, we observed significantly decreased levels of the autophagy mediators PPARγ and LC3a/b, which was corroborated by decreased expression of factor P and the C3b receptor CR1, indicating impaired clearance of damaged cells that may contribute to the fibrotic phenotype in NR-COVID-19 patients. Thus, our study revealed previously unrecognized complement dysregulation associated with impaired cell death and clearance of damaged cells, which may promote NR-COVID-19 in patients, ultimately necessitating lung transplantation. The identified network of dysregulated complement cascade activity indicates the interplay of regulatory factors and the receptor-mediated modulation of host immune and autophagic responses as potential therapeutic targets for treating NR-COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy, safety and clinical feasibility of a percutaneous atrial septal shunt device for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single-center cohort study.","authors":"Mingfei Li, Dandan Chen, Jianing Fan, Dan Tian, Lei Zhang, Xiaochun Zhang, Shasha Chen, Yuan Zhang, Wenzhi Pan, Lihua Guan, Daxin Zhou, Junbo Ge","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03159-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03159-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of FreeFlow percutaneous atrial septal shunt device (manufactured by AOLIU Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) in patients with refractory pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled adult patients diagnosed with refractory pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between Oct 2021 and Oct 2023. The patients were treated with the FreeFlow percutaneous atrial septal shunt device and underwent follow-up immediately after operation, as well as before and after discharge (at 1, 3, 6, 12 months post-operation). The primary endpoints of the study included the rate of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (MACCEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and serious device-related adverse events (SADEs) within 12 months of shunt implantation. Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 patients were enrolled in the study and successfully completed the operation. 10 subjects had completed 12 months' follow-up after operation, while two subjects had died. The incidence of MACCE was 0%, and the incidence of SAEs was 33%, which was unrelated to the treatment with this device. No systemic or instrumental embolizations occurred during the follow-up period. All ten subjects exhibited a stable right-to-left shunt after the operation (100% success rate). Seven patients' New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification improved from grade III to grade II. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) score and the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) at 12 months post-operation were significantly improved compared to baseline, with scores of 47.6 ± 19.5 versus 64.7 ± 24.6 (P = 0.029) and distances of 239.5 ± 137.8 m versus 401.7 ± 129.6 m (P = 0.045), respectively. Similarly, the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and right heart diameter (RAD) also decreased significantly, from 3236 ± 1590.3 pg/mL to 1787.3 ± 703.7 pg/mL (P = 0.039) and from 59.1 ± 10.6 mm to 46.3 ± 7.5 mm (P = 0.046), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this clinical study demonstrate that the product can attain the anticipated performance under typical conditions of use. The risks associated with the product are deemed acceptable when weighed against its potential benefits. All preclinical and clinical evaluations have furnished definitive and rational scientific evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous atrial septal shunt.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational distribution of regional intrapulmonary shunt assessed by EIT in ARDS.","authors":"Mengru Xu, Yi Chi, Siyi Yuan, Yelin Gao, Xiaotong Sun, Yun Long, Huaiwu He","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03141-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03141-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regional ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch in intrapulmonary shunt in dependent regions has always been considered a hallmark of ARDS. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of shunt, and a clear definition has been lacking. The aim of the study was to propose two phenotypes for the spatial distribution of intrapulmonary shunt using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in the two preset phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 76 ARDS patients who received EIT saline contrast examination were included in this retrospective study. Deadspace(%), Shunt(%), and V/Qmismatch(%) were calculated based on the lung V/Q matching map. EIT maps were divided into two horizontal anterior-to-posterior regions of interest, ranging from gravity-independent regions to gravity-dependent regions. The dosal shunt proportion (Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global%) was defined as the percentage of shunt in gravity-dependent regions. Based on Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global%, the patients were divided into a dependent-shunt group (D-shunt, Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global% > 50%) and a nondependent-shunt group (ND-shunt, Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global% ≤ 50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The D-shunt group (n = 46) had lower dorsal ventilation, lower dorsal deadspace, and a higher Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global% than the ND-shunt group (n = 30). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that Shunt_dosal/Shunt_global% was an independent predictive factor for 28-day mortality (HR = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.36; P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in regional perfusion distribution, global shunt, global deadspace and global V/Q mismatch between the two groups. Moreover, a higher BMI (25.4 [22.9, 29.2] vs. 22.9 [20.8, 26.4], P = 0.04) and more extrapulmonary ARDS patients [65% (30/46) vs. 33% (10/30), P = 0.01] were found in the D-shunt group. A similar PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was found between the two groups on Day 0, but the D-shunt group had a higher PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio on Day 4. A higher 28-day mortality (40% vs. 17%, P = 0.03) and fewer ventilation-free days (VFDs) on day 28 (11.0 [0, 21.8] vs. 20.5 [4.8, 24.0], P = 0.04) were found in the ND-shunt group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two phenotypes of regional shunt gravitational distribution can be revealed by EIT. Patients exhibiting a predominance of dependent shunt were characterized by a higher BMI and extrapulmonary ARDS and may experience faster improvement in oxygenation as well as better clinical outcomes. Further research is necessary to evaluate shunt distribution patterns to guide the individualized treatment of ARDS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the role of EGLN3 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction.","authors":"Xiaodong Deng, Qing Que, Kunchi Zhang, Bo Li, Nianlong Yang, Qiang Hu, Sheng Lv, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03144-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03144-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial dysfunction is a pivotal initiating factor in vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. EGLN3, a hypoxia response factor, plays a significant role in cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which are closely related to the pathophysiological conditions of pulmonary hypertension. This study investigates the potential involvement of EGLN3 in the injury response of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and its contribution to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Research has demonstrated that in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and various animal models of the condition, EGLN3 expression is upregulated in the remodeled pulmonary artery endothelium. Notably, the endothelial cell-specific knockout of EGLN3 can decelerate the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension, whereas its overexpression has the opposite effect. Mechanistic analyses reveal that under hypoxic conditions, JUN initiates the transcription of EGLN3 by binding to its promoter region. Subsequently, EGLN3 interacts with HUR to enhance the stability of EGFR mRNA, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which ultimately results in endothelial cell damage, proliferation, and migration. These findings suggest that EGLN3 is a critical gene for maintaining endothelial function and vascular homeostasis and holds promise as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and the level of immunity to respiratory viruses in soldiers and civilian military employees in Poland.","authors":"Aleksandra Nakonieczna, Magdalena Kwiatek, Karolina Abramowicz, Magdalena Zawadzka, Izabela Bany, Patrycja Głowacka, Katarzyna Skuza, Tomasz Lepionka, Paweł Szymański","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03142-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03142-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study provides a detailed analysis of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and immunity levels against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 among soldiers and military personnel in Poland. Owing to their unique service environments, this occupational group is at high risk. During deployments, they often face adverse physical conditions, close living quarters, and exposure to both local and endemic pathogens. It particularly increases their susceptibility to RTIs, which remain a leading cause of illness worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohort included 379 participants aged between 19 and 60 years. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to detect 34 common respiratory pathogens and analyzed blood serum samples to assess the degree of immunity against the influenza A, B, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. In 78.10% of the participants, at least one respiratory pathogen was detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common (8.71%), followed by SARS-CoV-2 (4.75%) and influenza A (H1N1) sw (2.90%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen (18.47%), with significant occurrences of Haemophilus influenzae (14.24%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.76%). Additionally, 52.3% of those with coinfections had combinations of bacterial and viral pathogens, highlighting the complexity of diagnosing and managing these infections. We also assessed immunity levels, which focused on antibodies specific to influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. For all the results obtained, statistical analyses were performed. A weak positive correlation between age and levels of anti-influenza antibodies was observed, suggesting a slight increase in antibody levels with age. A total of 81.53% of the participants had received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A significant correlation between the number of vaccine doses and higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was observed, indicating stronger immunity with more vaccinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the importance of specialized health monitoring and preventive measures such as vaccinations to protect military personnel from RTIs and maintain their operational readiness. The detailed analysis of pathogen prevalence and immunity levels offers valuable insights into this occupational group's health risks and needs.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of vaping and marijuana use on airway health as determined by exhaled breath condensate (EBC).","authors":"Dante E Rojas, Mitchell M McCartney, Eva Borras, Tristan L Hicks, Tiffany T Lam, Nicholas J Kenyon, Cristina E Davis","doi":"10.1186/s12931-025-03147-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-025-03147-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across the United States, there is increased use of cannabis products and electronic delivery systems for cannabis products and nicotine, yet little is known about their impacts on lung health. We analyzed exhaled breath condensate of 254 participants who were non-users and users who used cannabis and tobacco products. The 132 participants reported using a product (\"users\") were distributed into cohorts of tobacco products and cannabis products, with some participants following into multiple cohorts. Targeted analysis of inflammatory oxylipins found up-regulation among persons using tobacco products, while cannabis users had concentrations closer to nonusers, and often down-regulated. Untargeted screening of 403 significant metabolites found tobacco users had similar breath profiles, and that cannabis users had a similar profile that was closer to the profile of nonusers. Metabolites were significantly higher in breath of people using combustion products (tobacco and cannabis) relative to nonusers, and significantly lower in e-device users (nicotine and THC). Our work demonstrates the relative impact of e-delivery systems and cannabis products compared to traditional cigarette smoking on lung metabolic profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}