Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Causal analysis of the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on laryngeal cancer: A two-sample mendelian randomization study","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Cuiping She","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The levels of vitamin D in the human body are primarily measured through serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Observational studies suggest a potential association between the incidence of laryngeal cancer and vitamin D levels, but the causality remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between vitamin D levels and laryngeal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study is based on large-scale GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) summary datasets. We selected two different datasets of 25(OH)D and conducted two two-sample univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses. Four different MR methods were applied, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed. In addition, a two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted to account for the confounding effect of smoking. Furthermore, we performed GO enrichment analyses on the SNPs used as instrumental variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The combined findings from both univariable MR analyses support a potential causal relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and laryngeal cancer, suggesting that higher levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against laryngeal cancer. Multivariable MR analysis showed that even after accounting for smoking as a confounding factor, the impact of 25(OH)D on laryngeal cancer remained significant. Enrichment analysis further indicated that 25(OH)D may inhibit the occurrence and progression of laryngeal cancer by regulating the metabolism of exogenous substances, lipid metabolism, and cellular responses to environmental stimuli.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels serve as a protective factor against laryngeal cancer, suggesting that increasing vitamin D levels may reduce the risk of laryngeal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>This was a Mendelian randomized study with a level of evidence second only to clinical randomized trials, and higher than cohort and case-control studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otoprotective effect of the use of antioxidants on noise exposure in experimental studies with rodents – A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Gabriela Guenther Ribeiro Novanta ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Odorizzi Zica ,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Queiroz Sampaio ,&nbsp;Camila de Castro Corrêa ,&nbsp;Lucieny Silva Martins Serra ,&nbsp;Andre Luiz Lopes Sampaio","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the occurrence of otoprotective effect of the use of antioxidants on noise exposure in experimental models with rodents through a systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An electronic search was conducted in EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and in the grey literature of articles published up to June 2022. In the PICO strategy, the studied population consisted of rodent animals exposed to high levels of sound pressure, the intervention consisted of the use of antioxidants, the comparison with the concomitant use of placebo and the results of audiological tests such as Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential and the results of histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were collected as outcomes. The analysis of the numerical data was performed according to the Review Manager (Cochrane), using the mean difference as a measure of effect.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>35 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 27 in the quantitative synthesis. The analysis carried out by CAMARADES indicates that most of the included studies demonstrate methodological quality, and the SYRCLE RoB risk of bias assessment protocol revealed a high risk of bias in all eligible studies. In the analysis of the meta-analysis, the effect generated by the use of antioxidants was notorious in comparison with groups that were exposed to the same noise, without the use of antioxidant. Using the ABR responses at the most commonly used frequencies of 2,000–32,000 Hz as outcomes, it was possible to observe in all analyses an otoprotective effect caused by the use of the antioxidant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review with meta-analysis demonstrated the variable otoprotective effect of the use of antioxidants on exposure to sound pressure levels in experimental studies with rodents, despite the high risk of bias and great heterogeneity of the selected studies.</div></div><div><h3>Level of Evidence</h3><div>1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization and FinnGen analysis of the causal relationship between 473 gut microbiota species and chronic sinusitis","authors":"Chenguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yicong Wang ,&nbsp;Chenghao Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Guo ,&nbsp;Huwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunlong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the causal associations between Gut Microbiota (GM) and Chronic Sinusitis (CRS) using Mendelian Randomization (MR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) summary statistics for 473 GM taxa were obtained from MiBioGen consortium. CRS data (22,099 cases vs. 371,520 controls) were sourced from the FinnGen R12 cohort. Causal effects were estimated via Inverse Variance-Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and Bayesian-weighted MR methods. Sensitivity analyses (heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests) were performed to validate robustness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IVW analysis identified 20 GM taxa significantly associated with CRS risk (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Of these, 7 taxa (e.g., <em>Francisellales</em>, <em>Roseibacillus</em>, <em>Merdibacter massiliensis</em>) exhibited risk-increasing effects, while 13 taxa (e.g., <em>Firmicutes I</em>, <em>Succinivibrionaceae</em>) showed protective effects. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of significant heterogeneity (Cochran’s <em>Q p</em> &gt; 0.05) or pleiotropy (MR-Egger intercept <em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Bayesian-weighted MR validated 18 causal relationships (posterior probability &gt; 95%), except for RUG420 sp900317985 and UBA7703 (non-significant).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This MR study provides genetic evidence supporting causal roles of specific GM taxa in CRS pathogenesis. These findings highlight the gut-sinus axis as a potential therapeutic target and underscore the utility of large-scale biobanks (e.g., FinnGen) in advancing precision medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level 5. Mendelian Randomized (MR) studies are second only to randomized controlled trials in terms of the level of evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram for predicting overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with postoperative follicular thyroid cancer","authors":"Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Suidan Chen ,&nbsp;Cangui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In this research, nomograms were constructed from clinical variables in patients with postoperative Follicular Thyroid Cancer (FTC) to predict the survival of FTC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult patients surgically treated for FTC from 2004 to 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Significant clinical variables were screened using univariate analysis and further screened with multivariate Cox regression analysis, which were used to construct nomogram models for Overall Survival (OS) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age, sex, marital status, tumor size, glandular invasion status, N stage and M stage were identified as the clinical variables affecting the OS in FTC patients. Additionally, all variables, except sex, were found to have an impact on the CSS in FTC patients. The c-index shows agreement between the predicted results and the actual observed results, and the calibration curve of the probability of survival also shows agreement between the predicted plot and the actual observations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study successfully built a nomogram of OS and CSS for FTC patients who had undergone surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>IV: Retrospective cohort study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogenic/Progestin therapy and the development of Vestibular Schwannoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Maria Vitória Graça Couto de Campos Amaral,&nbsp;Fayez Bahmad Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Compare the risk of developing Vestibular schwannoma in patients prescribed Hormone Therapy (HT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), the search was conducted in English, and we included all the studies that met the following criteria: (a) Participants who presented with VS; (b) Patients prescribed Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT); (c) Prospective, retrospective or case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 146 articles, four met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Two studies documented an increased relative risk of Vestibular schwannoma in patients that had ever used hormone replacement therapy, another study found an incidence rate 2.2 times higher than the expected incidence rate and the other study indicated a 10% increased odds of the Vestibular Schwannoma in patients who have ever used hormone replacement therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The use of hormone replacement therapy was associated with an increased relative risk of Vestibular Schwannoma but also demonstrated a lack of a definitive association.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear size variation among the Argentinian population","authors":"Maria Fernanda Di Gregorio ,&nbsp;Ana Celeste Ferrari ,&nbsp;Anandhan Dhanasingh ,&nbsp;Maximo Zernotti ,&nbsp;Mario Zernotti","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cochlear size, shape and the anatomy vary a lot among the human population. Cochlear size is a clinically useful parameter to determine the suitable cochlear implant electrode length. Objective is to assess the cochlear size and shape variation among the Argentine population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Computer Tomography (CT) scans of 247 ears were assessed for the cochlear parameters including basal turn diameter (A-value) and width (B-value) and the cochlear height in the mid-modiolar section (H-value) using OTOPLAN® version 4.0. Shape of cochlear basal turn was determined by the ratio between B- and A-values. Cochlear Duct Length (CDL) was estimated from the A-, and B-values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The A-value was found to vary between 6.7 mm and 10.1 mm with a mean value of 8.7 ± 0.61 mm and the B-value was found to vary between 4.5 mm and 8.1 mm with a mean value of 6.4 ± 0.57 mm. The cochlear height as measured in the axial view from the mid-modiolar section was 3.78 ± 0.57 mm. Shape of the cochlear basal turn as determined by the ratio between B- and A-values showed 41 out of 248 ears (16.5%) have more of a round shaped basal turn with the ratio of ≥0.75 leaving the remaining 207 ears (83.5%) with more of an elliptical shaped basal turn. CDL was found to vary between 24.5 mm and 41.2 mm with a median value of 33.6 mm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Argentine population appears to have slightly smaller cochlear size compared to population from other countries as reported in literature.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High frequency of balance abnormalities in Turner syndrome","authors":"Vanessa Brito Campoy Rocha ,&nbsp;Raquel Mezzalira ,&nbsp;Guita Stoler ,&nbsp;Gil Guerra-Junior ,&nbsp;Sofia Helena Valente de Lemos-Marini ,&nbsp;Andréa Trevas Maciel-Guerra","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To perform a thorough evaluation of body balance in Turner Syndrome, adding evidence to the already scarce data in literature regarding labyrinth impairment in these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adolescent and adult patients and a control group of healthy women were subject to otolaryngological, audiological, and vestibular evaluations. The latter included electronystagmography with caloric and rotational testing, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential and static posturography with dynamic tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-seven patients aged 15–33 years (mean: 21.9-years) were evaluated. Karyotype was 45,X in 13/27 cases. Dizziness was reported in eight patients and progressive hearing loss in ten. Audiometry was abnormal in 13/27 cases, six of them sensorineural, six conductive, and one with a mixed pattern. A balance abnormality was found in 21/27 patients (78%). Nineteen patients had vestibular lesion, [12 peripheral (57%), four combined (19%), three central (11%)] and two had only somatosensorial deficit. Non-vestibular abnormalities were found in 6 (22%) patients, five with somatosensorial deficit and one with visual dependence. Balance abnormalities were neither associated with karyotype (45,X vs. other karyotypes) nor with hearing impairment. Control group comprised 20 healthy women aged 27–35 years (mean: 30.5 years); 4/20 (25%) had a balance abnormality, two peripheral and two central causes, a frequency significantly lower than that of TS patients (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite the low frequency of self-reported vestibular and auditory symptoms, this study reveals a high rate of inner ear involvement among women with TS, in which both auditory and vestibular pathways are frequently affected, often in a subclinical or compensated manner. These findings reinforce the importance of comprehensive screening protocols and indicate that appropriate interventions, including vestibular rehabilitation, should be considered as components of clinical follow-up in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Level of Evidence</h3><div>4.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case-control study on preauricular congenital fistula surgery outcomes by Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis","authors":"Jibing Sun,&nbsp;Tingting Wang,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Yanyan Mao,&nbsp;Zhaomin Fan,&nbsp;Yuechen Han","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the propensity matching score to compare the clinical efficacy of infection localized and inflammatory quiescent stage I surgery in the treatment of congenital preauricular fistula.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>120 patients with congenital preauricular fistula treated in our hospital from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected. The patients were divided into infection limited group (n = 63) and inflammation rest group (n = 57) according to the mode of operation. The two groups were matched at 1:1 with Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, and finally included in infection limitation group and inflammation rest group (n = 50). Patients in both groups were treated with stage I operation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Before PSM, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, BMI, and the number of patients with previous infection requiring incision and drainage (p &lt; 0.05). After PSM, there were no statistically significant differences in general information between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in healing, incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence rate between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is no significant difference in the clinical efficacy comparison of surgical treatment for congenital preauricular fistula between the infection-localized phase and inflammation-quiescent stage I surgery with PSM.</div></div><div><h3>Level of Evidence</h3><div>Level 3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competencies in head and neck surgery teaching for specialty residents. Position statement of Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Society","authors":"Rogério Aparecido Dedivitis ,&nbsp;Mario Augusto Ferrari de Castro ,&nbsp;Fátima Cristina Mendes de Matos ,&nbsp;Marianne Yumi Nakai ,&nbsp;Leandro Luongo de Matos ,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio Vamondes Kulcsar ,&nbsp;Carlos Takahiro Chone ,&nbsp;Luiz Paulo Kowalski ,&nbsp;Fernando Luiz Dias ,&nbsp;André Cruz Martins ,&nbsp;Bruna Carteiro Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To standardize the necessary competencies for Head and Neck Surgery residents related to the specialty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Delphi process was employed in its sequential phases: the selection of an expert panel; a structured questionnaire containing a preliminary list of potential competencies; the electronic distribution of the questionnaire to the experts, with options to “maintain”, “remove”, or “modify” the competencies and to suggest the inclusion of new competencies; a second round indicating “agree” or “disagree” for each reformulated or new competency; and the final consensus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-six competencies were established for Head and Neck Surgery residents in the specialty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Head and Neck Surgery residents and fellows should be trained in depth for the competency framework encompassing both routine and complex surgical interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomographic comparison of the cochlea, oval window, round window and facial nerve between adults and children and their influence on cochlear implant surgery","authors":"Rogerio Hamerschmidt ,&nbsp;Mohamad Feras Al-lahham ,&nbsp;Bettina Carvalho ,&nbsp;Mayara Risnei Watanabe ,&nbsp;Rogério de Azevedo Hamerschmidt ,&nbsp;Isadora Mansur Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Is to compare two tomographic measurements that can be used to predict the visibility of the round window: the angle formed by the junction of the line that goes from the round window Membrane Center Point (MJR) to the Facial Nerve surface (FN) with the Coronal Plane (CP) traced over this surface (RWM-FN-CP Angle) and the vertical distance between the midpoint of the RWM and this Coronal Plane (RWM-CP Vertical Distance); in adults and children, in order to verify if there are significant differences between the groups, which would justify the greater surgical difficulty caused by the lower visibility of the RW in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, the RWM-FN-CP angle and the RWM-CP vertical distance were measured in Computerized Tomography Scans (CT) of patients who underwent CI surgeries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>32 individuals who underwent CT in the period 2015–2018, 16 adults aged 27–73 years, and 16 children, with a mean age of 3.4 (±2.7) years were evaluated. The mean of the RWM-FN-CP angle in children was significantly lower, than the mean in adults. The mean RWM-CP vertical distance in children was significantly lower than the mean in adults (p = 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In children, the RWM-FN-CP angle is more acute, and the measured MJR-PC vertical distance is smaller when compared to adults. The anatomical differences observed in the tomographies justify the lower visibility of the RW during the surgical act of cochlear implantation in children.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 101731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}