Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of TMEM71 as a hub NLRP3-related gene suppressing malignant behavior in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway","authors":"Dan Liu,&nbsp;Yuanzhou Liu ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Cen","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>NLRP3 plays a key role in cellular pyroptosis and tumor progression. However, research on NLRP3-Related Genes (NRGs) in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the GSE53819 dataset to identify genes positively correlated with NLRP3 mRNA and downregulated in NPC tumors, termed NRGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to characterize their biological functions. Validation was performed using the GSE64634 and GSE102349 datasets. The GSE102349 dataset was used to evaluate the impact of NRGs on the Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and their association with immune cell infiltration. A cohort of 421 NPC patients from a local hospital underwent multivariate Cox regression to assess the prognostic significance of hub NRGs. Cellular experiments further investigated the role of hub NRGs in NPC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the GSE53819 dataset, 26 NRGs were identified, correlated with NLRP3 expression, and downregulated in tumor tissues. GO and KEGG analyses linked these 26 NRGs to the inflammasome complex. TMEM71, identified in the GSE64634 and GSE102349 datasets, was downregulated in tumor tissues and positively correlated with NLRP3 expression. It was the only NRG with prognostic value, with higher expression correlating with improved PFS. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed significant differences between high and low TMEM71 expression groups (e.g., naïve B cells). Local analysis confirmed that positive TMEM71 expression in tumor serves as an independent prognostic marker for NPC (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.366‒0.780). in vitro, TMEM71 activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway suppressed malignant behaviors in NPC cell.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TMEM71 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for NPC and influence immune cell infiltration. Its overexpression could exert anticancer effects via the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in NPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiological findings in Brown Vialetto-Van-Laere Syndrome: A scoping review","authors":"Débora de Oliveira Rolim ,&nbsp;Leticia Cristina Vicente ,&nbsp;Hugo Amilton Santos de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Rebeca Lorrane Santana Santos ,&nbsp;Rivadávio Fernandes Batista de Amorim ,&nbsp;Fayez Bahmad Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize audiological porfile in inviduals with Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a scoping review following the methodological structure developed by the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI). The PCC mnemonic was used to elaborate the research question, which resulted in the research question: “What are the audiological findings in individuals with BVVLS?”.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All of the studies included in this review were case reports. The main audiological findings are sensorineural hearing loss and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All individuals presented a severe to profound bilateral hearing loss, related to ANSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who’s afraid of Dura Mater?","authors":"Mario Emilio Zernotti ,&nbsp;Javier Gavilán","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To overcome the fear associated with conventional nomenclature related to different anatomic positions for Bonebridge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bonebridge is an active transcutaneous semi-implantable bone conduction device available for clinical use since 2012. Bonebridge is indicated in patients with conductive and mild mixed hearing loss and a bone conduction threshold above 45 dB. This situation can be mainly found in patients with aural atresia, radical cavities, chronic otitis media and selected cases of otosclerosis not suitable for stapedectomy or hearing aids. The initial proposal was to position the implant in the mastoid, adjacent to the external ear canal. This position cannot be used in patients with radical cavities and should not be used in patients with aural atresia to avoid complications of future ear reconstructive surgery. New positions were soon implemented in the retrosigmoid and the middle fossa areas. However, the terms “retrosigmoid” and “middle fossa” are clearly linked to skull base surgery and create reluctancy among a large number of potential users.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>To avoid the negative reaction of otologic surgeons to these names we propose the use of easy to remember names related to the anatomic location of the implant. These names have been presented to the scientific community in meetings over the last decade and are now published in this short paper.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The new nomenclature proposed for the different anatomic positions available for Bonebridge is designed to stop the association between Bonebridge and skull base surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level 2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear implantation in vestibular schwannoma: A game changer? A narrative review","authors":"Luis Lassaletta ,&nbsp;Miryam Calvino ,&nbsp;Isabel Sánchez-Cuadrado ,&nbsp;José Manuel Morales-Puebla ,&nbsp;Javier Gavilán","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In recent years, indications for Cochlear Implants (CIs) have been on the rise, with Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) patients among these emerging indications. On the other hand, there is growing evidence in favor of the 'wait and see' approach as opposed to surgery or irradiation for most small VS. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current role of CIs in patients with VS, addressing the most controversial topics such as the variability of outcomes, the emerging clinical scenarios, the lack of consistent prognostic factors, and the need for an intraoperative tool to aid decision-making in challenging cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Pubmed search was performed, with a selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English on VS and cochlear implantation were eligible for inclusion. Pictures of illustrative cases from a tertiary center were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The discussed topics were the following: (1) Variability in audiological outcomes; (2) Prognostic factors including tumor size, preoperative hearing, previous irradiation, extent of resection, and Neurofibromatosis type II <strong>(</strong>NF2) status; (3) Postoperative imaging; (4) The role of intraoperative testing; and (5) The current indication of CIs in different clinical scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CIs have become a useful solution for certain patients with VS. Audiological outcomes are variable, but worse than those of conventional CI candidates. Small and medium-sized tumors and those with a better preoperative hearing are more likely to benefit from a CI. The effect of irradiation is uncertain. Outcomes in NF2 patients may decrease in the long term. The auditory nerve test system is a useful intraoperative tool in most scenarios. The variability of the outcomes still precludes routine CI in VS with normal contralateral hearing. In addition to VS undergoing surgical resection and CI placement, some observed and irradiated VS cases also benefit from a CI.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrated growth factors promote epithelization in the mastoid obliteration after canal wall down mastoidectomy","authors":"Mengyi Liu,&nbsp;Lue Zhang,&nbsp;Quanming Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Zeng,&nbsp;Shuo Li,&nbsp;Shuyue Guo,&nbsp;Yaqin Zhao,&nbsp;Mingxing Tang,&nbsp;Qiong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This retrospective study aimed at comparing the extent of epithelialization in mastoid obliteration after Canal Wall Down (CWD) mastoidectomy using Hydroxyapatite (HA) alone or using HA in combination with Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) extracted from autologous blood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 56 patients undergoing the CWD mastoidectomy were enrolled. One group was treated by HA, while the other group received HA and CGF for mastoid obliteration (CGF/HA). A review of the medical follow-up records of all patients was conducted, with a primary focus on the otoendoscopic imaging materials. Complete epithelialization was determined by the absence of granulation, discharge, and swelling. The requisite period for complete epithelialization of the mastoid cavity was thus calculated, scored, and analyzed between treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ear discharge, graft swelling, and poor blood supply were more frequently observed in the HA group. The proportion of patients group that achieved complete epithelialization within 60 days post operation was significantly higher in the CGF/HA group than the HA group. According to the scoring system for complete epithelialization, the median score of the CGF/HA group was 2, significantly higher than that of the HA treatment group (median score = 1, <em>p</em> = 0.032). Altogether, our results indicated that duration needed for complete epithelialization in the CGF/HA group was shorter than the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The application of CGF to surgical cavity obliteration following a CWD mastoidectomy significantly promotes epithelialization, thereby achieving satisfactory results. Randomized controlled trials with a larger number of patients enrolled were worth launching in the future to better substantiate the value of CGF in obliteration of mastoid cavity.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level 2-Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral conductive hearing loss due to hydrocystoma in the external auditory canal: A rare case report","authors":"Francisco Campelo da Fonseca Neto,&nbsp;Renan Vieira de Brito,&nbsp;Eder Barbosa Muranaka,&nbsp;Arthur Menino Castilho","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients’ satisfaction and efficacy of modern conventional hearing aids: A comprehensive analysis of the self-reported user experiences in adult people","authors":"Daniele Portelli ,&nbsp;Cosimo Galletti ,&nbsp;Sabrina Loteta ,&nbsp;Leonard Freni ,&nbsp;Francesco Ciodaro ,&nbsp;Angela Alibrandi ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Alberti","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Hearing loss is a widespread condition that impacts the quality of life, affecting communication, social interactions, and cognitive functions. This study aimed to evaluate the subjective benefit and satisfaction of using hearing aids among patients since the adoption rate of hearing aids remains low.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study retrospectively analysed data from 133 patients with hearing aids, using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaires. Patients were divided into two groups based on this median age and sex for comparative analysis. The Mann Whitney test was applied with references to numerical parameters (APHAB and SADL) to assess differences between male vs female subjects and adults vs elderly. The Spearman correlation test was applied to assess the possible correlation between APHAB and SADL. A <em>p-</em>value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results indicated no significant gender differences in most APHAB and SADL subscales, except for the SADL “personal image” subscale, which showed lower scores for women (<em>p</em> =  0.023). Age-based comparison revealed no significant differences in APHAB scores; the SADL scores showed significant differences in the “positive effect” (<em>p</em> = 0.013), “negative features” (<em>p</em> = 0.005), and overall scores (<em>p</em> = 0.039), with lower satisfaction in older patients. Correlation analysis identified a positive relationship between the SADL “negative features” and APHAB “aversiveness” subscales (<em>p</em> = 0.042, correlation coefficient ρ = 0.176).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study highlights the importance of addressing subjective perceptions and aesthetic concerns in hearing aid adoption, emphasizing the need for personalized rehabilitation strategies to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>Level 3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The important role of cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in the development of thyroid carcinoma revealed by transcriptomic analysis and experiments","authors":"Yani Liu ,&nbsp;Yanyan He ,&nbsp;Shizhen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Programmed Cell Death (PCD) processes have been suggested to play a role in the development of cancers. The study aimed to investigate the enrichment of different types of PCD and identify important PCD-related genes in Thyroid Carcinoma (THCA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The whole study is based on transcriptomic analysis and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments. For transcriptomic analysis, the transcriptomic data of THCA (n = 493) and normal thyroid samples (n = 58) was used. The enrichment score of different types of PCD in THCA samples was calculated and the most enriched PCD process was identified. Then the expression of PCD-related genes in control and THCA samples were compared and the association between cuproptosis and characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in THCA tissues was explored. IHC experiment was performed to confirm gene expressions in THCA and para-tumor samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Enrichment analysis showed that cuproptosis was the most enriched type of PCD process and associated with malignancy in THCA. The expression of a cuproptosis-related gene, CDKN2A, was found and confirmed to be higher in THCA than normal samples and associated with poor outcomes and higher clinical stages of patients with THCA. Moreover, CDKN2A expression was associated with immunosuppressive TME in THCA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings indicated the important role of cuproptosis and a cuproptosis-related gene, CDKN2A, in the development and progression of THCA, which might provide novel insights into the understanding of pathophysiology of THCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of an active middle ear implant in congenital middle ear malformations: A contemporary review","authors":"Vagner Antonio Rodrigues da Silva ,&nbsp;Henrique Furlan Pauna ,&nbsp;Guilherme Correa Guimarães ,&nbsp;Joel Lavinsky ,&nbsp;Thomas E. Linder ,&nbsp;Arthur Menino Castilho","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate hearing outcomes and postoperative complications among patients with middle and external ear malformations undergoing active middle ear implantation with Vibrant Soundbridge® (VSB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Review of the literature. Studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish at the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched. The search strategy yielded a total of 141 potentially relevant studies. Of these, ten were included in this analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean preoperative air conduction threshold was 66.7 ± 6.2 dB. The mean air-bone gap was 46 ± 7.7 dB. VSB implantation resulted in mean hearing gain of 40.5 ± 7.1 dB in the air-conduction thresholds among the evaluated frequencies. The speech recognition index if the Floating Mass Transducer (FMT) was placed in the short process was 86.0% ± 9.6%, with significant difference when compared to long process coupling (<em>p</em> = 0.035) and the round window coupling (<em>p</em> =  0.048).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bone conduction thresholds did not worsen in any of the studies included in the present review. VSB implantation resulted in a mean hearing gain of 40 dB at air conduction thresholds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear implantation and cognitive function in the older adult population: current state of the art and future perspectives","authors":"Tinne Vandenbroeke ,&nbsp;Ellen Andries ,&nbsp;Marc J.W. Lammers ,&nbsp;Anouk Hofkens-Van den Brandt ,&nbsp;Griet Mertens ,&nbsp;Vincent Van Rompaey","doi":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hearing loss is associated with increased cognitive decline and incident dementia in older adults. Given the rapidly rising incidence of dementia, management of modifiable risk factors such as hearing loss, is essential to mitigate the impact on the individual and society in general. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state-of-art with respect to studying cognitive function before and after cochlear implantation in the elderly population. Future perspectives are considered to shed light into the pathophysiology of cognitive decline due to hearing loss and how objective measures may contribute to this field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The existing literature on cochlear implantation and cognition is reviewed. The potential limitations and objective measures for cognitive functioning are discussed. Relevant studies were identified through a broad search of academic databases, including Pubmed and Web of Science. Given the narrative nature of this review, no strict inclusion or exclusion criteria were applied, allowing for a broad overview of the current state-of-the-art literature on the effects of cochlear implantation on cognitive functioning, the challenges of studying cognition in this population and future research directions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple studies have been able to demonstrate an improvement of cognitive functioning in older adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss after cochlear implantation. However, it is important to consider the challenges of studying cognition in this population. Evoked response potentials might have potential as an objective marker for cognition in this study population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although there is no standardized study protocol to investigate cognition after cochlear implantation, a significant improvement in cognition is observed in the majority of studies one year after cochlear implantation. The identification of an objective marker of cognitive functioning will help unravel how cochlear implantation affects cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49099,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 101544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}