Lina Ianni, Chantal Camden, Wenonah Campbell, Heather Colquhoun, Dana Anaby
{"title":"Occupational Therapist-Teacher Collaboration in Inclusive Education in Québec: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.","authors":"Lina Ianni, Chantal Camden, Wenonah Campbell, Heather Colquhoun, Dana Anaby","doi":"10.1177/00084174241310078","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00084174241310078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In inclusive schools, collaboration between occupational therapists (OTs) and teachers has the potential to build capacities among these school-team members working with students with disabilities. Current evidence supports multi-tiered delivery models, such that OT interventions are integrated within the context of school life. Collaboration, however, is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that poses systemic, organizational, or interpersonal challenges. <b>Purpose:</b> This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives on current and ideal collaborative practices and associated contextual barriers and facilitators related to collaboration, as described by elementary teachers and OTs. <b>Method:</b> Two focus groups were conducted with OTs (<i>n</i> = 5) and elementary teachers (<i>n</i> = 6) working in inclusive schools in Québec (Canada) in French and English language settings. Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. <b>Findings:</b> Four thematic categories were identified: Organization of services scaffolds collaborative practices; varying perspectives of the OT role influence collaboration; establishing and navigating collaborative relationships; and considerations for optimal collaboration. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings have practice and policy implications regarding the organization of OT services as well as team professional development. Understanding these challenges is fundamental to tailoring future knowledge translation interventions to optimize school collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Textured Hair Care as a Meaningful Occupation: A Thematic Analysis.","authors":"Christina MacDonald, Esme Kurulak, Roseleen John","doi":"10.1177/00084174251340644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251340644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current health and occupational therapy literature lacks discussion on textured hair care as a meaningful occupation. In the Canadian context, this topic remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to explore textured hair care as a meaningful occupation through experiences and perceptions of Canadian occupational therapists and occupational therapist assistants who identify as Black or Mixed race.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative thematic design was adopted; 11 occupational therapists and one occupational therapist assistant were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and subsequently coded. Themes and subthemes were identified using thematic analysis. Seven participants engaged in a focus group to confirm preliminary findings.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Five main themes were identified: textured hair is diverse, personal perceptions of textured hair, societal perceptions of textured hair, barriers to participating in textured hair care and addressing knowledge gaps in the profession. All themes are accompanied by subthemes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All participants acknowledged textured hair as a meaningful yet under-addressed occupation. This study begins a critical conversation based on lived experiences with textured hair to promote culturally safer research, education, and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251340644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaarina Valavaara, Jay MacDonald, Pamela Barnes, Emilie Bourque, Sierra Rowe, Tal Jarus
{"title":"Occupational Therapists' Experiences of Assessments With Indigenous Peoples: A Storytelling Approach.","authors":"Kaarina Valavaara, Jay MacDonald, Pamela Barnes, Emilie Bourque, Sierra Rowe, Tal Jarus","doi":"10.1177/00084174251336547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251336547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Occupational therapists have a responsibility to strive for culturally safer assessments with Indigenous Peoples. <b>Purpose.</b> Explore occupational therapists' approaches related to culturally safer assessment strategies with Indigenous Peoples, including their perspectives, recommendations, and challenges. <b>Method.</b> Occupational therapists working with Indigenous Peoples across Canada were invited to participate in online surveys and virtual storytelling groups. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Member checking and collaboration with Indigenous project members consolidated final themes. <b>Findings.</b> Forty-three participants completed surveys and 16 participated in storytelling groups, with three distinct themes emerging: importance of building relationships, the complex nature of obtaining consent, and how systemic barriers negatively affect occupational therapists' capacity to provide culturally safer assessments. Findings are presented in a composite conversation between an occupational therapist and an Indigenous Knowledge Keeper. <b>Conclusion.</b> Despite systemic pressures towards efficiency and standardized approaches, occupational therapists are attempting efforts towards culturally safer assessments by advocating for occupation-based, culturally relevant, and flexible assessment processes that respect the autonomy of Indigenous service recipients. Future research could explore the current state of curricula related to assessment practices with Indigenous Peoples in Canadian entry to practice occupational therapy programs and perspectives from Indigenous occupational therapists and service recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251336547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yael Mayer, Fernanda Mira, Shahbano Zaman, Tal Jarus
{"title":"Inclusion in Fieldwork: Academic Fieldwork Coordinators' Perspectives on Accommodating Disabled Occupational Therapy Students.","authors":"Yael Mayer, Fernanda Mira, Shahbano Zaman, Tal Jarus","doi":"10.1177/00084174251331923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251331923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Fieldwork is essential in postsecondary health professions programs and can present challenges for disabled students. Fieldwork coordinators, responsible for student placements, play a pivotal role in supporting disabled students. However, limited research exists regarding the experiences of these coordinators in accommodating students with disabilities. <b>Purpose.</b> This mixed methods study aims to understand the perspectives of academic fieldwork coordinators in occupational therapy programs, focusing on their practices to support disabled students and promote a sense of inclusion. <b>Method.</b> Using a mixed methods approach, fifteen academic fieldwork coordinators completed a quantitative survey followed by in-depth semistructured interviews with five coordinators. <b>Results.</b> Participants' experiences presented two main themes. First, academic fieldwork coordinators constantly navigated tensions with institutional norms regarding fieldwork. Second, academic fieldwork coordinators manage fieldwork accommodations within ever-changing human dynamics and social norms, including students' decisions about disclosure. Despite these gaps, the participants emphasized opportunities for enhancing and refining occupational therapy programs by addressing challenges to improve inclusivity for students with disabilities. <b>Conclusion.</b> Addressing these accessibility issues can contribute to the overall improvement of educational practices, fostering a more inclusive learning environment. Examination of the institution's infrastructure, collaboration with disabled individuals, and greater personnel training are key in promoting a more inclusive and supportive environment for both academic fieldwork coordinators and disabled students.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251331923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katelyn Bridge, Dorothy Kessler, Tricia Morrison, Michel Lacerte
{"title":"Occupational Therapist Perspectives: Factors Influencing Recovery Following Motor Vehicle Accident Injury.","authors":"Katelyn Bridge, Dorothy Kessler, Tricia Morrison, Michel Lacerte","doi":"10.1177/00084174251336049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251336049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Motor vehicle accident (MVA) injuries can result in persistent impairments which contribute to chronic pain, mental health symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Occupational therapists play a key role in the rehabilitation of those injured in MVAs yet there is lack of evidence to inform occupational therapy practice. An explicit understanding of the factors influencing post-MVA recovery from occupational therapists' perspectives is needed to inform clinical service delivery. <b>Purpose.</b> This study addressed the following question: From the perspective of occupational therapists, what factors are identified as influencing recovery following a noncatastrophic injury sustained in an MVA? <b>Method.</b> An interpretive descriptive study design was used. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 occupational therapists who provide auto-insurer funded occupational therapy to clients with noncatastrophic injuries from an MVA. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. <b>Results.</b> Physical symptoms and accessibility, acceptance, social support, access to occupational therapy, and navigating the insurance system were factors identified as influencing post-MVA recovery. <b>Conclusion.</b> This study highlights the importance of using a biopsychosocial lens when working with clients post-MVA. Recovery post-MVA needs to be considered in the context of the insurance system, as navigating the insurance system was a predominant factor influencing recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251336049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental Coordination Disorder: Emotional and Cognitive Implications on Adults' Quality of Life.","authors":"Batya Engel-Yeger","doi":"10.1177/00084174251333392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251333392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may persist into adulthood, reduce function, participation, and quality of life (QOL). The negative impacts of DCD are mainly studied in children. <b>Purpose.</b> To explore the interrelations between factors affected by DCD in adults, with a focus on emotional/cognitive burdens, self-efficacy, and examine their direct/indirect effects on QOL. <b>Methods.</b> Based on Adult Developmental Co-ordination Checklist (ADC) cutoff scores, 240 adults were divided into three groups: (1) suspected DCD (s-DCD), (2) probable DCD (p-DCD), and (3) normal motor coordination. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21, General Self-Efficacy scale, Daily Living Questionnaire (functional cognition), and The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire brief form. Structural equation modeling examined mediation effects. <b>Findings.</b> The p-DCD group had the lowest emotional status, functional cognition, self-efficacy, and QOL and significantly differed from the s-DCD group in functional cognition. Emotional distress and self-efficacy mediated between motor coordination and QOL. <b>Conclusion.</b> The emotional-cognitive burdens in adults with DCD are related to motor deficits severity, reduced self-efficacy, and lower QOL. DCD should be screened and treated in adults to reduce daily life restrictions and elevate QOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251333392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parmeet Matharu, Elizabeth Pertsev, Patricia Chai, Denise Cheung, Miini Teng, Julia Schmidt, Tal Jarus
{"title":"Opinions and Perspectives of Canadian Occupational Therapists on Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Parmeet Matharu, Elizabeth Pertsev, Patricia Chai, Denise Cheung, Miini Teng, Julia Schmidt, Tal Jarus","doi":"10.1177/00084174251327301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251327301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Technology is rapidly being developed to improve healthcare outcomes. However, the attitudes and perceptions of occupational therapists (OTs) on artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare are not yet known. <b>Purpose:</b> This study aims to: explore Canadian OTs' (a) understanding and knowledge on AI, (b) opinions and perspectives on AI, and (c) perceptions of potential benefits and risks AI might bring to occupational therapy practice in Canada. <b>Method:</b> A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was used to gather perspectives of Canadian registered OTs. Two hundred and eighty-two survey respondents and 15 focus group participants took part in the study. <b>Findings:</b> Three main themes emerged: \"AI Knowledge and Implementation,\" \"Use of AI in Occupational Therapy,\" and \"Human vs. Machine.\" OTs have various levels of understanding of AI, and its capabilities within practice and are open to AI use in practice. Although ethical concerns must be addressed, OTs do not perceive AI to pose a threat to employment. <b>Conclusion:</b> OTs have the ability to implement and guide policy changes for technology adoption, and understanding their current perspectives creates opportunities to advocate for change in the field. Further education is needed to better prepare professionals for clinical usage of AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251327301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Davies, Emmah Doig, Matthew Gullo, Hannah Gullo
{"title":"Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) in Parkinson's: Randomized Trial Findings.","authors":"Sarah Davies, Emmah Doig, Matthew Gullo, Hannah Gullo","doi":"10.1177/00084174251327307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251327307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) experience increasing disability due to progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Comprehensive rehabilitation approaches are needed to maximize their daily functioning. CO-OP targets daily functioning and has established efficacy in populations with similar symptom profiles.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the potential of CO-OP for PwPD, a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consenting PwPD (<i>n </i>= 20) were recruited to a parallel group, assessor masked RCT. Following baseline assessment, participants were randomized to CO-OP (20 sessions:10-weeks) or a waitlist control (WLC; 0 sessions: 10 weeks). Goal attainment, functional and cognitive status, quality of life, self-efficacy, transfer, and maintenance were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Effort (<i>M </i>= 3.02/5) and enjoyment (<i>M </i>= 3.15/5) ratings; homework completion (<i>M </i>= 91%) and protocol adherence (<i>M </i>= 82%) indicate that CO-OP is feasible. CO-OP was superior to the WLC on Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) performance (<i>p</i>=<.001), COPM satisfaction (<i>p</i>=<.001), and Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS; <i>p</i>=<.001) but not the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS; <i>p </i>= .123).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing a critical gap in Parkinson's disease management, findings suggest that CO-OP is implementable, feasible, and potentially beneficial for PwPD. Further research is warranted to further establish efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251327307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occupational Therapy Professional Identity: Learning From the <i>Muriel Driver Memorial</i> Lectures.","authors":"Yasmine Frikha, Andrew Freeman, Nancy Côté","doi":"10.1177/00084174251327348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251327348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the well-documented professional identity challenges experienced by occupational therapists, reinforcing the profession's identity (collective and individual) is crucial for navigating changing environments and optimizing its contribution. The <i>Muriel Driver Memorial Lectureship</i> is an important component of the collective identity of the profession in Canada.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A professional identity lens was used to trace the evolution of the profession's collective identity in Canada through this lectureship.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using sociological professional identity theory, a documentary longitudinal analysis was conducted on the 43 published lectureship articles (1975-2023), identifying key messages, values, knowledge, and practices.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Eight main themes were identified: professional identity, epistemology, axiology, change and leadership, contribution, history, quality, and technology. The analysis revealed an evolving common base of values (occupation, client-centred, social justice) and knowledge (occupation-centred). Persistent challenges included defining theoretical foundations, resisting the biomedical model, and realizing the social vision in practice. The lectures highlighted occupational therapists' evolving roles and ability to contribute to and lead change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lectures provide insights into the evolution of occupational therapy's collective identity in Canada. Despite ongoing challenges, the contemporary context appears to be increasingly favourable for occupational therapists to practise consistent with the collective identity trends identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251327348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna Tornatore, Hannah Gullo, Jennifer Fleming
{"title":"Technology-Enabled Upper Limb Rehabilitation for Neurological Impairment: A Feasibility Randomized-Controlled Trial Protocol.","authors":"Giovanna Tornatore, Hannah Gullo, Jennifer Fleming","doi":"10.1177/00084174251316105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00084174251316105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Technology-enabled upper limb (UL) rehabilitation improves therapy intensity and impairment outcomes, however clinical usage remains low and evidence for functional outcomes is limited. While benefits of single-mode technologies have been demonstrated, a combination of technology modes or \"hybrid\" approach is an emerging option with shoulder to fingertip capability. Investigation of this approach within a hospital setting is warranted to inform occupational therapy practice with neurological patients. <b>Purpose.</b> This study examines feasibility of hybrid technology-enabled UL rehabilitation for in-patients with neurological impairments. <b>Method and Analyses.</b> A Phase II feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare usual care versus hybrid technology intervention using three technology modes (robotics, virtual reality, sensor-based therapy) plus usual care. Pre-post outcomes for UL impairment, activity, participation and self-reported function will be analyzed using 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA. Effect sizes will inform a power analysis for a full-scale RCT. Field observations and participant surveys will capture feasibility factors. It is anticipated hybrid technology for UL neurorehabilitation will be feasible in a hospital setting and show preliminary effectiveness for improving UL use in daily activities. <b>Ethics and Dissemination.</b> Ethics granted from RBWH Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/2020/QRBW/67076) and The University of Queensland (2021/HE002211).</p>","PeriodicalId":49097,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie","volume":" ","pages":"84174251316105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}