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Francis Bacon on Self-Care, Divination, and the Nature–Fortune Distinction 弗朗西斯·培根谈自我关怀、占卜和自然-财富的区别
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230067
Silvia Manzo
{"title":"Francis Bacon on Self-Care, Divination, and the Nature–Fortune Distinction","authors":"Silvia Manzo","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In presenting self-preservation as the most general law of nature, set at the summit of the structure of the natural world, Francis Bacon characterized the universal appetite for self-preservation as an innate instinct which, in the case of living beings, is primarily associated with the emotion of fear. Bacon’s philosophy offers several techniques of self-care to manage the fear of accidents of fortune from which the existence and well-being of the self is under constant threat. This article reconstructs Bacon’s treatment of divinatory arts and their contributions to self-care. We will explore how he adopts traditional divinatory arts and reforms them: oneirocritics, physiognomy, and astrology. We will contend that Bacon’s approach to divinatory arts as techniques for self-care and the management of fortune shows some salient points shared with his natural philosophy: in both cases, the approach is hermeneutical, with the goal of exerting human power. With regard both to nature and to fortune, however, our power to modify the state of things extends only so far. The range of decisions we can make is not unlimited but encompasses only what is “in our power,” that is, what depends on us.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Education and the Cultivation of the Early Modern Self: Cultura Animi as Self-Care in Juan Luis Vives 教育与早期现代自我的培养——胡安·路易斯·维维斯笔下的阿尼米文化自我关怀
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230065
K. Vermeir
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引用次数: 0
Front matter 前页
2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-02801000
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15733823-02801000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02801000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136041479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Astrological Self-Government at the Fifteenth-Century Court of Bourbon 15世纪波旁王朝的占星自治
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230064
Steven Vanden Broecke
{"title":"Astrological Self-Government at the Fifteenth-Century Court of Bourbon","authors":"Steven Vanden Broecke","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In articulating the uses of their art, late-medieval astrologers often invoked the maxim that “the wise man will rule the stars” (sapiens dominabitur astris). However, it is by no means clear whether this invocation sought to emphasize ‘domination’ over the natural and social world, or the ontological self-government that is at stake in the pursuit of ‘wisdom’. Many historians have interpreted the past pursuit of astrology in terms of an interest in dominance over the natural and social world. Taking inspiration from a recent ‘ascetic turn’ in the history of early modern science and philosophy, however, this article argues that late-medieval astrology was approached and appreciated as an art of self-government (both in body and in soul) and uncovers what this entailed. In so doing, we also demonstrate that the undifferentiated view of astrology as a pre-modern counterpart of modern prospective knowledge practices is anachronistic.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cabanis’ Kunst der Koexistenz lebender Systeme 赌场里共存的艺术
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220061
T. Cheung
{"title":"Cabanis’ Kunst der Koexistenz lebender Systeme","authors":"T. Cheung","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cabanis’ „Kunst der Koexistenz“ des Menschen in sozialen Ordnungen beruht auf dessen „tierischer Existenz“ als ein individuiertes physiologisches „Gesamtsystem“, das sich seinerseits aus verschiedenen, interagierenden „Reaktionszentren“ zusammensetzt und in einem bestimmten Verhältnis zur es umfassenden „Außenwelt“ steht. In diesem Aufsatz untersuche ich die Doppelstruktur physiologischer und sozialer „Koexistenz“ im Rahmen einer Existenzbedingungen und Entwicklungspotentiale umfassenden „Wissenschaft des Menschen“.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46085986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Images & Color: The Strasbourg Printer Johann Schott (1477–1548) and His Circle 图片和颜色:斯特拉斯堡印刷约翰·肖特(1477-1548)和他的圈子
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220060
Domenico Bertoloni Meli
{"title":"Images & Color: The Strasbourg Printer Johann Schott (1477–1548) and His Circle","authors":"Domenico Bertoloni Meli","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000While most Renaissance scholars working on compendia of learning, geography, surgery, legal history, art history, the Reformation, and botany will be familiar with the name of Johann Schott, few have appreciated the range and impact of the Strasbourg printer’s publications. Here I discuss a handful among the over two hundred books and other materials he printed: Gregor Reisch’s Margarita Philosophica; the edition of Ptolemy’s Geographia with Waldseemüller’s maps; Hans von Gersdorff, Feldtbuch der Wundarzney; and – the main focus this essay – Herbarum vivae eicones, with figures by Hans Weiditz and text by Otto Brunfels. Schott can be seen as an architect or active agent of his publications; his innovative use of images and color can be seen as having progressively developed from his early prints to his celebrated herbal.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Search of the Unicorn’s Virtue in a Rhino Horn Cup: Consumption of Rhino Horns and the Production of Knowledge in Early Modern Lisbon 在犀牛角杯中寻找独角兽的美德:近代早期里斯本的犀牛角消费与知识生产
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220059
Bruno A Martinho, António Manuel Lopes Andrade
{"title":"In Search of the Unicorn’s Virtue in a Rhino Horn Cup: Consumption of Rhino Horns and the Production of Knowledge in Early Modern Lisbon","authors":"Bruno A Martinho, António Manuel Lopes Andrade","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article focuses on the analysis of a medical consilium about a rhino horn written around 1570 by the Portuguese royal physician Jorge Godines to the Spanish ambassador in Lisbon. It sheds light on the processes of knowledge production concerning rhino and unicorn horns in early modern Lisbon. Through micro-historical analysis, we will demonstrate how demand, supply, and the availability of specimens, experience, information, and intellectual networks contributed to the establishment of a specific geography of scientific knowledge around the city. The analysis hopes to contribute to the disclosure of a more heterogeneous scientific landscape in early modern Europe, where practices of knowledge production depended very much on local contacts and on the agents’ individual trajectories.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42757592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Action at a Distance in Pre-Newtonian Natural Philosophy: An Introduction 前牛顿自然哲学中的远距离行动
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220054
R. Garau, Doina‐Cristina Rusu
{"title":"Action at a Distance in Pre-Newtonian Natural Philosophy: An Introduction","authors":"R. Garau, Doina‐Cristina Rusu","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220054","url":null,"abstract":"All historians of science are familiar with the debates on the issue of action at a distance surrounding Newtonian physics.1 Even prior to Newton, however, action at a distance represented a major concern for natural philosophers and practitioners of the various arts in the early modern period.2 This is because certain phenomena – such as tides and magnetic attraction – appeared to display causation without bodily contact.3 The widespread belief in the action of remote stellar constellations and heavenly bodies provided the theoretical","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45412701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Send a Secret Message from Rome to Paris in the Early Modern Period: Telegraphy between Magnetism, Sympathy, and Charlatanry 近代早期如何从罗马向巴黎发送秘密信息:电报在磁力、同情和骗子之间
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220056
Christoph Sander
{"title":"How to Send a Secret Message from Rome to Paris in the Early Modern Period: Telegraphy between Magnetism, Sympathy, and Charlatanry","authors":"Christoph Sander","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 1558, the famous natural magician Giambattista della Porta was the first to allude to a method of transmitting secret messages by using manipulated magnetic compasses. Soon thereafter, this idea, known in modern historiography as ‘magnetic telegraphy’, was spelled out and advertised by many early modern scholars as a promising technology of communication by action at a distance. In 1609, Daniel Schwenter created the most sophisticated design for the fulfillment of this potential: two compass needles were to be magnetized in a highly codified procedure to establish a sympathetic bond between them. Used in a compass circumscribed by an alphabet, one needle would turn to a certain letter whenever the other needle was moved to that same letter. Through ‘sympathy’, it was thought that this could made to occur even over a distance of many miles. The idea’s first critic, the Jesuit, Leonardo Garzoni, was quick to dismiss it as charlatanry, and many later authors argued that the device could not work as there was no such ‘sympathy’ or magnetism between the two devices. Though only a fanciful pipe dream of natural magic, this pseudo-technology of a magnetic telegraph yet testifies to the imagination of early modern scholars in having prefigured the modern reality of instantaneous global communication.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43679197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fascination and Action at a Distance in Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根的《远方的魅力与行动》
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20220055
Doina‐Cristina Rusu
{"title":"Fascination and Action at a Distance in Francis Bacon","authors":"Doina‐Cristina Rusu","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20220055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Throughout his writings, Francis Bacon shows a great interest in the power of the imagination, both on other minds and on other bodies, a crucial part of natural magic. Convinced of the overall value of magic, Bacon nevertheless takes issue with the corrupt state into which he saw this discipline as having descended, overrun with false theories and invented stories. Bacon’s reform of experimental natural philosophy includes a naturalisation of magic, and this can be best illustrated when we look at his conception of fascination. In this paper, I show that the characteristics of this naturalisation are: (1) the definition of the object of study and the classification of phenomena; (2) the use of models and analogical thinking when the topic under study is difficult to observe; (3) the introduction of measurements and quantification of natural phenomena; (4) the need for replicability and diversification of experiments; and (5) the rejection of explanations in terms of occult qualities and their replacement with explanations in terms of the motion(s) of the spiritual matter emitted from the active body, which is impressed on the motion of the spiritual matter of the passive body.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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