Kirk Haltaufderhyde, Andres H Gutiérrez, Mitchell McAllister, Christine M Boyle, Leonard Moise, William Martin, Anne S De Groot
{"title":"T-cell responses to highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in Hispanic Americans receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Kirk Haltaufderhyde, Andres H Gutiérrez, Mitchell McAllister, Christine M Boyle, Leonard Moise, William Martin, Anne S De Groot","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2501844","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2501844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports the pre-clinical evaluation of peptides from EPV-CoV-19, a T cell epitope-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, following spike-mRNA vaccination of a predominantly Hispanic American cohort. EPV-COV-19 peptides' potential to boost T cell responses to spike protein vaccines was evaluated, confirming previously observed memory recall responses in donors with prior immunity to COVID-19. The vaccinated subjects' averaged immune responses to the 15-peptide EPV-CoV-19 pool achieved 85% of the observed response to a spike protein peptide array containing a 7-fold greater epitope content, suggesting that the EPV-CoV-19 peptides have a higher relative concentration of T cell epitope content per-peptide. Ten of the 15 peptides contained spike epitopes conserved in the majority of variants of concern (VOC) evaluated over the 2020-2024 period. While commercial vaccines exhibited gradual loss of T cell epitope conservation with VOC over time, the EPV-CoV-19 epitope-peptides maintained conservation until the XBB variant emerged. The addition of one new peptide to the vaccine design reestablished broad T cell epitope coverage. These findings underscore the importance of identifying highly conserved T cell epitopes for vaccine designs that target rapidly-mutating strains of emergent pathogens, while also documenting broad memory T cell response to the vaccine in a predominantly Hispanic American cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2501844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resurgence of pertussis: Epidemiological trends, contributing factors, challenges, and recommendations for vaccination and surveillance.","authors":"Sijia Wang, Shimo Zhang, Jue Liu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2513729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2513729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertussis, a respiratory disease caused by <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, remains a global health challenge despite decades of vaccination. The inclusion of diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines in the World Health Organization (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1974 significantly reduced incidence worldwide. However, since the 1980s, pertussis resurgence has been observed in both high-income and low- and middle-income nations. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted vaccination, exacerbating outbreaks. Contributing factors include genetic mutations in <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, vaccine differences, waning immunity, inadequate immunization, disease cyclicity, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with improved surveillance, diagnostics, and awareness. Pertussis continues to impose a substantial disease burden, with infants being the most vulnerable. This review examines pertussis epidemiology from 1980 to 2023, analyzing resurgence drivers and evaluating current progress and persistent challenges in vaccination strategies and surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2513729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si-Jie Wang, Roger Glass, Baoming Jiang, Carl Kirkwood, Umesh Parashar, Zhao-Jun Duan, Xuan-Yi Wang
{"title":"A report for the fifth International Workshop on Rotavirus and Norovirus in China.","authors":"Si-Jie Wang, Roger Glass, Baoming Jiang, Carl Kirkwood, Umesh Parashar, Zhao-Jun Duan, Xuan-Yi Wang","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2512647","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2512647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fifth International Workshop on Rotavirus and Norovirus in China was convened in Shanghai May 8-9, 2024. The workshop was organized by Fudan University and China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), with strong support from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States (US CDC). Over 230 participants from 10 countries, including experts and representatives from government and non-government organizations, academia and vaccine manufacturers, attended the meeting. Progress on reduced rotavirus disease burden, the impact of currently licensed oral vaccines, new vaccines and technologies under development to control and prevent acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus and norovirus, mucosal immunity and its measurement, as well as the association between the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine and intestinal microbiome were discussed extensively. This report summarized the latest information shared at the convening.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2512647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Wei, Bochao Jia, Shuang Zheng, Xuexue Zhang, Miaoran Wang, Ning Sun, Rui Zhang, Qiuyan Li
{"title":"Application of monoclonal antibodies in diabetes: A bibliometric analysis from 2004-2024.","authors":"Rui Wei, Bochao Jia, Shuang Zheng, Xuexue Zhang, Miaoran Wang, Ning Sun, Rui Zhang, Qiuyan Li","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2536910","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2536910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown significant promise in diabetes treatment through immunobiological mechanisms. To comprehensively understand the current development status and future trends of this research field, this study used bibliometric methods to retrieve literature data from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2004 to 2024 and conducted a comprehensive analysis using R software and VOSviewer. A total of 900 papers were published by 4,678 authors from 56 countries, with global publication volume and average citation frequency peaking in 2019, after which the field entered a stable development phase. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in terms of total publications, citations, and national collaborations. The journal <i>Diabetes</i> had the highest publication output. Herold KC from Yale University ranked highest in publication count, citation frequency, and Hirsch index. Four key research focuses were identified in T1D: the multifaceted roles of mAbs in clinical trials (a hot mature topic), developing therapeutic targets through animal models (a centralized, declining topic), inducing immune tolerance in transplantation using mAbs (a mature, declining topic), and assessing the safety, risk, and efficacy of mAbs in diabetes treatment (a niche and well-developed topic). Substantial clinical progress has already been achieved with mAbs targeting autoimmune destruction in T1D, while therapeutic strategies for metabolic dysregulation in T2D are primarily in the preclinical stage yet show promising potential. Advancing combination therapies, personalizing treatments, and enhancing mechanistic research will improve the safety and efficacy of mAbs in diabetes management, providing valuable insights for future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2536910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Isaac A Suárez-Sangucho, Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez, Pablo A Santillan-Roldán, Melisa Villavicencio-Gomezjurado, Camila Salazar-Santoliva, Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre, Juan S Izquierdo-Condoy
{"title":"Pandemic paradox: How the COVID-19 crisis transformed vaccine hesitancy into a two-edged sword.","authors":"Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Isaac A Suárez-Sangucho, Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez, Pablo A Santillan-Roldán, Melisa Villavicencio-Gomezjurado, Camila Salazar-Santoliva, Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre, Juan S Izquierdo-Condoy","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2543167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2543167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines was a landmark achievement that saved millions of lives. However, this success also intensified vaccine hesitancy, as misinformation, evolving public health guidelines, and growing distrust in institutions fueled anti-vaccine sentiment. In this opinion piece, we explore the paradoxical legacy of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign - how a global scientific triumph simultaneously gave rise to an emboldened anti-vaccine movement. Drawing on international data, we highlight the association between baseline vaccine acceptance and subsequent booster uptake and interpret these trends through the lens of the Health Belief Model. We further examine the psychological, cultural, political, and structural drivers of hesitancy and outline key strategies to rebuild public trust. Addressing this crisis requires proactive, evidence-informed, and culturally sensitive approaches to safeguard the future of global immunization efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2543167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analyses of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children and adults: A narrative review.","authors":"Aiko Shono, Shu-Ling Hoshi, Masahide Kondo","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2525619","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2525619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many pneumococcal vaccines have been developed. Economic evaluation provides a framework to inform decision-making. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) studies on 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) have been published. We introduce the concept of health economics and the basic framework for CEAs. We present a narrative literature review of recent CEA studies involving the PCV20. We also provide guidance for interpreting vaccine-related CEAs. We included 26 CEAs (17 in adults, nine in children) from 15 countries in this review. Eight of the pediatric studies and 11 of the adult studies concluded that PCV20 strategy would be cost-saving compared with existing vaccine(s), in at least one comparison. CEA is a modeling method based on existing data but includes a degree of uncertainty. It is therefore important to interpret the results of a CEA study with an understanding of the features and limitations of the analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2525619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Gudzak, Charlotte Logeman, Natalie Crown, Anthony N T Ilersich, Mike Folinas, C Meghan McMurtry, Lucie M Bucci, Christine Shea, Vibhuti Shah, Heather Boon, Joel Katz, Lisa Dolovich, Anna Taddio
{"title":"Using the CARD system for university-based pop-up vaccination clinics: A two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study.","authors":"Victoria Gudzak, Charlotte Logeman, Natalie Crown, Anthony N T Ilersich, Mike Folinas, C Meghan McMurtry, Lucie M Bucci, Christine Shea, Vibhuti Shah, Heather Boon, Joel Katz, Lisa Dolovich, Anna Taddio","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2509484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2509484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass vaccination clinics efficiently vaccinate large numbers of people. The CARD system (Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract) is a vaccination delivery framework that can improve the experiences of vaccine recipients and providers. This two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study implemented and sustained CARD in university-based vaccination clinics involving pharmacy student vaccinators. Stage 1 was a before-and-after study conducted across four COVID-19 vaccination clinics in November-December, 2022. Stage 2 was a single cohort study whereby CARD was sustained across four COVID-19/influenza vaccination clinics in November, 2023. In both stages, vaccine recipients rated experiences relative to last vaccination (<i>primary outcome</i>) and symptoms (pain, fear, dizziness) using surveys. Pharmacy student vaccinators completed attitudes and behaviors surveys; a subsample participated in focus groups. In Stage 1, more vaccine recipients in the after period (vs. before) reported a better vaccination experience relative to their last vaccination (64.0% vs 33.6%; <i>p</i> < .001; <i>n</i> = 181). Fear and pain were lower (1.1 vs. 1.7, <i>p</i> = .03; and 1.6 vs. 2.1, <i>p</i> = .02, respectively). In Stage 2, 57.4% (95% CI: 53.1%-61.6%; <i>n</i> = 542) of vaccine recipients reported a better experience. Across stages, pharmacy students had positive attitudes about acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of CARD and reported high fidelity with CARD-recommended interventions. CARD is recommended for university-based vaccination clinics to improve vaccine recipient and provider experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2509484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth M La, Catherine B McGuiness, David Singer, Marie Yasuda, Chi-Chang Chen
{"title":"RSV vaccination uptake among adults aged 60 years and older in the United States during the 2023-2025 vaccination seasons.","authors":"Elizabeth M La, Catherine B McGuiness, David Singer, Marie Yasuda, Chi-Chang Chen","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2535755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2535755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults and adults with certain chronic conditions are at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. In 2023, RSV vaccines first became available in the United States (US) for adults aged ≥60 years. This retrospective database analysis evaluated RSV vaccination uptake from August 2023-February 2025 using IQVIA's open-source pharmacy (LRx) and medical (Dx) claims data. The study included US adults aged ≥60 years with ≥1 claim in 2023. For those without RSV vaccination in 2023, ≥1 claim was also required between January 2024-February 2025. Uptake was assessed as the number and percentage of eligible adults who received an RSV vaccine during the study period. Multivariable logistic regression modeling explored factors associated with RSV vaccination. Nearly 12.8 million adults aged ≥60 years (16.4%) received RSV vaccination between August 2023-February 2025. Uptake generally increased with age and was higher among those with ≥1 potential risk factor for severe RSV disease. Disparities in uptake were observed by race, ethnicity, and other social determinants of health. In multivariable analyses, odds of RSV vaccination were nearly 24 times higher for those who received ≥1 non-RSV vaccine from August 2023-February 2025 versus those who had not. Despite the increased risk of severe RSV disease among older adults and those with certain risk factors, relatively limited RSV vaccination uptake was observed during the 2023-2025 seasons, with disparities observed. Additional efforts are needed to support RSV prevention among those at highest risk and to ensure equitable access to vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2535755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Playing CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract): Upping our game on the quality of vaccine delivery.","authors":"Noni E MacDonald, Lucie M Bucci, Anna Taddio","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2526226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2526226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2526226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human vaccines and immunotherapeutics: News July 2025.","authors":"Ronald Ellis, Adam Weiss","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2025.2547551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2547551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"21 1","pages":"2547551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}