Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

{"title":"RSV vaccine uptake among Medicare Advantage enrollees: August 2023 to December 2024.","authors":"Vishal Saundankar, Reiko Sato, Robyn Moucka, Pamela Smith, Kimbal Ford, Edward W Casey, Chris Barger, Richard Sheer, Brandon Suehs","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2745402","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2745402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infections, disproportionately affecting young children, older adults, and those with chronic medical conditions. In the US, RSV vaccine recommendations by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for adults were first issued in 2023 and have since evolved. Uptake of the RSV vaccine by eligible US adults has been slower than expected, with approximately one-fifth (21.0%) of adults aged ≥ 65 years enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service plans receiving the vaccine in the first season of availability. We analyzed RSV vaccine uptake over two seasons among older adults enrolled in Medicare Advantage. Overall RSV vaccine uptake was higher in the 2023/2024 season compared with the 2024/2025 season, peaking in October of both years. Adults ≥ 75 years had higher vaccine uptake than those 65-74 years. Vaccination was highest among groups at increased risk for severe RSV illness. Among approximately 1.7 MM individuals who met the 2024 CDC recommendations for vaccination, roughly 80% did not have evidence of RSV vaccination. Targeted strategies are needed to further reach adults who are at increased risk for severe RSV illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2745402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in individuals 6 months of age and older in India.","authors":"Pedro M Folegatti, Cynthia Tabar, Celine Petit, Parth Vachhani, Sonali Kar, Virendra N Tripathi, Anand Kawade, Iris De Bruijn","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2650848","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2650848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza remains a significant public health burden in India, causing seasonal outbreaks and substantial morbidity across all age groups. Despite available effective vaccines, uptake remains low, and comprehensive safety and immunogenicity data for quadrivalent influenza vaccines in Indian populations are limited. This open-label phase III study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine (QIV) in participants aged 6 months and older across five Indian sites. Participants received one or two 0.5 mL doses based on age and prior vaccination history. A total of 401 participants were enrolled in the study. Geometric mean titers increased from baseline across all age groups for all four strains. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titer ratios (GMTRs) comparing post-vaccination to baseline values showed higher responses to A/H1N1 in adults aged 18 years and older, while A/H3N2 responses were similar across age groups. Younger participants demonstrated higher GMTRs for B/Yamagata and B/Victoria strains. Seroconversion rates at day 29 were generally highest against A/H1N1 across all ages. Solicited injection site reactions were comparable among age groups, though younger participants reported fewer local reactions. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. These findings demonstrate that QIV induced HAI titer increases in pediatric populations comparable to or somewhat higher adult responses against all four vaccine strains. QIV immunization against influenza was generally safe and well tolerated in both adults and children.<b>Clinical Trials Registry - India:</b> CTRI/2021/11/037841.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2650848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster knowledge, attitudes, and herpes zoster vaccine acceptability among patients in a tertiary hospital and dermatologists in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Krisha K Lim, Christine Bernadette O Lo, Maria Christina Filomena R Batac","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2633892","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2633892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As life expectancy increases, age-related diseases become more frequent and severe, making vaccination a key strategy for disease prevention. To assess the knowledge and attitudes toward herpes zoster and to determine associations with acceptability of vaccination among patients and dermatologists, a descriptive and quantitative analytic cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among patients aged ≥50 y in a tertiary hospital, and dermatologists in the Philippines. Majority of dermatologists had good knowledge (97.5%) and attitudes (99.7%) toward vaccination. Reported barriers were vaccine cost, procurement, and storage. Only 32.8% of patients were aware of herpes zoster, of which 61.7% had good knowledge and 99.2% had positive attitudes toward vaccination. Majority (87.0%) were willing to be vaccinated. Fear of side effects and unwillingness to pay limited acceptance. Knowledge did not impact vaccine acceptance, but favorable attitudes were associated with acceptance in both groups. Recall and social desirability bias cannot be ruled out, and sampling of patients was limited to a single outpatient clinic. Overall, Filipino dermatologists exhibit high levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and vaccine acceptability. While patient awareness was limited, vaccine acceptability is high, particularly when recommended by a physician, highlighting their critical role in primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2633892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the burden of HPV-associated cancers in Brazil: Hospitalization and mortality trends from 2011 to 2019.","authors":"Cintia Irene Parellada, Ana Luiza Bierrenbach, Adriana Bittencourt Campaner, Rodrigo Gonçalves Queijo, Tulio Tadeu Rocha Sarmento, Juan Carlos Orengo","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2640760","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2640760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers represent a substantial public health burden. This study analyzed the national burden of hospitalization and mortality from HPV-associated cancers in Brazil between 2011 and 2019. Outcomes included average annual numbers, crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population, and trends estimated via joinpoint regression for cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and head and neck cancers (oropharynx, larynx, and oral cavity). Between 2011 and 2019, HPV-attributable cancers accounted for an average of 29,155 hospitalizations (14.3 per 100,000) and 7526 deaths (3.7 per 100,000) annually across both sexes. Among females, there were an average of 24,921 hospitalizations (24.0 per 100,000) and 6430 deaths annually, largely driven by cervical cancer. Among males, there were an estimated 4234 HPV-attributable hospitalizations and 1096 deaths per year (4.1 and 1.1 per 100,000, respectively), with penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers being the largest contributors. Cervical cancer accounted for 74.3% of HPV-attributable hospitalizations, followed by anal (10.4%), head and neck (9.2%), and penile cancers (3.4%). Most HPV-associated cancers showed stable hospitalization and mortality trends over time. For cervical cancer, hospitalizations rose by 3.9% annually between 2016 and 2019, while mortality rose by 0.7% annually over the entire period. Anal cancer showed significant increases in both hospitalizations (AAPC = 3.1%) and mortality (AAPC = 10.9%). These findings underscore the need for continued efforts to prevent and reduce the burden of HPV-associated cancers in Brazil, including expanded cohort vaccination, consideration of higher-valency vaccines, and improved access to early detection and timely treatment for both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2640760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in socially vulnerable Latinx communities in North Texas.","authors":"Russell Manzano, Sobur Ali, Stacey B Griner, Malinee Neelamegam, Nolan Kline","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2669428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2669428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, COVID-19 vaccines are widely available, but vaccine hesitancy and vaccine disparities remain. Healthcare providers and community organizational leaders who serve as frontline workers and interact with vaccine-hesitant people, can provide important insights on factors that perpetuate vaccine hesitancy. These perspectives may be especially important for vaccine-hesitant people with intersecting social vulnerabilities, including racial and ethnic minorities who are also LGBTQ+ individuals, immigrants, or pregnant people. While predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been examined, there has been comparatively less research on healthcare providers' and organizational leaders' perspectives about factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Responsive to this gap, the purpose of this study was to identify healthcare providers' and organizational leaders' perspectives about factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Latinx people in North Texas who identify as (1) LGBTQ+, (2) immigrants, or (3) pregnant or postpartum individuals. We conducted in-depth interviews with 13 participants that serve these groups. Data were collected in 2022, and interviews were thematically analyzed using MaxQDA software. Participants described misinformation, interpersonal context, and pregnancy concerns as main reasons for vaccine hesitancy among their patients. Findings from this study contribute to overall knowledge of vaccine hesitancy among minoritized people, demonstrating how multilevel factors contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Further, the findings suggest potential pathways where misinformation may operate through interpersonal networks to amplify intrapersonal concerns. Due to current changes in COVID-19 vaccine recommendations, research that focuses on vaccines and misinformation is critical in preventing vaccine hesitancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2669428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13178169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends, disparities, and multilevel interventions: A global review of HPV vaccination among university students.","authors":"Yunjun Yan, Shuang Guan, Wei Chen, Junli Shi, Ruoyu Chao, Jing Fang, Chunhui Zheng, Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2667395","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2667395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a critical yet underutilized strategy for preventing HPV-related cancers in young adults. University students represent a key demographic for catch-up vaccination owing to their risk profile and transitional healthcare access. This review synthesized data from January 2015 to February 2026 to examine the trends, disparities, and determinants of HPV vaccine uptake in this population. Vaccination rates remain suboptimal worldwide, with pronounced disparities across sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic regions. Key barriers operate at multiple levels: individual (knowledge gaps, low perceived risk, hesitancy), interpersonal (lack of provider recommendations), and structural (cost, healthcare access). Promising evidence-based interventions include proactive campus health services, digital campaigns tailored to Generation Z, healthcare provider recommendations, and supportive policies. An integrated socioecological approach coordinating strategies across these levels is essential. This review highlights the urgent need for equity-focused multichannel interventions and policies to improve HPV vaccination coverage among university students worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2667395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional survey of general practitioners' influenza vaccination willingness and influencing factors based on the reasoned action approach.","authors":"Yundi Ma, Yangni Li, Mingmin Chen, Jingjing Ren, Linlin Xu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2685454","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2685454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General practitioners (GPs) play a dual role in influenza prevention and control as both medical decision-makers and a high-risk population for infection. This study, based on the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA), aimed to explore GPs' influenza vaccination willingness and its influencing factors. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from February 11 to March 20, 2025, using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered general profiles, influenza vaccination in the last season, vaccination willingness, and a RAA-based scales (including dimensions of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), and information-seeking behavior (active information collection, methods, and trusted sources). Among 341 questionnaires distributed, 330 valid ones were returned. The mean vaccination willingness score was 3.82 out of 5. Multiple regression analysis showed that vaccination willingness was positively associated with subjective norms (β = 0.367), attitudes (β = 0.291), vaccination in the last season (β = 0.124), and type of workplace (β = 0.111) (all p < .05). Given GPs' exemplary role as health promoters, this study proposed multidimensional strategies like strengthening their health education, establishing social norm guidance mechanisms, and optimizing vaccine service accessibility. These aimed to enhance GPs' vaccination willingness and their positive guidance on preventive behaviors in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2685454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled trial evaluating immunogenicity and safety of a porcine circovirus-free rotavirus vaccine in healthy Chinese infants.","authors":"Xiaoqiang Liu, Yulin Jing, Xiuqing Wang, Fei Yang, Ana Cristy Ugarte Guzmán, Dunson Ejedepang, Jieqiong Hu, Keruo Liu, Yassmine Ammiche, Md Ahsan Habib","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2676381","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2676381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality among children under 5 y globally, accounting for approximately one-third of childhood diarrhea cases in China. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for RV prevention. Rotarix, a liquid RV vaccine with a 2-dose schedule, has been modified to exclude porcine circovirus (PCV) components. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of Rotarix PCV-free vs Rotarix in healthy Chinese infants. In this Phase III, observer-blinded, randomized, multicenter study, infants aged 6-16 weeks were randomized to receive two oral doses of either vaccine (Rotarix PCV-free or Rotarix) 1-month apart. Primary endpoints were seroconversion rates (SCRs) and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of serum anti-RV IgA antibodies 1-month post-Dose 2. Non-inferiority was defined as a 95% CI lower limit (LL) for both SCR ≥ -10% and GMC ratio ≥ 0.67. Safety was assessed by monitoring solicited adverse events (AEs) within 14 d post-vaccination, unsolicited AEs within 31 d, and serious AEs (SAEs) throughout the study. Of 2000 randomized participants, 96.8% (Rotarix PCV-free) and 96.6% (Rotarix) received both doses. SCR: 84.9% (Rotarix PCV‑free) vs 88.7% (Rotarix); difference -3.73% (95% CI - 6.93, -0.55; <i>p</i> = .0317), met non‑inferiority ≥-10%. GMC ratio did not meet non‑inferiority: ratio 0.71 (95% CI 0.60-0.84; <i>p</i> < .0001), 95% CI LL < prespecified 0.67. The most common systemic AE was cough/runny nose (Rotarix PCV-free 30.6% vs Rotarix 25.4%); SAEs occurred in 26.1% and 25.2% of participants, respectively, with none deemed vaccine-related. Rotarix PCV-free demonstrated non-inferior SCRs vs Rotarix. Both vaccines showed comparable safety profiles.<b>ChinaDrugTrials.org registration</b>: CTR2023189.<b>EudraCT</b>: 2020-000972-38.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2676381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV vaccine awareness and uptake among women attending cervical screening in health-resource-limited areas of China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xinhua Jia, Xi'ao Da, Jingyi Shi, Rufei Duan, Yuqian Zhao, Zhifang Li, Ruimei Feng, Chunxia Yang, Tai Zhang, Hongyun Zhang, Junling Wang, Shangyin Hu, Youlin Qiao","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2644020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2644020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence shows HPV vaccination reduces infection, precancer and cervical cancer, yet coverage in health-resource-limited of China remains uncertain. We assessed awareness, uptake and correlates among women attending cervical screening, and examined associations with screening outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional study in eight county sites in 2023-2024 among women aged 35-64 y. A standardized questionnaire captured sociodemographic factors, awareness and vaccination. Cervical samples were tested for hrHPV. Outcomes were awareness, vaccination, hrHPV, HPV16/18 and CIN2+. Associations were estimated using modified Poisson models with site fixed effects and HC3 robust errors. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and covariate-standardized marginal estimates were reported. We included 93,027 unique participants. Awareness was 45.15% and vaccination 6.73%. hrHPV prevalence was 11.38% and CIN2+ detection was 0.70%. In 2024 versus 2023, awareness was lower (40.66% vs 51.34%) while vaccination was higher (7.61% vs 5.53%; aPR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32). Awareness and uptake declined with age; coverage was 23.23% at ages 35-39 and 0.29% at ages 60-64. Urban residence and higher education were associated with uptake (urban aPR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.27; bachelor's or higher aPR 1.73, 95% CI 1.58-1.90). The age-by-year interaction was significant, with standardized gains concentrated at ages 35-49. Vaccination was associated with lower HPV16/18 infection (aPR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.85) but not with overall hrHPV or CIN2+. HPV vaccine awareness and uptake were low among women aged 35-64 y in health-resource-limited areas, with strong age, educational and urban-rural gradients and marked site heterogeneity. Uptake increased in 2024, mainly at ages 35-49, and vaccination was associated with a lower prevalence of HPV16/18 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2644020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of 22 HPV vaccination strategies to minimize the risk of penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers in Chinese males: A Markov model analysis.","authors":"Di Wang, Weihua Luo, Ruixi Qin, Gan Xu, Peipei Chai, Bingjie Liu, Liangru Zhou, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2646398","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2646398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Males can benefit significantly from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. This study developed a decision-Markov model to evaluate the lifetime effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 22 HPV vaccination strategies for preventing penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. From a healthcare system perspective, vaccination strategies targeting males aged 14 and 40 were compared against no vaccination. Key parameters, including disease progression probabilities, cancer incidence, health state utilities, and direct medical costs, were sourced from the published literature and national databases. We calculated the number of cancer cases and deaths under different strategies and compared their cost-effectiveness. Results demonstrated that male vaccination is highly cost-effective. Vaccinating 14-y-old males averted between 73,724 and 416,654 cancer cases and between 1,102 and 6,229 deaths, depending on the vaccine valency and coverage rate. Similarly, strategies targeting 40-y-old males demonstrated substantial benefits. Overall, 20 of the 22 strategies were deemed highly cost-effective against a willingness-to-pay threshold of three times the national gross domestic product per capita. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the results' robustness. This study provides economic evidence to inform national HPV vaccination policies, demonstrating that including males, particularly adolescents, in vaccination programs represents a cost-effective investment for reducing the burden of HPV-associated cancers in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2646398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}