Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in returning Chinese individuals.","authors":"Runyu Yuan, Huimin Chen, Lina Yi, Xinxin Li, Ximing Hu, Xing Li, Huan Zhang, Pingping Zhou, Chumin Liang, Huifang Lin, Lilian Zeng, Xue Zhuang, QianQian Ruan, Yueling Chen, Yingyin Deng, Zhe Liu, Jing Lu, Jianpeng Xiao, Liang Chen, Xincai Xiao, Jing Li, Baisheng Li, Yan Li, Jianfeng He, Jiufeng Sun","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2023.2300208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2023.2300208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global COVID-19 vaccination programs effectively contained the fast spread of SARS-CoV-2. Characterizing the immunity status of returned populations will favor understanding the achievement of herd immunity and long-term management of COVID-19 in China. Individuals were recruited from 7 quarantine stations in Guangzhou, China. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from participants, and their immunity status was determined through competitive ELISA, microneutralization assay and enzyme-linked FluoroSpot assay. A total of 272 subjects were involved in the questionnaire survey, of whom 235 (86.4%) were returning Chinese individuals and 37 (13.6%) were foreigners. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from 108 returning Chinese individuals. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in ~90% of returning Chinese individuals, either in the primary or the homologous and heterologous booster vaccination group. The serum NAb titers were significantly decreased against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB.1 compared with the prototype virus. However, memory T-cell responses, including specific IFN-γ and IL-2 responses, were not different in either group. Smoking, alcohol consumption, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and the time interval between last vaccination and sampling were independent influencing factors for NAb titers against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. The vaccine dose was the unique common influencing factor for Omicron subvariants. Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was established in returning Chinese individuals who were exposed to reinfection and vaccination. Domestic residents will benefit from booster homologous or heterologous COVID-19 vaccination after reopening of China, which is also useful against breakthrough infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2300208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses post heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) in HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.","authors":"Sorawit Chittrakarn, Pisud Siripaitoon, Sarunyou Chusri, Siripen Kanchanasuwan, Boonsri Charoenmak, Thanaporn Hortiwakul, Phaiwon Kantikit, Narongdet Kositpantawong","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune response to heterologous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still unclear. Herein, our prospective cohort study aimed to compare the immune response of heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) between PLWH having CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL (low CD4+) and > 200 cells/µL (high CD4+). Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percentage inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were analyzed at 2 and 12 weeks after immunization. Participants in the low and high CD4+ groups had mean CD4+ counts of 139 and 575 cell/µL, respectively. Two and 12 weeks after immunization, in the low CD4 group, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels were 159 IU/mL and 143 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb level was 71% and decreased to 47.2%, respectively. Contrarily, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels in the high CD4+ group were 273 IU/mL and 294 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb levels were 89.3% and relatively stable at 81.6%. However, although immune responses between the two study groups were not significantly different, a decline in nAb levels was observed at 12 weeks in the low CD4+ group. Therefore, a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose is suggested for immunoprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2309734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10841008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> observation of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i>-antigen treated neutrophils on three <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> strains isolated from vascular pythiosis patients.","authors":"Sadeep Medhasi, Apichaya Sriwarom, Nitipong Permpalung, Pattama Torvorapanit, Rongpong Plongla, Ariya Chindamporn, Navaporn Worasilchai","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2304372","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2304372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i>-antigen (PIA) immunotherapy activating a patient's immune system are unknown. We evaluated the interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels during <i>P. insidiosum</i> infection and after vaccination with PIA in vascular pythiosis cases. Furthermore, we studied the anti-<i>P. insidiosum</i> activity of neutrophils stimulated with various concentrations of PIA <i>ex vivo</i> in 3 strains of <i>P. insidiosum</i> isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. IL-8 serum levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique. We assessed the effect of PIA-stimulated neutrophils on the viability of zoospores using MTT assay, visualized neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation via microscopy, and measured the levels of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) using PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation assay in 3 strains of <i>P. insidiosum</i> isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. Serum levels of IL-8 gradually lowered from the early to the end phases of vaccination with PIA among the surviving group of vascular pythiosis cases. Neutrophils stimulated with 0.01 µg/ml PIA reduced zoospore viability significantly compared to PIA-unstimulated neutrophils for strain 1 and strain 3 (<i>p</i> < .05). Neutrophils stimulated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/ml PIA exhibited significantly lower zoospore viability than PIA-unstimulated neutrophils for strain 2 (<i>p</i> < .05). IL-8 can be used as a biomarker for monitoring vascular pythiosis cases treated with the PIA vaccine. Also, anti-<i>P. insidiosum</i> activity of PIA-stimulated neutrophils was probably due to the disruption of cellular activity in zoospores rather than the mechanisms based on the formation of NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2304372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10854268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation development of a stable influenza recombinant neuraminidase vaccine candidate.","authors":"Bing Li, Irina V Ustyugova, Lisa Szymkowicz, Shaolong Zhu, Marin Ming, Karen Y Y Fung, Guadalupe Cortés, D Andrew James, Michael Hrynyk, Nausheen Rahman, Roger H Brookes, Salvador F Ausar","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2304393","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2304393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current influenza vaccines could be augmented by including recombinant neuraminidase (rNA) protein antigen to broaden protective immunity and improve efficacy. Toward this goal, we investigated formulation conditions to optimize rNA physicochemical stability. When rNA in sodium phosphate saline buffer (NaPBS) was frozen and thawed (F/T), the tetrameric structure transitioned from a \"closed\" to an \"open\" conformation, negatively impacting functional activity. Hydrogen deuterium exchange experiments identified differences in anchorage binding sites at the base of the open tetramer, offering a structural mechanistic explanation for the change in conformation and decreased functional activity. Change to the open configuration was triggered by the combined stresses of acidic pH and F/T. The desired closed conformation was preserved in a potassium phosphate buffer (KP), minimizing pH drop upon freezing and including 10% sucrose to control F/T stress. Stability was further evaluated in thermal stress studies where changes in conformation were readily detected by ELISA and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both tests were suitable indicators of stability and antigenicity and considered potential critical quality attributes (pCQAs). To understand longer-term stability, the pCQA profiles from thermally stressed rNA at 6 months were modeled to predict stability of at least 24-months at 5°C storage. In summary, a desired rNA closed tetramer was maintained by formulation selection and monitoring of pCQAs to produce a stable rNA vaccine candidate. The study highlights the importance of understanding and controlling vaccine protein structural and functional integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2304393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the inclusion of Ladapo's work in the meta-analysis: Validity concerns and implications.","authors":"Borja Somovilla Del Saz","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2315711","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2315711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a response to Marchand & Masoud's response letter regarding my criticism \"Response to Dr. Somovilla del Saz's letter to the editor regarding \"Risk of all-cause and cardiac-related mortality after vaccination against COVID-19: A meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.\"\" The response is a defense of the initial criticism to the paper regarding the validity of the inclusion of Ladapo´s paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2315711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced passive safety surveillance of high-dose and standard-dose quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccines in Germany and Finland during the 2022/23 influenza season.","authors":"Marina Amaral de Avila Machado, Sonja Gandhi-Banga, Sophie Gallo, Tathyana Giannotti Cousseau, Reddappa Maniganahally Byrareddy, Markku Nissilä, Jörg Schelling, Celine Monfredo","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2322196","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2322196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhanced Passive Safety Surveillance (EPSS) was conducted for quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccines (IIV4) in Germany (high dose [HD]) and Finland (standard dose [SD]) for the northern hemisphere (NH) 2022/23 influenza season. The primary objective was to assess adverse events following immunization (AEFI) occurring ≤7 days post-vaccination. In each country, the EPSS was conducted at the beginning of the NH influenza season. Exposure information was documented using vaccination cards (VC), and AEFI were reported via an electronic data collection system or telephone. AEFI were assessed by seriousness and age group (Finland only). The vaccinee reporting rate (RR) was calculated as the number of vaccinees reporting ≥ 1 AEFI divided by the total vaccinees. In Germany, among 1041 vaccinees, there were 31 AEFI (ten vaccinees) during follow-up, including one serious AEFI. Of 16 AEFI (six vaccinees) with reported time of onset, 15 occurred ≤7 days post-vaccination (RR 0.58%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21, 1.25), which was lower than the 2021/22 season (RR 1.88%, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.00). In Finland, among 1001 vaccinees, there were 142 AEFI (51 vaccinees) during follow-up, none of which were serious. Of 133 AEFI (48 vaccinees) with time of onset reported, all occurred ≤7 days post-vaccination (RR 4.80%, 95% CI: 3.56, 6.31), which was similar to the 2021/22 season (RR 4.90%, 95% CI: 3.65, 6.43). The EPSS for HD-IIV4 and for SD-IIV4 in the 2022/23 influenza season did not suggest any clinically relevant changes in safety beyond what is known/expected for IIV4s.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2322196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10936612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase 3, single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V114, in a 3+1 regimen in healthy infants in South Korea (PNEU-PED-KOR).","authors":"Alvino Maestri, Su Eun Park, Fiona Fernandes, Zhongyi Lucy Li, Yae-Jean Kim, Yun-Kyung Kim, Jin Lee, Ji Young Park, Dong Hyun Kim, GyongSeon Yang, Hyunjung Lim, Jin Oh Kim, Robert Lupinacci, Tina M Sterling, Marissa Wilck, Alejandra Esteves-Jaramillo, Natalie Banniettis","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2321035","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2321035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an ongoing burden of pneumococcal disease in children despite the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). This phase 3, open-label, single-arm, multisite, descriptive study was designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 3 + 1 regimen of V114 (VAXNEUVANCE™), a 15-valent PCV, in South Korean infants and toddlers. Adverse events (AEs) were reported for 14 d following any vaccination, and throughout the study period for serious AEs. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response rates (proportion of participants meeting an IgG threshold value of ≥0.35 μg/mL) and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for the 15 serotypes at 30 d postdose 3 (PD3) and at 30 d postdose 4 (PD4) were evaluated as endpoints. Healthy infants enrolled at 42-90 d after birth were vaccinated with V114 (<i>N</i> = 57). The most commonly reported AEs were those solicited in the trial. The majority of reported AEs were transient and of mild or moderate intensity. Few serious AEs were reported; none were vaccine related. No participants died nor discontinued the study vaccine because of an AE. V114 was immunogenic for all 15 serotypes contained in the vaccine, as assessed by IgG response rates at 30 d PD3 and IgG GMCs at 30 d PD3 and at 30 d PD4. V114 was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered as a 3 + 1 regimen in healthy South Korean infants and toddlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2321035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2379689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2379689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2379689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141628134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of cell-based vaccines as cancer therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ankur Tiwari, Karl Alcover, Elizabeth Carpenter, Katryna Thomas, Julia Krum, Alexander Nissen, Spencer Van Decar, Todd Smolinsky, Franklin Valdera, Timothy Vreeland, Markus Lacher, Giuseppe Del Priore, William Williams, Alexander Stojadinovic, George Peoples, Guy Clifton","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2323256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2323256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines use autologous patient-derived tumor cells, allogeneic cancer cell lines or autologous antigen presenting cells to mimic the natural immune process and stimulate an adaptive immune response against tumor antigens. The primary objective of this study is to perform a systematic literature review with an embedded meta-analysis of all published Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of cell-based cancer vaccines in human subjects. The secondary objective of this study is to review trials demonstrating biological activity of cell-based cancer vaccines that could uncover additional hypotheses, which could be used in the design of future studies. We performed the systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The final review included 36 studies - 16 single-arm studies, and 20 controlled trials. Our systematic review of the existing literature revealed largely negative trials and our meta-analysis did not show evidence of clinical benefit from cell-based cancer-vaccines. However, as we looked beyond the stringent inclusion criteria of our systematic review, we identified significant examples of biological activity of cell-based cancer vaccines that are worth highlighting. In conclusion, the existing literature on cell-based cancer vaccines is highly variable in terms of cancer type, vaccine therapies and the clinical setting with no overall statistically significant clinical benefit, but there are individual successes that represent the promise of this approach. As cell-based vaccine technology continues to evolve, future studies can perhaps fulfill the potential that this exciting field of anti-cancer therapy holds.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2323256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10984131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalization burden associated with anus and penis neoplasm in Spain (2016-2020).","authors":"Victor Fernandez-Alonso, Ruth Gil-Prieto, Maria Amado-Anton-Pacheco, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Ángel Gil-De-Miguel","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2334001","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2334001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, there were approximately 50,865 anal cancer cases and 36,068 penile cancer cases worldwide. HPV is considered the main causal agent for the development of anal cancer and one of the causal agents responsible for the development of penile cancer. The aim of this epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective study was to describe the burden of hospitalization associated with anal neoplasms in men and women and with penis neoplasms in men in Spain from 2016 to 2020. The National Hospital Data Surveillance System of the Ministry of Health, Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, provided the discharge information used in this observational retrospective analysis. A total of 3,542 hospitalizations due to anal cancer and 4,270 hospitalizations due to penile cancer were found; For anal cancer, 57.4% of the hospitalizations occurred in men, and these hospitalizations were also associated with significantly younger mean age, longer hospital stays and greater costs than those in women. HIV was diagnosed in 11.19% of the patients with anal cancer and 1.74% of the patients with penile cancer. The hospitalization rate was 2.07 for men and 1.45 for women per 100,000 in anal cancer and of 4.38 per 100,000 men in penile cancer. The mortality rate was 0.21 for men and 0.12 for women per 100,000 in anal cancer and 0.31 per 100.000 men in penile cancer and the case-fatality rate was 10.07% in men and 8,26% in women for anal cancer and 7.04% in penile cancer. HIV diagnosis significantly increased the cost of hospitalization. For all the studied diagnoses, the median length of hospital stays and hospitalization cost increased with age. Our study offers relevant data on the burden of hospitalization for anal and penile cancer in Spain. This information can be useful for future assessment on the impact of preventive measures, such as screening or vaccination in Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2334001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}