Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

{"title":"The economic burden of seasonal influenza - China, 2010-2019.","authors":"Chen Chen, Jingqin He, Hong Chen, Jialong Tan, Xing Huang, Nan Peng, Xian Zhang, Yexiang Sun, Gordon Liu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2675005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2675005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal influenza remains a major global public health concern, causing substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden each year. China lacks age-stratified national estimates to inform vaccine policy and resource allocation, leaving an important evidence gap. Using a micro-costing approach, we calculated costs for each age group and then summed them from a societal perspective. The analysis was based on a real-world dataset of 12,784 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. We estimated direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and productivity losses for both patients and caregivers. Deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted to assess model uncertainty. The annual economic burden of seasonal influenza in China was estimated at 8.82 billion USD (95% CI: 7.24-10.80 billion USD). Direct medical costs accounted for 1.84 billion USD, direct non-medical costs for 0.43 billion USD, and indirect costs for 6.55 billion USD. Under the human capital approach, indirect mortality costs were estimated at 3.79 billion USD. Applying the friction cost method reduced this estimate to approximately 0.27 billion USD. Children younger than 5 y contributed the most to outpatient costs, whereas adults aged 60 y and older accounted for the largest share of inpatient costs. These findings provide robust economic evidence to support the expansion of publicly funded influenza vaccination programs. High-burden groups, particularly children younger than 5 y and adults aged 60 y and older, should be prioritized to reduce the health and socioeconomic impact of influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2675005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The syndemic nexus: How vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 interact to influence vaccine uptake among university students.","authors":"Bara' Abdallah AlShurman, Shannon E Majowicz, Kelly Grindrod, Joslin Goh, Zahid Ahmad Butt","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2621473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2621473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy (VH) and COVID-19-related factors interact to influence COVID-19 booster doses uptake among university students in Canada, from a syndemic perspective. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4453 students at the University of Waterloo in 2024. VH was measured toward both COVID-19 primary and booster doses. Change in VH scores were computed to capture shifts in hesitancy over time. Logistic regression models assessed the main effects of VH and COVID-19-related factors on booster uptake. Interactions were tested using additive and multiplicative scales. Increased VH was associated with a 23% decrease in booster uptake. Younger ages, not being hospitalized due to COVID-19, not receiving the influenza vaccine, noncompliance with COVID-19 guidelines, and belief in conspiracy theories predicted lower booster uptake. Significant interactions were found between change in VH scores and COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization history, guideline adherence, and conspiracy beliefs. For students who did not receive booster doses, the change in VH was greater among those who reported following public health guidance than those who did not. Similarly, for students who did not receive booster doses, the change in VH was greater among those who reported not believing in conspiracy theories compared to those who did. The findings support a syndemic model, indicating that VH and COVID-19-related experiences jointly influence booster uptake. Targeted interventions such as rebuilding trust, addressing misinformation, and reducing stigma may improve booster uptake even if not all barriers are addressed. Further research is needed to examine these interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2621473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of antibody waning after heterologous boosting with Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously.","authors":"Ruifan Shen, Lairun Jin, Xinglu Peng, Yuyuan Zhou, Pengfei Jin, Jingxin Li","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2614833","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2614833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterologous boosting with aerosolized or intramuscular Ad5-nCoV following a two-dose CoronaVac prime has been shown to induce higher antibody levels than a homologous CoronaVac booster. However, no specific modeling has been reported to characterize the kinetics of antibody waning for these heterologous regimens. By integrating longitudinal serological data from three randomized trials conducted in Jiangsu, China (NCT04892459, NCT04952727, NCT05043259), we applied linear mixed-effects models to establish both exponential and power-law decay models for neutralizing antibodies, including live-virus neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants, and pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.4/5 variant, respectively. The findings showed that the power-law model exhibited a superior fit over the exponential model across all antibody types (all ΔAICc < 0). According to the power-law model (at day 90), the half-lives of live-virus neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type SRAS-CoV-2 strain was 195 d (95% CI: 185-210) in the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV group, 226 d (220-252) in the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV group, versus 230 d (95% CI: 222-257) in the three-dose CoronaVac group. For the Omicron BA.1 variant, the half-life was 314 d (248-453) in the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV group, 168 d (159-180) in the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV group, compared to 196 d (174-230) in the three-dose CoronaVac group. Our model indicated that the heterologous booster with Ad5-nCoV after two-dose CoronaVac, particularly the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, induces longer-lasting neutralizing antibodies than three-dose CoronaVac, preferably characterized by power-law decay models.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2614833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12834138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution and determinants of immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: Using EDHS 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016.","authors":"Kasaneh Jigar Alem, Ashenafi Abate Woya, Demeke Lakew Workie, Shegaw Mamaru Awoke, Gezachew Gebeyehu Arega","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2613578","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2613578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, childhood immunization remains a major public health concern, with 19.4 million children not fully vaccinated in 2018, the majority from low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia, in particular, reports alarmingly low immunization coverage, with nearly one million children unvaccinated and vaccine-preventable diseases accounting for approximately 16% of childhood mortality. This study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal distribution and associated factors of immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from four rounds of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) conducted between 2000 and 2016, comprising a sample of 6767 children. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS, and statistical analysis was carried out using SAS software. The spatial partial proportional odds model was used due to the violation of the proportional odds assumption. Full immunization coverage showed a gradual increase from 14.6% in 2000 to 39.4% in 2016. Spatial clustering of immunization coverage was observed in all survey years, indicating nonrandom distribution across regions. Children born to mothers with primary education were significantly more likely to be fully vaccinated than those whose mothers had no education. The model identified several significant predictors of immunization status, including region, residence, maternal education, religion, household wealth, maternal employment, place of delivery, antenatal care, and health worker visits. A significant negative spatial auto-covariance suggested that areas with low coverage were often surrounded by higher-coverage zones. Targeted interventions, particularly in identified hotspot areas, and increased public health education are recommended, along with further research using recent data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2613578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12851395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the infectious titer of bOPV and the vaccine vial monitor stage at different storage temperature ranges.","authors":"Mercy Doose Yough, Amina Yusuf Ali, Adamu Umar Murba, Musa Sundu Melton, Khalid Abdelrahim, Marycelin Mandu Baba","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2662762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2662762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor storage of the polio vaccine in areas of inadequate or absent power to sustain the cold chain can compromise its potency. This study assessed the sustainability of bivalent Oral Polio vaccine (bOPV) potency using total viral titer and the color of the vaccine vial monitor (VVM) at different storage temperatures over time. Weekly vaccine titers were obtained until the VVM degraded to 100%. Fifty vials of bOPV tested before exposure had titers above 10^7.0 CCID₅₀/mL (≥10^6.0 CCID₅₀/0.1 mL), and VVM was rated at 0% degradation. At 2-4°C, 100% of the vaccine samples sustained potency for 6 months, and the color of VVM remained at 0% degradation after 3 months, but 10%, 20%, 20% after 4, 5, and 6 months, respectively. At 27-29°C, all the vaccine samples sustained potency at 1 week, 50% after 2 weeks, and their VVM were rated 10%, 20%, 40% and 100% after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively. The potency of the 50% of vaccine samples stored at 35-36°C remained stable for a week, with their VVM rated 10%, 50%, and 100% after storage for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, respectively. At atmospheric temperatures (22-44°C), the titers of all the vaccine samples dropped significantly, and VVM attained 100% degradation within a week. The potency of the bOPV was preserved under refrigeration for 6 months, at room temperature for 2 weeks, and at an incubator for a week and severely degraded at atmospheric temperatures within a week.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2662762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13166211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy insights from France, Italy and Hungary: A mixed-methods study.","authors":"Yongjin Choi, Emilie Karafillakis, Anna Perris, Leesa Lin, Alexandre de Figueiredo, Pauline Paterson","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2638034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2638034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the Covid-19 pandemic entered its endemic phase, France, Italy, and Hungary, as well as many other European countries, have observed a rise in vaccine hesitancy. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to understand the reasons behind this trend by linking statistical observations with in-depth view of vaccine hesitancy. A total of 3,021 adults were surveyed from France, Italy, and Hungary via nationally representative surveys, examining views toward these vaccines. We employed both pooled and un-pooled linear regression analyses. In each country, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Our pooled survey analysis reveals that hesitancy toward Covid-19 and influenza vaccines was higher among respondents reporting mistrust in healthcare providers [95% CI = -0.26,-0.17; <i>P</i> < .001] and lower among those with underlying health conditions. Additionally, older adults were less likely to receive Covid-19 vaccines but more likely to receive an influenza vaccine. Those without a Covid-19 vaccination were 18% points more likely to be unvaccinated against influenza [95% CI = 0.11,0.24; <i>P</i> < .001]. The interviews highlight that these broader patterns reflect a post-pandemic landscape characterised by heightened ambivalence and complexity in vaccine decisions, in which people find it difficult to decide independently and rely more on experts. The interviews also revealed various influences on vaccine hesitancy, including safety concerns, diminished fear of disease, and online misinformation. These indicate that post-pandemic vaccine hesitancy reflects shifting attitudes shaped by shared pandemic experiences across countries, underscoring the need for continued research and monitoring in light of how post-pandemic vaccine hesitancy differs from pre-pandemic forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2638034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13023001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus awareness and vaccination willingness among male community residents in Beijing based on the Health Belief Model.","authors":"Yan Xing, Rujing Shi, Yulian Li, Run Cai, Tianwei Ma, Xinhai Yuan, Liu Li, Ziyun Jiang, Wenjing Gao","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2641328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2641328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the January 2025 approval of the first male HPV vaccine in the Chinese mainland, we investigated vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among community-dwelling men. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Beijing, recruiting 480 community-based male residents and 399 men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing HPV knowledge and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of willingness. We found a high level of vaccination willingness, which was notably higher among MSM (90.73%) than the community-recruited male population (87.29%). Critically, willingness surpassed awareness, indicating significant latent demand despite low overall HPV knowledge. HBM analysis showed that perceived benefits promoted willingness in both groups, while self-efficacy of prevention paradoxically acted as an inhibitor. MSM reported higher perceived susceptibility and benefits, but lower severity, compared to community-recruited men. Determinants diverged significantly: income and sexual behavior were unique drivers for community-recruited men, whereas HPV knowledge and STI self-testing drove willingness in MSM. This study confirms high post-approval vaccination willingness but highlights distinct influencing factors. Findings suggest the need for differentiated strategies: universal approaches should highlight vaccine benefits to convert latent demand, while targeted education for MSM must focus on improving knowledge accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2641328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic inequality in second-dose measles vaccination dropout among children aged 15-35 months in East Africa: A decomposition analysis of a recent Demographic Health Survey.","authors":"Ayenew Molla Lakew, Miteku Andualem Limenih, Aysheshim Kassahun Belew, Esmael Ali Muhammad, Mulat Addis Beshaw, Dessie Abebaw Angaw","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2650041","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2650041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the availability of effective vaccines, measles is still a serious public health issue globally, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where outbreaks persist. The second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2), which is essential for building herd immunity and preventing outbreaks, is not being administered to millions of children. Little is known about disparities in MCV2 dropout related to socioeconomic. This study assessed these disparities and identified factors contributing to MCV2 dropout. We used the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys data (2015-2023) from eight East African countries using a cross-sectional design. A weighted sample of 23,085 children aged 15-35 months was included. Erreygers' concentration index (ECI) and Fairlie decomposition technique were used to examine wealth-based inequalities and urban-rural disparities in MCV2 dropout. Analyses were performed using STATA 17. The pooled MCV2 dropout proportion was 48.13% (95% CI: 47.48, 48.77), ranging from 7.72% in Rwanda to 82% in Ethiopia. The proportion was higher in rural (49.61%) than urban areas (43.82%) and among the poorest households (54.1%) compared with the richest (42.6%), indicating a significant pro-poor inequality (ECI = -0.0930, bootstrap SE = 0.0074). Primary and above maternal education explained the largest portion of disparities (57.71%) followed by having postnatal care visits (15.37%). MCV2 dropout remains high in East Africa, with significant wealth and urban-rural disparities mainly difference in maternal education and access to health care. Prioritizing maternal education, particularly in rural areas, and improvement to ANC, PNC, and institutional delivery services can reduce dropout through targeted caregiver education and remainder-based intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2650041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination coverage and influencing factors of four non‑National Immunization Program vaccines: A cross‑sectional survey among children aged 1‒6 years in Beijing, China.","authors":"Qianli Yuan, Wei Zhang, Huai Wang, Pei Gao, Zhiqiang Cao, Luodan Suo","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2664995","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2664995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b (Hib) vaccine, rotavirus vaccine (RV), and varicella vaccine (VarV) have been recommended by WHO for inclusion in National Immunization Program (NIP). However, their vaccination rate is low in China as self-funded vaccines. This study aimed to investigate the coverage of these four vaccines and to identify their influencing factors. Selected via multi-stage stratified sampling, 4,182 guardians participated in a February-March 2025 study. Guardians completed an online questionnaire capturing sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward vaccination, and indicators of immunization service accessibility. Individual-level vaccination histories for children were extracted from the Beijing Immunization Information System and linked to survey responses. The vaccination coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, RV and VarV were 48.5%, 47.4%, 43.5% and 89.3%, respectively. Older age, residence outside urban areas (suburban, outer suburban), and greater number of children in the household were associated with lower coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV, with adjusted ORs ranging from 0.160 to 0.929 (all <i>p</i> values < .05). Conversely, higher household income (200,000-499,999 CNY and ≥500,000 CNY), guardians' perceived vaccination necessity, and receipt of vaccination notifications were associated with higher coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV, with adjusted ORs ranging from 1.018 to 6.521 (all <i>p</i> values < .05). The results indicated the vaccination coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV remains suboptimal in Beijing, with evident regional disparities. Free vaccination policies for PCV, Hib vaccine, RV, and VarV, together with strengthened reminder systems and targeted health education interventions, may help improve vaccine coverage among children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2664995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of parental hesitancy toward influenza vaccination for children versus themselves in post-pandemic China: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Feng Luo, Yingping Chen, Li Li, Shuhan Zheng, Hanqing He, Ying Wang, Xiaoping Xu, Shenyu Wang, Xuan Deng","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2622826","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2622826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify factors influencing parental willingness for influenza vaccination and compare differences between their choices for themselves versus their children, in order to provide evidence-based strategies to promote influenza vaccine uptake. With an anonymous online questionnaire, this cross-sectional study investigated parents of children (aged 6 months-17 y) in Zhejiang, China (May - September 2024). A McNemar test, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess paired differences and identify factors associated with parental influenza vaccination willingness for children versus themselves. Among 2492 parents, 84.2% were willing to vaccinate their children and 72.7% themselves, with significantly higher willingness for children (McNemar test, <i>P</i> < .001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated similar influencing patterns on vaccine willingness for both groups. However, perceived vaccine effectiveness (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.42-7.98) was associated with willingness to vaccinate children, while perceived influenza susceptibility (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.05-2.06) was associated with willingness for themselves. Lack of vaccine confidence was a key contributor to vaccine hesitancy for both children and parents themselves, whereas complacency was more prominent in hesitancy toward self-vaccination. Additionally, government or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention online platforms (28.5%) and healthcare workers (20.3%) were parents' most preferred sources of vaccine information. Parental influenza vaccination willingness was generally high, with greater willingness for children than for themselves. Official platforms or healthcare professionals have the responsibility to proactively disseminate correct information to the public on vaccine importance and disease awareness, so as to promote actual vaccination behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2622826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}