Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Post-vaccination HPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated factors among vaccinated women in China: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuwei Shao, Chonggao Hu, Yulong Liang, Yue Yang, Shangyan Han, Huakun Lv, Yu Hu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2696623","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2696623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution among vaccinated women and to identify the factors associated with post-vaccination HPV infection. Women who received HPV vaccine and had the thin-layer liquid-based cytology test (TCT) and HPV genotype testing before HPV vaccination were recruited. Each participant was required to complete an online questionnaire, and cervical specimen was collected for TCT and HPV genotype testing. The epidemiology of HPV infection and genotype was described. The factors associated with HPV infection post-vaccination were identified through multivariate analysis, presenting the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A total of 893 eligible women participated. The prevalence of HPV post-vaccination was 8.51%. The common high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) were HPV52, HPV59, HPV58 and the common low-risk HPV (lr-HPV) was HPV53. Factors associated with HPV infection post-vaccination included aged ≥40y (AOR = 2.92), married status (AOR = 1.56), receiving the first dose of HPV vaccine after sexual debut (OR = 2.57), lr-HPV positive pre-vaccination (AOR = 2.35) and hr-HPV positive pre-vaccination (AOR = 5.72). The prevalence of HPV post-vaccination was lower than that of pre-vaccination and the common genotypes changed to those not covered by HPV vaccine administrated. Age, marital status, timing of HPV vaccination and prior HPV infection before HPV vaccination were identified as the factors associated with HPV infection post-vaccination. Receiving HPV vaccination before sexual debut and ongoing HPV screening after vaccination were recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2696623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome - From childhood to adulthood.","authors":"Lobke C M Hensen, Bianca M M Streng, Femke van Wijk, Stefan Nierkens, Joanne G Wildenbeest, Louis J Bont, Eveline M Delemarre","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2670839","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2670839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder worldwide and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. For safety reasons, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine schedules and dosages were age-dependent, with children <12 years (y) receiving a lower dose than adolescents and adults. While we previously reported age-dependent antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children with DS, cellular vaccine responses in this population remain insufficiently characterized. We evaluated vaccine-induced T-cell responses in children with DS following primary mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We measured SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell abundance (N = 40) and their interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production (N = 55) after spike antigen re-stimulation in participants aged 3-74 y. We found no significant difference in the re-activation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ T cells between adolescents (12-17 y) and adults. Children aged 5-11 y exhibited significantly lower re-activation of CD4⁺ T cells compared with adolescents. IFNγ production was similar across all age groups. Besides previously reported age-dependent antibody responses, these findings suggest that reduced dosing may also be associated with diminished T-cell re-activation in children with DS. Therefore, these children aged 5-11 y may benefit from receiving a booster or vaccine doses similar to those of older age groups to ensure optimal immunity and protection.<b>Clinical trial registration</b>: NCT05145348.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2670839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13228946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of finotonlimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib as first-line therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in China.","authors":"Huihui Xu, Shengjian Yu, Yan Yang, Haoze Bian, Zimiao Wu, Feng Xuan","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2707849","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2707849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a substantial health burden in China. Finotonlimab plus bevacizumab recently prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) vs. sorafenib, but its economic value remains unknown. Here we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of finotonlimab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib from the Chinese healthcare system perspective. Parametric survival models were fitted to extrapolate PFS and OS. Total costs, life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), incremental net monetary benefit (INMB), and incremental net health benefit (INHB) were estimated at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $27,906 per QALY. Uncertainty was evaluated by one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses, probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), subgroup analyses, scenario analyses, and price simulations. In the base-case analysis, sorafenib yielded 1.74 LYs and 1.25 QALYs at a total cost of $10,303.10, whereas finotonlimab plus bevacizumab yielded 3.01 LYs and 2.18 QALYs at a total cost of $58,595.49. Compared with sorafenib, the combination increased costs by $48,292.39 and generated gains of 1.27 LYs and 0.93 QALYs, resulting in ICERs of $38,203.46 per LY and $51,899.31 per QALY. INMB (-$22,325.82) and INHB (-0.80 QALYs) were negative. Sensitivity analyses identified PFS utility and bevacizumab cost as key drivers, but all ICERs remained above the WTP threshold. In PSA, the mean ICER was $50561.81 per QALY, and the probability of cost-effectiveness was 0% at the prespecified threshold. Based on the assumptions and inputs used in the present model, finotonlimab plus bevacizumab was unlikely to be cost-effective compared with sorafenib at the prespecified WTP in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2707849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5C psychological antecedents of vaccine hesitancy toward maternal RSV vaccines and infant monoclonal antibodies among pregnant and postpartum women and their partners in China: A multicenter, dyadic survey design, cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yixiao Zhu, Jing Wu, Leying Hou, Xinyu Liu, Xuan Zhu, Wei Xia, Na Wang, Yang Zhao, Guanlan Zhao, Peige Song","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2716519","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2716519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed vaccine hesitancy toward two novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunization strategies, maternal vaccines and infant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), among 4422 couples across eight Chinese provinces, via a multicenter cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling from medical institutions. Vaccine hesitancy was measured using the 5C scale (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, collective responsibility), with total scores (higher indicating lower hesitancy) as the primary outcome. Linear mixed-effects models analyzed sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors. Women had marginally lower total 5C scores than partners for maternal vaccines (45.88 [SD 5.90] vs. 46.25 [5.74]; Cohen's <i>d</i> = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.03; <i>p</i> < .001), with no significant difference for mAbs. For both strategies, calculation scored highest in both sexes. Within-couple correlations across domains for the same strategy were low (r ranged from 0.31 to 0.48). In multivariable models, older age, rural residence and lower income were associated with greater hesitancy for both strategies (e.g. age: maternal vaccines, <i>β</i> = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.05; mAbs, <i>β</i> = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06). Among women, third-trimester status and prior children were each independently associated with higher hesitancy. Prior influenza vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower hesitancy toward maternal vaccines (<i>β</i> = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.13) but not mAbs. Ultimately, Chinese expectant and new parents show a hesitancy profile toward RSV immunization strategies dominated by active information-seeking. Prenatal counseling and broader communication efforts should include both parents. Efforts should prioritize older, rural, and lower-income couples.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2716519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13568569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of immunization strategies, public health and social measures on the incidence of varicella among children aged 0-14 years in Quzhou City.","authors":"Quanjun Fang, Hui Yang, Shuangqing Wang, Xiaoying Gong, Canjie Zheng, Zhiying Yin","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2639804","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2639804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the impact of different immunization strategies and public health and social measures (PHSMs) on varicella incidence among children in Quzhou. Data on varicella cases among children aged 0-14 y in Quzhou from 2006 to 2022 were collected. An interrupted time-series (ITS) model was used to analyze trends in monthly varicella incidence during the implementation of the single-dose and two-dose vaccination strategies and the PHSMs. ITS analysis indicated that, following the introduction of the two-dose strategy, the varicella monthly incidence rate decreased immediately by 8.193 per 100,000 (<i>p</i> = .029). After the implementation of PHSMs, it also decreased immediately, with a reduction of 13.518 per 100,000 (<i>p</i> = .006). In terms of long-term effectiveness, neither the two-dose immunization strategy nor the implementation of PHSMs produced a sustained and significant reduction in varicella incidence. The effectiveness of the two-dose strategy may have been constrained by the low second-dose VarV coverage in Quzhou, which ranged from 46.35% to 60.65%, well below the 80% threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. Although the implementation of PHSM can serve as a useful supplementary approach to preventing childhood varicella, their influence on transmission dynamics appears relatively limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2639804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission patterns of pertussis in school-based clustered outbreaks: A retrospective analysis in Zhejiang Province, China, 2024.","authors":"Shuhan Zheng, Feng Luo, Hangjie Zhang, Yang Zhou, Ying Su, Hanqing He, Yao Zhu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2654305","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2654305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a retrospective study using data from Zhejiang Province's pertussis surveillance system between February 1 and May 1, 2024, defining school-based clusters as ≥5 cases occurring within 21 d in the same class. We identified 124 outbreaks involving 825 confirmed cases, with cluster sizes ranging from 5 to 16 cases (median: 7). Most outbreaks occurred in primary schools (79.03%, 98/124), followed by kindergartens (19.35%, 24/124) and middle schools (1.61%, 2/124). Among cases, 19.3% (159/825) were index cases (predominantly aged 7-8 y) and 80.7% (666/825) were secondary infections. The median serial interval was 9.0 d (IQR: 5.0-13.0); it was significantly longer in kindergarten than in primary school cases (10.0 vs. 9.0 d, <i>P</i> = .007) and shorter with earlier diagnosis (7-14 d post-onset) (7.0 vs 10.0 d, <i>P</i> = .007). Our findings emphasize the importance of protecting high-risk school populations, implementing prompt outbreak control measures, and conducting timely health education to prevent pertussis transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2654305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between vaccination prescription program and herpes zoster vaccine knowledge, intention, and coverage among residents aged ≥50 in Zhejiang Province: Repeated cross-sectional surveys.","authors":"Xiaotong Yan, Xuehai Zhang, Yue Xu, Jinhang Xu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2633884","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2633884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine has been available in China for a relatively short period, and vaccination coverage remains low. Zhejiang Province began to implement the vaccination prescription program in 35 counties from May 2024 under the background of integrated medical and preventive healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the association between this program and changes in HZ vaccine knowledge, intention, and coverage among residents aged ≥50 y through repeated cross-sectional surveys. A multi-stage convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants before and after the intervention. Changes in all variables were assessed using chi-squared exact tests, while a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model with binary logistic link and clustering by community health center was used to identify factors associated with vaccination. Following the program, significant improvements were observed across all HZ knowledge items, and vaccination coverage was 1.93% in the pre-implementation survey and 5.74% in the post-implementation survey. Notably, vaccination intention shifted toward hesitancy, with a decline in both positive and negative intent. In the adjusted GEE model, the survey period after program implementation was associated with higher odds of vaccination (AOR = 2.611, 95% CI: 1.895-3.597), and receiving a doctor's recommendation was associated with vaccination (AOR = 7.750, 95% CI: 5.747-10.451). The vaccination prescription program was associated with improved HZ vaccine knowledge, higher vaccination coverage, and increased rates of doctor's recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2633884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12977251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Route of BCG administration determines success.","authors":"Henok Andualem, Kayle B Dickson, Rabab Batool, Nelly Amenyogbe, Tobias R Kollmann","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2702676","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2702676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is the single most deadly human pathogen and has been for centuries. BCG, a vaccine designed to protect from TB, is the most frequently administered vaccine in human history. Despite BCG's many shortcomings, which include suboptimal protection from TB, BCG has for over 100 y remained the only available vaccine in the fight against TB. Recent evidence from animal models indicates that BCG administered intravenously provides superior protection compared to cutaneous routes, such as intradermal or subcutaneous. Therefore, the route to improve success for BCG in the fight against TB and other illnesses, such as bladder cancer and neonatal sepsis, may simply relate to changing the route of its administration. We here trace the trajectory regarding the centrality of route of administration for BCG from its roots all the way to the most recent scientific breakthroughs, and with that illuminate a potential path ahead toward deploying BCG most optimally.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2702676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake and intention among public transportation drivers: A cross-sectional study from Lebanon.","authors":"Mahmoud Salam, Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Nada M Melhem, Nancy R Reynolds, Ramzi G Salloum, Sawsan Abdulrahim, Souha Fares, Samar Noureddine","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2712139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2712139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public transportation drivers (PTDs) are vulnerable to influenza and could potentially act as super-spreaders. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake is crucial for public health. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of and factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake and intention among PTDs in Lebanon. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 509 PTDs in 2023. Socio-demographics, health-related variables, environmental factors, social norms, and knowledge were collected. Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccination Attitudes Examination scales were used. Chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed. Influenza vaccine uptake rate was 28.9%, with 56.2% expressing an intention to receive the vaccine if it was affordable or available through a mobile clinic. Factors that were positively associated with vaccine uptake included: knowing someone who took the vaccine aOR = 3.6[2.2-6.1]; being advised to take the vaccine aOR = 2.1[1.2-3.8]; and previous influenza infection aOR = 1.9[1.4-2.7]. Factors negatively associated with vaccine uptake included: lack of confidence in vaccines aOR = 0.7[0.6-0.9] and risk calculation aOR = 0.8[0.6-0.9]. Factors positively associated with influenza vaccine intention were knowing someone who took the vaccine aOR = 2.2[1.4-3.4] and previously taking the influenza vaccine aOR = 1.8[1.1-3.0]. Factors negatively associated with vaccine intention were having an average socioeconomic status aOR = 0.6[0.4-0.9], lack of confidence aOR = 0.7[0.6-0.8], concerns about commercial profiteering aOR = 0.7[0.6-0.9], and a preference for natural immunity 0.8[0.6-0.9]. Enhancing vaccine accessibility and affordability along with targeted educational campaigns that address specific concerns and misinformation, could increase uptake rates among PTDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2712139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive surveillance of adverse events following immunization for National Immunization Program vaccines in Shenyang, China, 2009-2024.","authors":"Nina Jia, Wei Zhong, Dongmei Gao, Lijun Zhu, Xuanyi Li","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2707019","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2026.2707019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the Chinese National Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance Information System (CNAEFIS), a descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) of National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines in Shenyang from 2009 to 2024, to understand the distribution characteristics and reporting status of AEFI using passive surveillance data in the region. Reaction types were classified according to national unified surveillance standards. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was carried out from temporal, regional, demographic and vaccine-specific distributions, and AEFI reporting rate was calculated. From 2009 to 2024, a total of 3,420 cases of AEFI associated with NIP vaccines were reported, with an annual average reporting rate of 15.8 per 100,000 doses. Among these, the reporting rate of common vaccine reactions was 14.87 per 100,000, and that of rare vaccine reactions was 0.54 per 100,000. Differences in reporting rates between districts were statistically significant (χ² = 618.9, <i>p</i> < .05). Most reported events were common reactions, and rare reactions were infrequently reported. There were obvious regional disparities in AEFI surveillance performance. Surveillance training and management should be further strengthened in low-reporting districts to reduce regional gaps and improve overall reporting performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":"2707019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}