PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Mortality risk score for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and pacemaker.","authors":"Giselle de Lima Peixoto, Sérgio Freitas de Siqueira, Silvana Angelina D'Orio Nishioka, Anísio Alexandre Andrade Pedrosa, Ricardo Alkmim Teixeira, Roberto Costa, Martino Martinelli Filho","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012928","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012114.].</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the global dengue burden: Incidence, mortality, and disability trends over three decades.","authors":"Wei-Xian Zhang, Tian-Yu Zhao, Cun-Chen Wang, Yong He, Hong-Zheng Lu, Hai-Ting Zhang, Lin-Min Wang, Mao Zhang, Chun-Xiao Li, Sheng-Qun Deng","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012932","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue, the fastest-spreading vector-borne disease (VBD), significantly burdens global health systems. This study analyzed the trends in the global burden of dengue from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021).</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>We retrieved data from GBD 2021 regarding dengue, including the number of incidences and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the number of deaths and age-standardized death rate (ASDR), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized DALYs. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of ASIR, ASDR, and standardized DALYs rate was calculated to quantify trends over time. In addition, the correlations between dengue burden and sea level rise, as well as the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), were evaluated. In this study, it was observed that from 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of dengue escalated from 26.45 million to 58.96 million cases, accompanied by an increase in related deaths from 14,315 to 29,075, and DALYs rising from 1.25 million to 2.08 million years. These data collectively indicate that the disease burden approximately doubled, with South Asia, Southeast Asia, and tropical Latin America being the most severely affected regions. The disease burden remained substantial in middle and low-middle-SDI regions, whereas high-middle and high SDI regions experienced pronounced growth rates in ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rate. Adolescents and the elderly showed higher incidence, yet children under 5 had the highest DALYs. Correlation analyses revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between the SDI and both the ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, and changes in sea level height strongly correlated with the overall dengue burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>The global dengue burden has surged due to climate change, vector transmission, and population mobility. Increased focus and tailored control strategies are essential, particularly in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable colonization of the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus by Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain.","authors":"Ruby E Harrison, Kevin J Vogel, Ronald Drew Etheridge","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012906","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trypanosoma cruzi is a single-celled eukaryotic parasite responsible for Chagas disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Central and South America. While the host-pathogen interactions of T. cruzi have been extensively studied in vertebrate models, investigations into its interactions within its insect host remain limited. To address this gap and establish a genetically tractable system for studying parasite-vector dynamics, we conducted quantitative kinetic infection studies using the Y strain of T. cruzi and the model vector Rhodnius prolixus. We began by comparing parasite infection kinetics from two genetically diverse strains of T. cruzi, Brazil and Y, and demonstrated that ingested parasites from both strains transiently expand in the anterior regions of the insect digestive tract with stable colonization occurring in the hindgut over the long term. Notably, we demonstrated that the clonal Y strain, contrary to previous reports, can effectively infect and persist across multiple developmental stages of R. prolixus. Additionally, comparison of movement of parasites versus inert fluorescent microspheres introduced into artificial blood meals suggests that T. cruzi colonization of the R. prolixus gut occurs passively through peristaltic movement during digestion, rather than through active parasite-mediated chemotaxis. These findings highlight the T. cruzi Y strain - R. prolixus model system as a promising tool for the in-depth molecular characterization of parasite-vector interactions, potentially offering new insights into the biology of this neglected and deadly human pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient-deficient diets and possible environmental enteric dysfunction in Buruli ulcer endemic communities in Ghana: Lower dietary diversity and reduced serum zinc and vitamin C implicate micronutrient status a possible susceptibility factor.","authors":"Aloysius Dzigbordi Loglo, Philemon Boasiako Antwi, Kabiru Mohammed Abass, Samuel Osei-Mireku, George Amofa, Elizabeth Ofori, Jonathan Kofi Adjei, Michael Ntiamoah Oppong, Richard Odame Phillips, Reginald Annan, Barbara Engel, Rachel E Simmonds","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012871","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nutritional status of communities susceptible to Buruli ulcer (BU, a skin NTD caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans) remains almost completely obscure. We have assessed the diets of BU patients vs. controls from the same BU-endemic communities, and compared their circulating biomarkers of nutrients and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods/principal findings: </strong>We investigated two cohorts of BU patients and controls. The first were administered food frequency and multi-pass 24-hour recall questionnaires to determine patterns of foods consumed, nutrient intake and nutrient adequacy. The second used archived serum samples collected as baseline to measure the circulating concentration of zinc, vitamin C, CRP, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6. Stunted growth was more prevalent than expected (31%), while 18% of participants were underweight and most had inadequate intake of all micronutrients except for carbohydrate. BU patients had a lower intake of, selenium, vitamin B12 and zinc, and for selenium and vitamin B12 a higher proportion had dietary insufficiency (40% vs. 15% and 80% vs. 55%, respectively). In line with this, BU patients had significantly lower levels of zinc in their serum, and more had levels below the normal range (72% vs. 43%). Despite many participants having a good intake of vitamin C, serum levels were low, and lower amongst the BU patients. As expected, there was little evidence of systemic inflammation (CRP <0.6 mg/L). Elevated IL-6 levels were present in several participants suggesting that environmental enteric dysfunction may be prevalent in these communities, however this was similar in cases vs. controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>Diet and nutritional status may be a contributing factor to BU pathogenesis. Protein and the micronutrients zinc, selenium, vitamin B12 and vitamin C may be of particular importance. Nutritional interventions may have potential for both prophylaxis and treatment of BU, which may be a cost-effective approach to achieving the NTD Roadmap goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised machine learning identifies biomarkers of disease progression in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan.","authors":"Ana Torres, Brima Musa Younis, Samuel Tesema, Jose Carlos Solana, Javier Moreno, Antonio J Martín-Galiano, Ahmed Mudawi Musa, Fabiana Alves, Eugenia Carrillo","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012924","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) appears as a rash in some individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. Today, basic knowledge of this neglected disease and how to predict its progression remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods and findings: </strong>This study addresses the use of several biochemical, haematological and immunological variables, independently or through unsupervised machine learning (ML), to predict PKDL progression risk. In 110 patients from Sudan, 31 such factors were assessed in relation to PKDL disease state at the time of diagnosis: progressive (worsening) versus stable. To identify key factors associated with PKDL worsening, we used both a conventional statistical approach and multivariate analysis through unsupervised ML. The independent use of these variables had limited power to predict skin lesion severity in a baseline examination. In contrast, the unsupervised ML approach identified a set of 10 non-redundant variables that was linked to a 3.1 times higher risk of developing progressive PKDL. Three of these clustering factors (low albumin level, low haematocrit and low IFN-γ production in PBMCs after Leishmania antigen stimulation) were remarkable in patients with progressive disease. Dimensionality re-establishment identified 11 further significantly modified factors that are also important to understand the worsening phenotype. Our results indicate that the combination of anaemia and a weak Th1 immunological response is likely the main physiological mechanism that leads to progressive PKDL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combination of 14 biochemical variables identified by unsupervised ML was able to detect a worsening PKDL state in Sudanese patients. This approach could prove instrumental to train future supervised algorithms based on larger patient cohorts both for a more precise diagnosis and to gain insight into fundamental aspects of this complication of visceral leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Large-scale releases and establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes throughout the Cities of Bello, Medellín and Itagüí, Colombia.","authors":"Iván Darío Velez, Alexander Uribe, Jovany Barajas, Sandra Uribe, Sandra Ángel, Juan David Suaza-Vasco, Juan Sebastian Duran Ahumada, Maria Camila Mejia Torres, María Patricia Arbeláez, Eduardo Santacruz-Sanmartin, Lorena Duque, Luis Martínez, Tania Posada, Ana Cristina Patiño, Sandra Milena Gonzalez, Ana Lucía Velez, Jennifer Ramírez, Marlene Salazar, Sandra Gómez, Jorge E Osorio, Inaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Yi Dong, Frederico C Muzzi, Edwige Rances, Petrina H Johnson, Ruth Smithyman, Bruno Col, Benjamin R Green, Tibor Frossard, Jack Brown-Kenyon, D Albert Joubert, Nelson Grisales, Scott A Ritchie, Jai A Denton, Jeremie R L Gilles, Katherine L Anders, Simon C Kutcher, Peter A Ryan, Scott L O'Neill","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012936","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011642.].</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies within districts persistently endemic for trachoma, Amhara, Ethiopia.","authors":"Mary K Lynn, Zebene Ayele, Ambahun Chernet, E Brook Goodhew, Karana Wickens, Eshetu Sata, Andrew W Nute, Sarah Gwyn, Nishanth Parameswaran, Demelash Gessese, Mulat Zerihun, Kimberly A Jensen, Gizachew Yismaw, Taye Zeru, Adisu Abebe Dawed, Fikre Seife, Zerihun Tadesse, E Kelly Callahan, Diana L Martin, Scott D Nash","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012900","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent trachoma is increasingly recognized as a serious concern for the global trachoma program. Persistent trachoma is defined as those districts that have had two or more trachoma impact surveys in which the trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence has never been <5%, the elimination threshold for TF. Enhanced tools such as infection and serological monitoring elucidate long-term transmission patterns within persistent districts. This study aimed to clarify trachoma intensity via both traditional indicators and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and serologic markers in four districts experiencing persistent trachoma with >10 years of interventions.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Population-based surveys were conducted in 2019 in four trachoma persistent districts. Children ages 1-9 years were examined for trachoma clinical signs and children 1-5 years were swabbed for Ct infection. Antibodies to the trachoma antigens Pgp3 and CT694 were measured for all individuals ≥1 year, assessed by multiplex bead assay. Seroconversion rates (SCRs) to both antigens were estimated for children and for individuals of all ages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One district, Ebinat, remained highly endemic, with a TF prevalence and infection prevalence (ages 1-5 years) of 42.5% and 7.1% respectively. Indicators were lower in the other three districts ranging from 10.7%-17.9% TF and 0%-1.7% infection. The Pgp3 SCR among children ages 1-9 years was considerably higher in Ebinat with 10.8 seroconversions per 100 child-years, (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 8.2, 14.4) compared to the other three districts (SCR range: 0.9-3.9). All-age Pgp3 SCR estimates detected a significant decline in seroprevalence in Machakel district at approximately 12 years prior to 2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infection and serology may be useful tools for clarifying transmission, particularly among persistent districts, and ongoing interventions likely helped push these hyperendemic districts towards the elimination threshold. However, districts such as Ebinat may require more intense interventions to reach elimination within acceptable timelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential restriction of chikungunya virus in primary human cardiac endothelial cells occurs at multiple steps in the viral life cycle.","authors":"Sophie N Spector, Maria G Noval, Kenneth A Stapleford","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012534","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) constitute a significant ongoing public health threat, as the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Cardiovascular symptomatology is emerging as an important manifestation of arboviral infection. We have recently studied the cardiac tropism implicated in cardiac infection in mice for the alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and we therefore sought to evaluate the cardiac tropism of other emerging alphaviruses and arboviruses. Using human primary cardiac cells, we found that arboviruses from diverse viral families were able to replicate within these cells. Interestingly, we noted that while the closely related alphavirus Mayaro virus (MAYV) could replicate to high titers in primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, pulmonary, and brain endothelial cells, the Indian Ocean Lineage of CHIKV (CHIKV-IOL) was restricted in all endothelial cells tested. Upon further investigation, we discovered that this restriction occurs at both entry and egress stages. Additionally, we observed that compared to CHIKV, MAYV may antagonize or evade the innate immune response more efficiently in human cardiac endothelial cells to increase infection. Overall, this study explores the tropism of arboviruses in human primary cardiac cells and characterizes the strain-specific restriction of CHIKV-IOL in human endothelial cells. Further work is needed to understand how the differential restriction of alphaviruses in human endothelial cells impacts pathogenesis in a living model, as well as the specific host factors responsible.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11918386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leishmaniasis in deployed military populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ngwa Niba Rawlings, Mark Bailey, Orin Courtenay","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012680","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis affects military personnel deployed to endemic areas following exposure to sand flies infected with the protozoa Leishmania. This systematic review and meta-analysis of data specific to military populations aims to identify knowledge gaps to mitigate sand fly exposure and Leishmania transmission during deployments. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023463687). Random-effects meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were performed. Thirty-six studies were included, most of which reported on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), showing a mean cumulative incidence of 10% (95% CI: 5-16), suggesting higher rates in the Eastern Mediterranean region (14% [95% CI: 12-16]) compared to the African region (8%) and American region (9%). Asymptomatic Leishmania infection had a cumulative incidence of 11% (95% CI: 6-17), with higher rates in Eastern Mediterranean countries (20% [95% CI: 14-25]). Diagnosis involved parasitological, serological, and molecular methods, with L. (L) mexicana and L. (V.) braziliensis identified as the predominant CL pathogens in deployed troops in the Americas. Visceral leishmaniasis cases were less frequent, all reported from the Eastern Mediterranean and associated with the Leishmania donovani/infantum complex; whereas CL cases in the Old World were due predominantly to L. major and L. tropica. Regular use of long-lasting insecticidal nets to mitigate sand fly exposure demonstrated high potential effectiveness than other reported personal protective measures (PPMs) which yielded mixed or inconclusive results. In summary, the systematic review revealed the substantial variability between study designs and statistical integrity. There is need for more consistent and robustly designed studies including well-define controls and replication. Future studies would be advised to explore the long-term effectiveness and practicality of PPMs, both individually and in combination, across diverse deployment settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mass drug administration with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole for lymphatic filariasis on hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Jannet A Tobon Ramos, Tobias Maure, Lenore Carias, Daphne Lew, Charles Goss, Anna Samuel, Livingstone Tavul, Peter U Fischer, Gary J Weil, Moses Laman, Leanne J Robinson, William Pomat, Christopher L King","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012851","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persons with lymphatic filariasis (LF) are often co-infected with soil-transmitted helminths. A single co-administered dose of ivermectin/diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (IDA) is recommended by WHO for mass drug administration (MDA) for LF instead of diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (DA) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We compared the effectiveness of a single round of MDA with IDA or DA on hookworm and strongyloidiasis in PNG.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>This study was conducted as part of a cluster randomized trial of MDA with IDA versus DA for LF in individuals willing to provide stool and blood samples at baseline and 12 months after MDA. Participants from 23 villages were included in the clinical trial. Primary outcomes were changes in hookworm prevalence and infection intensity assessed by Kato Katz and Strongyloides prevalence by serology. Hookworm prevalence at baseline was 78% (91/117) and 80% (119/149) in villages assigned to DA and IDA treatment, respectively. Twelve months post-MDA, hookworm prevalence decreased to 56.5% in DA- and 34.4% in IDA-treated villages, respectively (p<0.001, both comparisons). The proportion of individuals with moderate to heavy infection (>2000 egg per gram (EPG)) similarly decreased from 8.7% to 1.5% after DA (p = 0.001) and from 5.7% to 1.0% after IDA (p = 0.002). Using a logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, baseline hookworm prevalence, and village drug coverage, IDA resulted in a 45% greater reduction in hookworm prevalence than DA (Odds ratio 0.55, 95% CI [0.31,0.99], p = 0.049). MDA also reduced hookworm transmission. Strongyloides seroprevalence at baseline was 68% (192/283) and 62% (180/290) in IDA and DA villages, respectively, with 49% becoming seronegative in the IDA versus 23% in DA villages at 12 months (p = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>MDA with IDA was more effective than DA for reducing hookworm and Strongyloides infections in PNG, extending the benefit of MDA with IDA beyond its effect on LF.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 3","pages":"e0012851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}