PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Late-onset hearing loss was not observed among preschool- aged children with prenatal Zika virus exposure: An analysis of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (2015-2019).","authors":"Danielle Seabra Ramos, Lilian Ferreira Muniz, Mariana de Carvalho Leal, Demócrito de Barros Miranda Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Elizabeth Brickley, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Silvio da Silva Caldas Neto","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013033","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can lead to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), with significant impacts on early childhood development. This study aimed to analyze the natural history of hearing loss in children with CZS during their first four years of life. Data were collected from the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort in Pernambuco, Brazil. We investigated whether children with prenatal ZIKV exposure could develop late-onset hearing loss and whether those with preserved auditory thresholds at birth might exhibit deficits in functional hearing or primary language development.The study included children with suspected or confirmed prenatal ZIKV exposure who had normal neonatal hearing screenings. Follow-up assessments included auditory brainstem response testing and behavioral observational audiometry. Children were evaluated every six months up to 24 months of age and annually thereafter until 48 months. Results indicated that late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was not observed in children with prenatal ZIKV exposure and normal neonatal hearing screening. The hearing losses identified were transient and typically related to middle ear effusion. Therefore, our findings reinforce that congenital SNHL associated with ZIKV exposure predominantly manifests at birth, with no evidence supporting its late onset in the first years of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0013033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericardial effusion in pediatric paragonimiasis: Surgery may not be necessary in cases of moderate to large effusion-a retrospective study.","authors":"Houxi Bai, Yanchun Wang, Xiaotao Yang, Yi Huang, Feng Jiao, Yonghan Luo","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pericardial effusion is a severe complication of pediatric paragonimiasis, necessitating a careful approach to diagnosis and treatment. Traditionally, the management of pericardial effusion pericardial effusion due to paragonimiasis has involved surgical intervention to drain the accumulated fluid, especially in severe cases. However, the use of non-surgical treatment approaches, such as praziquantel and corticosteroids, have shown promise in certain cases, potentially avoiding the need for invasive procedures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with paragonimiasis complicated by moderate to large pericardial effusion, with particular emphasis on comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment approaches, thereby providing clinical evidence for non-surgical treatment in such cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with paragonimiasis at Kunming Children's Hospital between January 2014 and April 2023. The patients were divided into pericardial effusion group and thoracopulmonary group. Then the pericardial effusion group was further subdivided into surgical and non-surgical groups. The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Categorical variables were compared using the χ² test, while continuous variables were compared using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Further follow-up was conducted to assess the treatment outcomes in both the surgical and non-surgical groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the thoracopulmonary group (n = 61), patients with pericardial effusion (n = 35) were more likely to present with dyspnea, weak heart sounds, abdominal pain/bloating, and vomiting, and a shorter pre-admission disease course, but significantly longer hospital stays and higher costs. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical presentation, white blood cell count, eosinophil count, pre-admission disease course, or oral praziquantel course between the surgical and non-surgical groups. Notably, pericardial effusion resolved in both groups, but the surgical group had significantly higher hospital costs and longer stays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the endemic areas of paragonimiasis,in cases of moderate to severe pericardial effusion a thorough epidemiological history should be taken, and paragonimiasis should be considered. In the absence of life-threatening conditions, early praziquantel treatment, combined with low-dose corticosteroids and regular echocardiography follow-up, can avoid unnecessary surgical intervention if effusion absorption is observed. However, the conclusion of this study is based on limited evidence, and further multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0013023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of Giardia infection in nonhuman mammalian hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis of five million animals.","authors":"Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Milad Badri, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Davood Anvari, David Carmena, Lihua Xiao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013021","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Members of the Giardia genus are zoonotic protozoan parasites that cause giardiasis, a diarrheal disease of public and veterinary health concern, in a wide range of mammal hosts, including humans.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide evidence-based data on the worldwide prevalence of Giardia infection in nonhuman mammals that can be used as scientific foundation for further studies. We searched public databases using specific keywords to identify relevant publications from 1980 to 2023. We computed the pooled prevalence estimates utilizing a random-effects meta-analysis model. Animals were stratified according to their taxonomic hierarchy, as well as ecological and biological factors. We investigated the influence of predetermined variables on prevalence estimates and heterogeneity through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. We conducted phylogenetic analysis to examine the evolutionary relationships among different assemblages of G. duodenalis.</p><p><strong>Principal findings: </strong>The study included 861 studies (1,632 datasets) involving 4,917,663 animals from 327 species, 203 genera, 67 families, and 14 orders from 89 countries. The global pooled prevalence of Giardia infection in nonhuman mammals was estimated at 13.6% (95% CI: 13.4-13.8), with the highest rates observed in Rodentia (28.0%) and Artiodactyla (17.0%). Herbivorous (17.0%), semiaquatic (29.0%), and wild (19.0%) animals showed higher prevalence rates. A decreasing prevalence trend was observed over time (β = -0.1036477, 95% CI -0.1557359 to -0.0515595, p < 0.000). Among 16,479 G. duodenalis isolates, 15,999 mono-infections belonging to eight (A-H) assemblages were identified. Assemblage E was the predominant genotype (53.7%), followed by assemblages A (18.1%), B (14.1%), D (6.4%), C (5.6%), F (1.4%), G (0.6%), and H (0.1%). The highest G. duodenalis genetic diversity was found in cattle (n = 7,651, where six assemblages including A (13.6%), B (3.1%), C (0.2%), D (0.1%), E (81.7%), and mixed infections (1.2%) were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>Domestic mammals are significant contributors to the environmental contamination with Giardia cysts, emphasizing the importance of implementing good management practices and appropriate control measures. The widespread presence of Giardia in wildlife suggests that free-living animals can potentially act as sources of the infection to livestock and even humans through overlapping of sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles of the parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0013021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left ventricular reverse remodeling: A predictor of survival in chagasic cardiomyopathy patients with a reduced ejection fraction.","authors":"Maria Tereza Sampaio de Sousa Lira, Silas Ramos Furquim, Daniel Catto de Marchi, Pamela Camara Maciel, Rafael Cavalcanti Tourinho Dantas, Bruno Biselli, Paulo Roberto Chizzola, Robinson Tadeu Munhoz, Felix José Alvarez Ramires, Barbara Maria Ianni, Fábio Fernandes, Silvia Moreira Ayub-Ferreira, Eduardo Gomes Lima, Edimar Alcides Bocchi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chagas disease is a major health issue in Latin America and is now spreading globally because of migration. Chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) leads to heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR), defined as an improved LVEF, is associated with improved outcomes in patients with other HFrEF etiologies. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between LVRR and survival in CCC patients with an LVEF<40%.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study included patients diagnosed with CCC and LVEF<40% between January 2006 and September 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: positive RR (PRR; LVEF≥40% or an absolute LVEF increase of ≥ 10%) and negative RR (NRR). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to account for baseline differences, and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to determine independent predictors of mortality and heart transplantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,043 patients were evaluated; 221 (21.2%) were classified as having PRR, and 822 (78.8%) were classified as having NRR. PRR status was associated with a 55% lower risk of all-cause mortality and heart transplantation over 15 years (p = 0.002). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that predictors of total mortality and heart transplantation included NRR status, a worse NYHA class, lower serum sodium levels, larger LV dimensions, and moderate-to-severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The PRR predictors were smaller LV dimensions, less mitral regurgitation, and the absence of triple therapy at baseline. NRR patients were more likely to be on triple therapy at baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRR improves survival in CCC patients with HFrEF. Identifying patients with potential for LVRR, alongside early therapeutic interventions, may reduce mortality in this population. Future research should focus on therapies that promote LVRR in patients with CCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0013053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera in Sub-Saharan Africa: Unveiling neglected drivers and pathways to elimination.","authors":"Beenzu Siamalube, Emmanuel Ehinmitan, Steven Runo, Maina Ngotho, Justus Onguso","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera is a virulent infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria Vibrio cholerae, after ingesting contaminated food and/or water. If left untreated, it can kill within 5 days. Since mid-2021 the world has recorded a notable increase in the seventh cholera pandemic, with high case fatality rate especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oral cholera vaccines are established but not readily available on the market, or if they are, they are not pocket friendly for low-resource-income countries. Hence, with the advent of green factory biotechnology, plant-derived edible vaccines are such a promising approach to supplement conventional vaccine methods. Human travellers are often the major transmitters as they move from region to region. Poor sanitation and inadequate clean water supply are services not readily available in most Sub-Saharan African countries, coupled with insufficient surveillance services, lack of early detection facilities, and the public not having ample awareness concerning sanitation and hygiene. This article highlights the epidemiology of cholera in Africa and expounds on what drives the outbreaks of cholera in this region. The discussion provides an in-depth analysis of the factors leading to the forsaken cholera drivers, emphasizing economic factors, culture, and environmental influences, particularly within the Sub-Saharan African communities. It presents a strategic blueprint approach that includes public health awareness, community participation, government involvement, and exploring emerging research tools. By merging these proposals into a unified context, a collective and practical methodology would be established to tackle the impact of cholera epidemiology that has been sidelined in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0013029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between diabetes and disease severity in patients with venomous snakebites: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Miaomiao Zhang, Xiuyan Peng, Feng Chen, Qi Li","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Snakebites remain an overlooked public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assess the impact of diabetes on disease severity in patients with venomous snakebites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on snakebite cases treated at eight hospitals in Fujian Province between December 2019 and December 2023. Snakebite severity was evaluated using the Snakebite Severity Score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with snakebite severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 537 patients. The average age of patients is 55 years. 54.93% (n = 295) were aged ≥55 years, 57.17% (n = 307) were male, and 13.41% (n = 72) had diabetes. In the multivariate logistic regression, diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 5.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.18-9.55), time from snakebite to hospital (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07), and bite site (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.97) were identified as independent predictors of snakebite severity. Subgroup analysis revealed significant sex differences among patients with diabetes. The odds ratio for moderate-to-severe outcome was 3.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81-7.99) in males and 12.57 (95% CI: 5.72-27.60) in females, with an interaction p-value of 0.030. Additionally, diabetes was significantly associated with prolonged hospital length of stay (p < 0.01), increased costs (p < 0.01), higher complication rates (p < 0.01), and a greater likelihood of requiring debridement surgery (p < 0.01) compared to individuals without diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes is an independent predictor of disease severity in patients with snakebites, underscoring the need for clinicians to consider the diabetes status when assessing and managing snakebite risk. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing care strategies for individuals with diabetes who have experienced venomous snakebites.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0012975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of neutrophils impairs the host defense in murine footpad model of chromoblastomycosis.","authors":"Huan Huang, Minying Li, Yinghui Liu, Yangxia Chen, Zhenmou Xie, Mingfen Luo, Dongmei Li, Hongfang Liu, Liyan Xi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by black fungi such as Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora), is characterized by a low cure rate, high recurrence rate, and prolonged treatment duration. Neutrophils, one of the most important innate immune cells, play complex roles in the prevention of fungal infections. This study investigated the function of neutrophils in host defense against F. monophora using a neutrophil-depleted mouse model and in vitro co-culture conditions. Fungal burden, histopathological changes, and cytokine profiles were compared between neutrophil-depleted mice and isotype control mice. Our findings demonstrated that neutrophil depletion in mice led to impaired fungal clearance, prolonged inflammation in F. monophora infected footpad tissues, highlighting the critical role of neutrophils in controlling F. monophora infection. Histopathological analysis revealed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, especially macrophages, accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, CCL3, IL-6, and TNF-α. Besides, we observed that neutrophils play a key role in inhibiting the morphological transition of F. monophora from conidia to hyphae and sclerotic-like cells. Notably, the F. monophora morphology was also associated with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in in vitro experiment. These findings underscore the importance of neutrophil-mediate immune responses in early fungal clearance and their ability to influence F.monophora morphological transition. The study provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms underlying CBM and highlights the potential therapeutic implications of targeting neutrophil-mediated responses in CBM infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0012986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance for conducting and evaluating serological surveys to assess interruption of yaws transmission in the context of an eradication target.","authors":"Oriol Mitjà, Katherine Gass, Michael Marks, Philip J Cooper, Petter J Diggle, Lance Waller, Patrick Agana-Nsiire, Belen Lardizabal Dofitas, Louise Dyson, Julie Jacobson, John Kaldor, Sung Hye Kim, Susana Vaz Nery, Chandrakant Revankar, Ghislain Sopoh, Anthony W Solomon, Daniel Argaw Dagne, Priya Pathak, Aya Yajima, Zaw Lin, Mahoutondji Yves Thierry Barogui, Ronaldo Carvalho Scholte, Kazim Hizbullah Sanikullah, Chris Drakeley, Gillian Stresman, John Gyapong, Kingsley Bampoe Asiedu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This document provides a summary of guidance developed for national programmes on conducting serosurveys to assess yaws transmission status, with the objective of confirming yaws seroprevalence below 1% at each of three serosurveys over a period of 3-10 years after reporting the last case of active yaws in a region. It proposes active testing of children aged 1-5 years through population-based surveys and includes recommendations on survey design, sample size determination, sampling of primary sampling units (PSUs) within an evaluation unit, sampling of households within PSUs, integration with existing public health surveys, and follow-up protocols for positive results. Geospatial analysis and sustained surveillance are recommended for accurate assessment of whether transmission interruption has been achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0012899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the methodological considerations in Campylobacter burden of disease studies.","authors":"Megan Tumulty, Carlotta Di Bari, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Sara M Pires, Zubair Kabir","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Campylobacteriosis is a major zoonotic and foodborne disease (FBD), posing a substantial social and health economic burden on human health. Burden of disease (BoD) studies, which increasingly use the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) metric, provide comprehensive insights into disease effects. However, the complexity of DALY calculations, combined with diverse causative agents and research gaps, complicates cross-regional comparisons. This review evaluates existing Campylobacter BoD studies and interrogates their methodological approaches and assumptions in quantifying DALYs.</p><p><strong>Methods/principal findings: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and selected grey literature databases was conducted to identify existing Campylobacter BoD studies. Studies assessing the BoD methodology and calculation using the DALY framework were considered. In total, 23 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 were single-country studies, while 4 were multi-country analyses. A significant data gap exists, with limited or no studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), exemplified by just one study obtained from Rwanda. Most studies used an incidence- and pathogen-based approach to estimate DALYs, excluding social weighting, in line with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Methodological discrepancies were noted, especially in disability weight (DW) assignment, health state classification, and life expectancy table usage. Most single-country studies (n=8) used national life tables rather than universal ones, challenging cross-country comparisons due to a lack of standardisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant variations in the methodological approaches and assumptions for Campylobacter BoD studies exist. Addressing these disparities is essential for harmonising methodological design choices using the DALYs metric to inform evidence-based public health policies and interventions.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>The protocol for this study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), which can be accessed under the registration number CRD42023414973.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0012681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Salmonella Typhi and blaCTX-M genes in drinking water, wastewater, and environmental biofilms in Sindh Province, Pakistan.","authors":"Ayesha Tajammul, Scott Benson, Jamil Ahmed, James VanDerslice, Windy D Tanner","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012963","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typhoid fever poses a significant public health risk, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to clean water and improved sanitation may be limited. In Pakistan, this risk is especially serious given the emergence of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi strain, a strain attributed to S. Typhi acquisition of the blaCTX-M-15 gene. The now-dominant XDR S. Typhi strain, non-XDR S. Typhi, and blaCTX-M genes are readily disseminated via drinking water and wastewater in Pakistan and may also be present in biofilm associated with these environmental sources. This study investigates the presence of S. Typhi and blaCTX-M genes within these environmental compartments. Drinking water (n=35) or wastewater samples (n=35) and samples of their associated biofilms were collected in Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan. Samples were tested by PCR for S. Typhi and blaCTX-M group 1 genes as a proxy for blaCTX-M-15. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were conducted to assess microbial load. S. Typhi was detected by PCR in one bulk wastewater sample and one drinking water biofilm. BlaCTX-M group 1 genes were detected in all sample types and were detected more frequently in bulk wastewater (n=13/35) than in drinking water (n=2/35) and more frequently overall in biofilm samples (n=22/70) versus bulk water (n=15/70). Detection of blaCTX-M in biofilm was not significantly associated with detection in the associated bulk water sample. This study marks the first detection of S. Typhi in drinking water biofilm and the first report of blaCTX-M genes in environmental biofilm in Pakistan. Environmental biofilm, particularly in drinking water systems, may serve as reservoirs for human exposure to S. Typhi and drug resistance genes. This study underscores the importance of expanding surveillance strategies to include biofilm sampling, providing valuable insights into pathogen dissemination in water systems, and informing targeted public health interventions to prevent waterborne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 4","pages":"e0012963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}